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The Phoenicians
Group Number -
Directions: Today in class you will learn about the Phoenicians via a jigsaw puzzle
activity. Pay attention to your instructor for your group number and further details.
Group One Questions
1. The land of Canaan was considered to be a land bridge, what does this mean?
Canaan connected trade between Egypt and Mesopotamia.
2. Why were the Phoenicians forced to become sailors and merchants rather than
farmers?
Not sufficient farmland- mountainous regions in East
3. It is believed that because of the sailing skills of the Phoenicians that they could
have explored as far as …
India and America
4. Where did Phoenicians trade?
Around the Mediterranean Sea
5. What products did Phoenicians import and export?
Imported Grains, golds, and other metals
Exported –
Glassware, lumber, woodwork items, metalwork, ships, purple dye, embroidered fabrics
6. Explain the purpose of peace treaties?
Promised free shipment of goods- in return the other countries agreed not to attack
them-guaranteeing independence.
Group Two Questions
7. What type of government did the Phoenicians have?
City-states (Byblos, Beirut, Tyre, Sidon)
8. The word Phoenician means “the purple people.” Why was this civilization given this
name?
Because they produced purple dye from mollusks.
9. What is the murex and why is it important to the Phoenicians?
A shellfish from which the purple dye is produced.
Group Three Questions
10. What type of religion did the Phoenicians practice?
They were polytheistic
11. The Phoenicians learned to embalm their dead, to preserve the bodies
for the afterlife, from the Egyptians .
12. In the margin of this paper draw a picture of an amphora >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
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Group Three continued
13. Soldiers, shepherds, and merchants who passed through Canaan brought goods,
ideas, and culture with them.
Group Four Questions
14.
Define colony.
A permanent settlement away from but still under control of the mother country.
15.
Why did the Phoenicians build colonies along the coast of North Africa?
Colonies served as safe ports where Phoenicians could restock their ships with food
and water as well as trade with the local people.
16.
Name and give the location of the most famous Phoenician colony.
Carthage (will later become a small trading empire)
17.
How did the idea of an alphabet prove helpful to the people of the Mediterranean
area?
Easier writing system for record keeping- had 22 symbols representing sounds
18. How was the alphabet different from cuneiform writing?
Symbols represent sounds- all consonants
When you have extra time at a station read and highlight the reading below. Then answer the following questions.
Casting The Dye
The costal waters of the ancient Phoenician abounded in two kinds of dye-bearing
shellfish: the murex and the buccinum. In both there is a long sac or vein filled with a
yellowish fluid that turns purplish when exposed to light. Purple dying became a major
industry in Tyre and Sidon, the Phoenicians main cities, but Tyre was especially
celebrated for its dye. Although Pheonicians were secretive about their manufacturing
arts, much has been learned about the way they produced dyes.
What was the main idea of this first paragraph?
Purple was created from shellfish and traded.
The mollusks were gathered in deep water by dropping down narrow-mouthed
baskets baited with mussels and frog meat. Once harvested, the shellfish were hauled off
to dye pits, where their sacs were removed, pulped, and heated in vessels of lead so that
the extraneous matter could be skimmed off. A mordant (fixative) was added to make the
dye color fast. The pits were located downwind of habitation since, though purple
delighted the eye, its manufacture offended the nose. The Phoenicians were able to
produce a range of colors that varied from pale pink to deep violet by mixing the murex
and buccinum fluids in differing quantities.
What was the main idea of the second paragraph?
It explains how the purple dye was collected.
Archaeologist have found immense heaps of empty shells at the remains of the
dye pits excavated near both Tyre and Sidon. In fact, until other methods of producing
the color were introduced, the two types of mollusk were so intensely exploited that have
become almost extinct of the shores of present-day Lebanon.
What was the main idea of the final paragraph?
So many mollusks were killed they nearly became extinct.
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Name: ________________________ Date: _____________________ Period: ___
The First Israelites
Directions: Read the following selection about the beginnings of the Hebrew people. Then answer the
questions at the bottom of the page.
The God of Abraham
The story of the Israelites and their god is written in the Bible. It states that
Yahweh, of God, mad an agreement with Abraham. Abraham and his followers were to
leave Ur and go to Canaan. There, they were to go worship and obey Yahweh, the one
true god. In exchange, Yahweh promised that they and their descendants, or offspring
such as children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and so on, could always live in
Canaan.
During ancient times, most people were polytheistic meaning that they believed in
many gods. These gods behaved like humans but were powerful. The Israelites,
however, believed that Yahweh was different from humans. He did not get hungry or
thirsty, marry or have children. According to the Israelites, Yahweh did only what was
just and right, even though he was powerful and could do whatever he wanted.
Abraham (no relation to Abraham Lincoln) and members of his household settled
in Canaan around 1800 BC. In Canaan, they raised flocks of sheep and grew wheat, figs,
and olives.
1. Name the founder of Judaism. Abraham
2. Name the promise land of the Hebrews. Canaan
3. During a famine the Hebrews will travel to Egypt where they will
eventually be enslaved 4 What did the agreement with Yahweh promise the descendants
of Abraham’s followers? That the people could always live in Canaan.
