Download Test 5 packet

Test 5: The Muslim World, the Byzantine Empire, and the Russian Empire
Name:
Test Date:
11.1 The Byzantine Empire—After Rome split, the Eastern Empire, known as Byzantium, flourishes for a thousand years.
I.
A New Rome in a New Setting
a. The Eastern Roman Empire
i. Roman Empire officially divides
ii. Eastern Empire flourishes; becomes known
iii. Justinian becomes
iv. His armies
v.
II.
Byzantine emperors head
Life in the New Rome
a. New Laws for the Empire
i. Justinian seeks to revise
ii. Justinian Code:
iii. Code regulates much of
b.
Creating the Imperial Capital
i. Justinian launches program
ii. Constructs new buildings
iii. Byzantines preserve
c.
Constantinople’s Hectic Pace
i. City becomes trading
ii. Giant Hippodrome
iii. Empress Theodora:
III.
The Empire Falls
a. Years of Turmoil
i. Justinian dies in
b.
The Plague of Justinian
i. Bubonic plague repeatedly
c.
Attacks from East and West
i. Byzantium faces attacks from many
ii. Empire survives through
iii. Constantinople falls in
IV.
The Church Divides
a. A Religious Split
i. Christianity develops
ii. Two churches disagree
iii. Icons are religious
iv. Pope is the leader of the Church in the
1
v.
In the West, pope excommunicated
vi. Pope and Patriarch
vii. Eastern and Western Churches
viii. West-Roman Catholic Church
b.
Byzantine Missionaries Convert the Slavs
i. Eastern Orthodox missionaries seek to
ii. Missionaries create Cyrillic
iii. Slavs forming
Theodora: Woman of Will—read the passage and answer the following questions.
1.
What does Theodora mean by the last sentence in the quotation (at the top of the page)?
2.
What obstacles did Theodora have to overcome to rise in society?
3.
Why do you think actresses were looked down on?
4.
What Roman influences were apparent in the Byzantine Empire?
5.
What would have happened if Justinian had fled Constantinople?
6.
What is an example in history where the leaders fled for safety?
7.
What divisions split Byzantine society during Theodora’s time?
8.
How did Theodora use her position to help her fellow Byzantines? What is the role of the First Lady today?
Timeline of the Byzantine Empire—Fill in significant events of the Byzantine Empire on the appropriate date.

