Download Unit 3- study guide Test 1

Genetics - Test A - Study Guide
Sexual vs. Asexual
1. What is/are the difference(s) between sexual and asexual reproduction?
2. What does sexual reproduction help to create and maintain? How does this help a species if its environment
changes for some reason?
3. Are the offspring from asexually reproducing organisms genetically similar or different from their parent? Is this
a good or bad trait? Explain your answer.
4. What is alternation of generations? How does this process relate to sexual and asexual reproduction?
5. Fill in the following chart:
FORM OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
DESCRIPTION
BINARY FISSION
BUDDING
CLONING
SPORE FORMATION
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
6. Label each of the following as an advantage of sexual reproduction (S) or asexual reproduction (A):
_____ Benefits isolated or simple organisms
_____ Provides genetic diversity
_____ Requires less energy
_____ Rapid reproduction
_____ Provides disease resistance
_____ Increases adaptation
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
7. What are the four (4) phases of mitosis (in order)?
8.
What is the relationship between chromatin and chromosomes and chromatids?
9. In which phase of Mitosis are the chromatids pulled apart? Which phase of Meiosis?
10. In which phase of Mitosis does the nuclear membrane DISSAPPEAR and then REDEVELOP? In Meiosis?
11.
Why is it important that DNA is replicated before division? During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA
duplicated?
12.
You are looking at a cell under the microscope. You notice that the chromosomes are lined up in pairs
in the middle of the cell. This would tell you that the cell is in which phase of cell division?
13.
How are mitosis and cancer related?
14.
Why do humans need Mitosis? Why do humans need Meiosis?
15.
What is the difference between n and 2n ?
16. What are homologous chromosomes? Which parent donates homologous chromosomes?
17. What do the terms diploid and haploid mean?
18. Why is crossing over important? When does it happen?
19. Why is meiosis important for the formation of gametes, or what would happen if meiosis didn’t occur in
gametes?
20. What is a polar body?
21. The following phases are not in order. Match each description to the correct picture:
PHASES of MITOSIS
_____ A. Stage of meiosis where crossing over occurs.
_____ B. Metaphase I
_____ C. Anaphase
_____ D. Metaphase
_____ E. Anaphase II
_____ F. Telophase II
_____ G. Prophase
22. Fill in the following chart
PHASE
SKETCH
SUMMARY
MITOSIS
MEIOSIS
INTERPHASE
PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE
CYTOKINESIS
23. Fill in the following chart:
POINT OF COMPARISON
HOW CHROMOSOMES ALIGN
IN METAPHASE
# OF CHROMOSOMES AT THE
END OF THE PROCESS
# OF DAUGHTER CELLS
FORMED FROM ONE (1)
PARENT CELL
WHERE THE PROCESS TAKES
PLACE (WHAT TYPE OF CELL?)
# OF PHASES
Genetics
24. “The Father of Genetics” = ________________________
25. In your own words, explain his 3 principles/Laws:
a. Independent Assortment b. Dominant & Recessive traits c. Segregation of factors 26. Humans have ____ (2n) chromosomes in each __________(somatic) cell.
27. Humans have ____ (1n) chromosomes in each _______________ (sex cell).
28. _______________ – different forms of the same gene (flower color)
29. ____________________ ______________ occurs when chromatids
of homologous pairs become entangled. This happens during the phase called
___________________. (It is the Homologous pair that is pulled apart during Anaphase I)
30. __________________- when the traits/genes (alleles for the trait) are represented
by letters (Tt, Aa, BB, dd)
31. Genotypic ratios are written in the following order: ______________ : ______________: ______________
32. __________________– the physical appearance or what the offspring looks like.
(Tall : short, curly hair : straight hair)
Phenotype ratios are reported from the Dominant to the Recessive trait showing.
The physical appearance of
The physical appearance of
Homozygous Dominant & Heterozygous : Homozygous Recessive
33. ________________________- both capital letters/dominant for genotype (TT , AA, BB)
34.________________________ - One letter is capital/dominant & one is small/recessive (Tt, Aa, Bb)
35. _________________________ – both letters are small/recessive (tt, aa, bb)
36. ______________________– diagram showing probability of traits
Parental alleles – from the gametes (genotype) go on the outside of the box
37. ___________ (capital letter) trait will always show if present (covers any recessive traits)
38. _____________ (lower case letters) – trait is masked or covered by the dominant.
Recessive traits only show up if homozygous recessive (lower case letters)
39. Solve the Punnett square below:
T
t
T
t
40. Complete the ratios below based on the Punnett square in #39.
:
:
HD: He : hr
Genotypic ratio
:
Phenotypic ratio
show trait : don’t show trait