The Early Israelites
Directions: Read pages 81-85 in your textbook connections to Today and complete
the following vocabulary matching.
A. Monotheistic / B. Covenant / C. Ten Commandments /
D. Torah /
E. Sabbath/ F. Canaan / G. Moses /
H. Exodus / I. Passover
A 1. The Israelites believed in only one god. The Israelites were …
H 2. Means “to depart.” The Hebrews escaped from slavery in Egypt
D 3. Five books of Moses that contain the laws of Judaism
C 4. A set of laws Jewish people believe god gave them through Moses
B 5. The Israelites believed that god made a binding agreement with Abraham
E 6. Holy day of rest and worship for Jewish people
I 7. A Jewish holiday in which the Exodus from Egypt is celebrated
F 8. The land the Israelites believed was the Promised Land.
G 9. The leader of the Exodus
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The Ten Commandments
Directions: Today we will watch selected historical scenes from the movie “The Ten
Commandments.” The scenes from the film will help give us a historical visual
perspective on how the Hebrews lived while enslaved in Egypt. As we watch the scenes
you will take notes and answer questions dealing with Hebrew history.
1.
Discussion- How does the story of Moses begin?
2.
Scene 1- Moses discovers the truth. What happened in this scene?
He found out that he is a Hebrew and not an Egyptian.
3.
Scene 2- Mud pits- As you watch this scene imagine that you are slave living in
Egypt. While you watch write down at least 3 emotions that you might have felt if you
were placed in this very difficult situation.
Will vary
4.
Scenes 3 and 4- Why does Ramses II banish Moses from Egypt?
He feels threatened
5.
Scene 5- What convinces Moses to go back and lead the Hebrews out of Egypt?
The voice of God
6.
Scene 6- How does Moses plan to Convince Ramses II to free the Hebrews?
Plagues by using the power of God
7.
Scene 7- Describe the first Passover?
Will Vary
8.
Scene 8- Why does Ramses finally decide to release the Hebrews?
His son died/plagues
9.
Scene 9-10 Exodus parts one and two- How did the Hebrews escape Ramses II?
Parting the Red Sea
10.
Scene 11- Why is Moses Angry when he returns from the top of Mount Sinai?
The people have sinned.
Why can’t Moses go into the promise land with his people at the end of the movie?
He broke the ten commandments
Study Guide Phoenicians and Hebrews Quiz
Terms: Alphabet/ Colony / Judaism / Jerusalem / Monotheism/ Passover /
Peace Treaty/ Seafaring / Torah / Ten Commandments
People: Abraham / Moses / Yahweh
Things you should know:
Three things exchanged in trade
The modern day countries of Phoenicia and Palestine
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Phoenicians/Hebrews Study Guide
Monotheistic
Yahweh
Judaism
Abraham
Canaan
Directions: Read the paragraph below. Fill in the blanks with the word bank provided.
The story of the Israelites and their god is written in the Bible. It states that
__YAHWEH__, or God, made an agreement with __ABRAHAM___. Abraham and his
followers were to leave Ur and go to Canaan. There, they were to go worship and obey
Yahweh, the one true god. In exchange, Yahweh promised that they and their
descendants, or offspring such as children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and so
on, could always live in ___CANAAN___.
During ancient times, most people were polytheistic meaning that they believed
in many gods. These gods behaved like humans but were powerful. The Israelites,
however, believed that Yahweh was different from humans. He did not get hungry or
thirsty, marry or have children. According to the Israelites, Yahweh did only what was
just and right, even though he was powerful and could do whatever he wanted. The
Israelites believed in one god, so they were considered __MONOTHEISTIC_____. The
religion that they practiced was called __JUDAISM__.
Completion:
What are the three most important things exchanged through trade?
____GOODS_________
________IDEAS_______
_____CULTURE_____
Using at least three bullet points, describe Passover.
-
______WILL VARY ________________________________________________
-
BASICALLY STUDENTS SHOULD KNOW THAT THE PEOPLE NEEDED TO PUT
LAMB’S BLOOD OVER THEIR DOORS IN ORDER FOR THE ANGEL OF DEATH TO
PASS OVER THEIR HOUSE AND NOT KILL THEIR FIRST BORN SON
Name the modern day countries of:
1. Palestine- __ISRAEL__________
2. Phoenicia- ____LEBANON__________
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What was the most important contribution of the Phoenicians?
THE ALPHABET
What was the purpose of a peace treaty?
PROMISED THE FREE SHIPMENT OF GOODS IN RETURN THE OTHER COUNTRIES
AGREED NOT TO ATTACK THEM GUARANTEEING INDEPENDENCE.
The Israelites believe God gave them the ___TEN_____ _____COMMANDMENTS___,
which is a set of laws, through _____MOSES___, the leader of the exodus.
Define seafaring
PEOPLE WHO MAKE A LIVING FROM THE SEA
Define colony
A PERMANENT SETTLEMENT ESTABLISHED AWAY FROM BUT STILL UNDER THE
CONTROL OF A MOTHER COUNTRY
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