330

357

395

527

532

542

548

565

626

674

717

730

843

860

1043

1054

1204

1350

1453
2
Discovery Channel: Byzantium
Part I
1.
Where is Istanbul?
2.
What was the capitol of the Byzantine Empire? When was it founded? Who founded it?
3.
Constantinople is located near which body of water?
4.
Why were large walls built around Constantinople?
5.
What is the argument for the “fall of Rome?”
6.
Who were Justinian and Theodora?
7.
Latin was replaced by _______________________ in the Byzantine Empire.
8.
Who lived along the streets of the city? (outside of the palace)
9.
In the 700’s conflict with the _____________________ emerged.
10. Approximately, how many people per day died of the Bubonic Plague?
11. In the 900’s, the _________________________________ entered Byzantium.
12. Moscow declared itself the “____________________ ____________________.”
Part II
1.
What religion were the Ottoman Turks?
2.
Edirne was the center of the _____________________ Empire.
3.
Mistra was close to what Greek city-state?
4.
Who was Plethon?
5.
What does the double-headed eagle represent?
6.
In 1439, the _____________________________________________ was signed.
7.
Who was the new emperor in Constantinople?
8.
What happened on the last day of Byzantium?
9.
How did Constantine XI die?
10. What was St. Sophia converted into?
11. Why was the Academy was created?
12. What does “Istanbul” mean?
11.2 The Russian Empire—Russia grows out of a blending of Slavic and Byzantine cultures and adopts Eastern Orthodox
traditions.
I.
Russia’s Birth
a. Emergence of Russian Culture
i. Byzantium trades with the Slavs
b.
Geography of Russia
i. Russian territory: west of Ural Mountains,
ii. Eventually Slavic and Greek
ii. Forests in north, hilly grasslands in
3
c.
d.
Slavs and Vikings
i. In 800s, Vikings settle among Slavs;
ii. Vikings and Slavs mix
Kiev Becomes Orthodox
i. Princess Olga of Kiev visits
iii. In 989, Vladimir has all Kiev
ii. Her grandson, Vladimir, becomes
II.
iv. Beliefs and traditions of Orthodox
Kiev’s Power and Decline
a. Kievan Russia
i. Vladimir expands
ii. Vladimir’s son, Yaroslav the Wise
b.
iii. Forges alliances, creates legal
Kiev’s Decline
i. Yaroslav divides realm between
iii. The Crusades—clash between
ii. Trade is weakened by the
III.
The Mongol Invasions
a. The Mongols
i. Mongols, nomads from central
iii. Mongols rule much of Russia for
ii. Kiev falls in 1240 to Genghis
b.
Mongol Rule in Russia
i. Mongols give Russians many
iii. Mongol rule isolates Russia from
ii. Russian nobles such as Alexander
IV.
Russia Breaks Free
a. The Rise of Moscow
i. Moscow founded in 1100s—located near
b.
An Empire Emerges
i. Late 1400s Ivan III becomes prince
ii. Take the name czar, Russian for
iii. Russian and Mongol armies face
iv. Both armies retreat and Russia
Growth of Early Russia—Read the paragraphs below and study the map on the next page. Then answer the questions that
follow.
During the sixth and seventh centuries, Scandinavian traders transported goods to and from Constantinople. They
traveled through an area of present-day Russia so frequently that communities and a primitive government began to form.
These Scandinavians even coined the word Russia. They may have gotten it from the Greek word for red, which was the hair
color of many of these Viking traders.
Around 855, a Danish man named Rurik became the first Russian king and Kiev became the center of early Russia. A
descendant of Rurik, Vladimir I, who ruled from 980 to 1015, converted early Russia to Christianity. Although Kiev’s proximity
and contact with Byzantium is largely responsible for the conversion to Christianity, one account states that Vladimir chose
Christianity over Islam because he could not accept a religion that rejected alcohol.
Kievan Russia declined in the 12th century because of internal problems and the Mongol invasions. Around 1300, the
Orthodox Church chose Moscow as its center. As a result, Moscow, originally a region of Russia, began to emerge as an
important city.
1.
How did the location of Kiev contribute to its rise as the center of early Russia?
2.
What geographical features made the location of Moscow so valuable?
3.
Compare Moscow of 1505 to Moscow of 1300. How did the region change?
4.
Where did the word Russia possible come from? Why did they choose it?
5.
What is one theory on why Vladimir chose Christianity over Islam?
4
Russia: Land of the Tsars:
1.
