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ENGL 507 Fall 2013 Self-Review: Algeo, Ch.8 The driving forces of the late 17th and early 18th century students of the language can be broken down into five main elements: o ________________________: they attempted to make English conform to logic. o ________________________: they attempted to describe how English worked through a system of rules. o ________________________: they associated correct thinking with “proper” English and language use. o _________________________: they associated social mobility as imitating one’s betters. o _________________________: they associated language as an expression of national character. ________________________________ was a 17th and 18th century movement favoring the creation of an organization to act as language sentinel, keeping English "pure.” Prescriptivists admired the model of the _______________________________________, created in 1635. Proponents for this movement consisted of _______________________, _____________________________, ______________________________, and _____________________________. Which Queen supported the idea of an English Academy? ________________________. What is lexicography? _____________________________________________________. Lexicography stems from a desire to _______________________________________________________________________. ENGL 507 Fall 2013 In 1778, the __________________________________________ attempted to compile a "historical dictionary" of the French language; however, this idea never progressed past which letter? ____________________. In 1712, _______________________________________ created the Proposal for Correcting, Improving, and Ascertaining the English Tongue. Who were the political opponents of prescriptivism? _____________________________. John Adams proposed an ______________________________________ instead of an English Academy. In Elizabeth Elstob’s preface _______________________________________, she responds to ___________________________________ proposal for “purifying” English. Some early lexicographers include: ________________________________, __________________________________, ___________________________________, __________________________________, and_________________________________. The first book considered to be an English dictionary is _______________________________________________________ written by _______________________________________. The next significant dictionary is Nathaniel Bailey’s __________________________________________, which was expanded into the __________________________________________ and indicates _____________________ for the first time. Samuel Johnson’s ____________________________________________, published in 1755 became the most influential dictionary up until the publication of the _________________________________________________. ENGL 507 Fall 2013 The OED became known as ___________________ dictionary, built on ___________________________________ and _________________________________ principles rather than prescriptive standards. Webster’s 3rd dictionary became known as __________________ dictionary because it was based on ______________________________ principles and removed “nonlexical matter” meant for teaching people how words were to be used. Which dictionary had a usage panel to guide decision making after the publication of “that” dictionary? ________________________________________________________. What text was used to teach grammar in English schools, by order of the King? _______________________________________________________________________. William Shakespeare would have studied grammar out of ________________________, written by _______________________________________. John Wallis’ ________________________________________________ is considered the first book of English grammar, although it is written in ________________________. Who invented the shall/will distinction? _______________________________________. The most influential early grammar of English was ______________________________, written by _______________________________________________________. This text is not only prescriptive, but _________________________________________ as well. Ann Fischer’s ___________________________________________________ is advertised as a grammar for ________________________________________________. Which grammar is the first English grammar book written in English for men? _______________________________________________________________________. ENGL 507 Fall 2013 One of the first grammar books printed in the United States was _______________________________________________________________________. The most successful grammar book of all time was _______________________________________________________________________, although it was highly criticized for its obscurity and deficient presentation of etymologies. Noah Webster set out to prove that there was a distinction between _____________________________ English and _________________________ English. Webster’s anxiety over copyrighting led to the passage of the first American __________________________________________ in 1790. Otto Jespersen, who coined the term “The Great Vowel Shift,” is also known for writing the ____________________________________________________________________.