What are the 3 rivers in Russia?
2.
Where does the word “Russia” come from?
3.
What 3 religions did Vladimir consider?
4.
What city convinced Vladimir to convert to Christianity?
5.
What feat did the Mongols achieve?
6.
What city was attacked by Batu Khan in 1240?
7.
How long did the reign of the Golden Horde last?
8.
Ivan took the nickname __________________________.
9.
Who was responsible for defeating the Mongols?
10. In 1453, the ________________________ Empire fell to Muslim invaders.
11. “Czar” is Russian for _______________________.
12. Why did Vasili lock up his first wife?
13. Who was Vasili’s son?
14. Russia’s noble class was called the __________________________.
15. How did Ivan IV entertain himself sometimes?
16. How did Ivan IV warn his enemies?
5
10.1 The Rise of Islam—Muhammad unifies the Arab people both politically and through the religion of Islam.
I.
Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes
a. The Arabian Peninsula
i. A crossroads of 3 continents:
b.
Crossroads of Trade and Ideas
i. Many sea and land trade routes pass through the
c.
Mecca
i. Pilgrims come to Mecca to
ii. Arabs associate shrine with
II.
The Prophet Muhammad
a. Early Life
i. Around 570 CE Muhammad is
b.
Revelations
i. By age 40, Muhammad spends
ii. He hears angel Gabriel tell him he
c.
iii. Some tribes worship many
iv. Some Arabs believe in
ii. Becomes a trader, marries
iii. Muhammad found religion of
iv. Many join him and become
Muslim
The Hijrah
i. Muhammad’s followers are
ii. Hijrah—the Muslim migration
d.
ii. Mostly desert with small
iii. Muhammad attracts many more
followers,
Returning to Mecca
i. In 630, Muhammad and 10,000
iv. Meccans convert to
ii. Meccan leaders
iii. Muhammad destroys idols at
III.
v.
Muhammad unifies Arabian
Beliefs and Practices of Islam
a. Islam
i. The main teaching of Islam is that
ii. People are responsible for their
b.
c.
d.
iii. Islamic monument in Jerusalem—
Dome of the Rock ( Muslims
The Five Pillars
i. Muslims carry out
1.
statement of faith to
2.
pray five times
3.
give alms, or
4.
fast between dawn and sunset
5.
perform the hajj—pilgrimage to
A Way of Life
i. Customs and traditions guide
Sources of Authority
i. Original source of authority
ii. Scholar class, ulama, and
iii. Muslims follow Sunna—
Muhammad’s
ii. Qur’an—holy book, contains
iv. Shari’a: guidance of Qur’an and
e.
Links to Judaism and Christianity
6
i. To Muslims, Allah is same God
iv. All three religions believe in
ii. Qur’an, Gospels, Torah—contain
v.
Shari’a law requires Muslim
iii. Muslims, Christians, and Jews
Primary source: from the Qur’an—read the passage then answer the questions that follow.
“Men are the managers of the affairs of women for that God has preferred in bounty one of them over another, and for that they have expended
their property. Righteous women are therefore obedient, guarding the secret for God’s guarding…
If a women fear rebelliousness or aversion in her husband, there is not fault in them if the couple set things right between them; rights settlement is
better; and souls are very prone to avarice. If you do good and are godfearing, surely God is aware of the things you do.”
1.
What does the passage tell you about rights of men and women?
2.
What should a woman do if her husband acts like he doesn’t like her?
History makers: Muhammad- The Messenger of Allah—As you read the handout answer the following questions.
1.
Why was Muhammad’s early life difficult? Do you think it influenced his spirituality?
2.
What evidence is there that Muhammad was a good business man and a wise leader?
3.
Why did the Meccan merchants object to Muhammad’s message?
4.
According to Muhammad, what happens to nonbelievers?
5.
Why do you think initially Muhammad only told his wife and close friends about his vision of Gabriel?
10.2 Islam Expands—In spite of internal conflicts, the Muslims create a huge empire that includes land on three continents.
I.
Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam
a. A New Leader
i. In 632, Muhammad dies;
b.
“Rightly Guided” Caliphs
i. First 4 caliphs guided by the
ii. Jihad, armed struggle against
c.
Reasons for Success
i. Muslims armies are well
ii. Byzantine and Sassanid empires
d.
II.
Treatment of Conquered Peoples
i. Muslim invaders tolerate other
Internal Conflict Creates a Crisis
a. Rise of Umayyads
i. Struggles for power end the
b.
Sunni—Shi’a Split
i. Shi’a—“party” of Ali—believe
ii. Sunni—followers of Muhammad’s
ii. Caliph (title for Muslim leader)
means
iii. Muslims control all of Arabia,
iv. By 750, Muslim empire
iii. Persecuted citizens of these
iv. Attracted to Islam’s offer of
ii. Christians, Jews, receive special
ii. Wealthy family, Umayyads, take
iii. Sufi followers pursue life of
iv. In 750, a rebel group—the
7
III.
Control Extends Over Three Continents
a. Fall of the Umayyads
i. Abbasids murder Umayyad family
iii. Al-Andalus—Muslim state in
ii. Flees to Spain; establishes new
b.
c.
Abbasids Consolidate Power
i. In 762, Abbasids move Muslim
ii. Location provides access to
Rival Groups Divide Muslim Lands
i. Independent Muslim states spring
iii. Begins in North Africa; spreads to
ii. Fatimid caliphate—claim descent
d.
Muslim Trade Network
i. Muslims trade by land and sea
iii. Cordoba, in al-Andalus, is
ii. Muslim merchants use Arabic,
10.3 Muslim Culture—as you read the section, complete the chart below.
What were the 5 major Islamic cities?
What were the 4 social classes?
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
Who were the “protected people”?
5.
What was the role of women in Muslim
society?
How did Muslim scholars help preserve
the knowledge of the ancient Greeks
and Romans?
What is an astrolabe? What was its
main purpose to Muslims?
Give 1 contribution for each:
Who was Ibn Sina?
When the Muslim Empire broke up,
what 3 empires reflected the
blended culture?
Medicine:
1.
Mathematics:
Who was Ibn Battuta?
2.
Astronomy:
3.
8
Religions of the World: Islam
1.
When did the prophet Muhammad live and introduce his religion to the world?
2.
Who is the founder of Islam? Whom do the Muslims worship?
3.
Approximately how much of the world’s current population is Muslim? Where are the greatest number of Muslims
found today?
4.
Why was Muhammad’s flight to Medina so important to the future of Islam?
5.
What are caliphs?
6.
What is the Qur’an, and why should it be read in Arabic?
7.
Why is it common for Muslim women to wear scarves on their heads in the mosque or in public?
8.
What are the 5 Pillars of Islam?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
9.
What is Ramadan?
10. Name 2 examples of actions forbidden by Islamic law.
1.
2.
11. Describe some of the key rituals and festivals associated with the pilgrimage to Mecca.
12. What are the distinguishing features of each major Islamic sect?
Sunni:
Shi’a:
13. What are 2 factors leading to the spread and increase of Islam?
1.
2.
9
Study Guide
SSWH4 The student will analyze the importance of the Byzantine and Mongol empires between 450 CE and 1500 CE.
a. Explain the relationship of the Byzantine Empire to the Roman Empire.
b. Describe the significance of Justinian's law code, Theodora and the role of women, and Byzantine art and architecture.
c. Analyze the establishment of Christianity as the official religion of the Byzantine Empire.
d. Analyze the role of Constantinople as a trading and religious center.
e. Explain the influence of the Byzantine Empire on Russia, with particular attention to its impact on Tsar Ivan III and Kiev.
d. Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism.
SSWH5 The student will trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE.
a. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire.
b. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade.
c. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims.
d. Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibn Sina), and geography (Ibn Battuta).
e. Describe the impact of the Crusades on both the Islamic World and Europe.
f. Analyze the impact of the expansion of the Mongol Empire, including the stabilization of trading networks from China to the Mediterranean world.
g. Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
The Byzantine Empire
Justinian
Justinian Code
Theodora
Constantinople
End of Byzantine Empire/Ottomans
Christianity splits: Roman Catholic/Orthodox Christian/Pope/Patriarch
The Russian Empire
Cyrillic Alphabet
Russian culture
Kiev
Vikings/Slavs
Princess Olga
Vladimir I
Yaroslav the Wise
Crusades
Mongols
Batu Khan
Alexander Nevsky
Moscow
Czar Ivan III
The Muslim World
Arabian Peninsula
Ka’aba
Allah
Muhammad
Hijrah
Mecca
5 Pillars
Ulama
Qur’an
Sunna
Shari’a
Links to Christianity and Judaism
Abu Bakr
Caliph
“Rightly-guided caliphs”
Jihad
Umayyads
Sunni/Shi’a/Sufi
Abbasids
Class system
Women’s role
Math
Medicine
Science
10