Download Chapter 6 Study Guide

Chapter 6 Test Study Guide
6.1 Vocab:
Root cap – protects the root from injury as the root grows through the soil
Cambium – layer of cells that divide to produce new phloem and xylem
Stoma – openings (pores) on the surface layers of the leaf; open and close to control when gases enter and leave
the leaf (close to conserve water)
Transpiration – process by which water evaporates from a plant’s leaves
Embryo – a young plant that develops from the zygote, or fertilized egg
Germination – occurs when the embryo begins to grow again and pushes out of the seed
Flower – the reproductive structure of an angiosperm
Pollination – the transfer of pollen from male to female reproductive structures
Sepals – protect the developing flower and are often green in color; leaf-like structure
Petal – generally the most colorful parts of a flower
Stamen – the male reproductive parts of a flower
Pistil – the female reproductive part of a flower; found in the center of most flowers
Ovary – hollow structure which protects the seeds as they develop; contains one or more ovules
*Roots anchor the plant, absorb water and minerals, and sometimes store food.
*The stem carries substances between the roots and leaves. It provides support for the plant and positions the
leaves to ensure sun exposure.
*Leaves capture the sun’s energy and carry out photosynthesis (the food-making process).
*Inside a seed is a partially developed plant. If a seed lands in favorable conditions, the plant sprouts out of the
seed and begins to grow.
*A typical flower contains sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils.
Seed dispersal is the scattering of seeds to other locations. There are many ways various seeds can be dispersed:
wind, water, animals, hook onto things, ejection.
Annual rings can tell us how old a tree is and reveal info about the conditions at the time of growth.
Stomata open to release water and oxygen and to take in carbon dioxide; they close to retain water.
6.2 Vocab:
Sporophyte – the plant produces spores or seeds, tiny cells that can grow into new organisms
Gametophyte – the plant produces two kinds of sex cells: sperm cells and egg cells
Annual – flowering plants that complete a life cycle within one growing season
Biennial – Angiosperms that complete their life cycle in two years
Perennial – flowering plants that live for more than two years
Fertilization – occurs when a sperm cell unites with a egg cell
Zygote – a fertilized egg; it results from fertilization
Cone – reproductive structures of gymnosperms; cones are covered with scales
Ovule – a structure that contains a egg cell
Fruit – a ripened ovary and other structures that enclose one or more seeds
*Plants have complex life cycles that include two different stages, sporophyte and gametophyte.
*All plants undergo sexual reproduction that involves fertilization; many plants can undergo asexual rep.
Angiosperms (flowering plants); gymnosperms (plants that typically produce cones)
Flowers eventually develop into fruit.
6.3 Vocab:
Larva-immature form of an animal; looks different from the adult
Polyp-a cnidarian body form that looks like an upright vase; usually adapted living attached to an
underwater surface
Medusa-a cnidarians body form that looks like an umbrella; adapted for free swimming lifestyle
External fertilization-when eggs are fertilized outside a female’s body
Internal fertilization-when eggs are fertilized inside a female’s body
Gestation period-the length of time between fertilization and birth in mammals (9 month in humans)
*Animals undergo either asexual or sexual reproduction to make more of their species.
Advantages of sexual reproduction: offspring may have characteristics that help them survive (genetic diversity)
Disadvantage of sexual reproduction: must find a mate; sometimes takes a long time
Advantage of asexual reproduction: one parent can reproduce quickly
Disadvantage: may pass of disadvantageous traits to their offspring (no genetic diversity)
6.4 Vocab:
Amniotic egg-an egg with a shell and internal membranes that keep the embryo moist; a major adaptation to life
on land characteristic of reptiles, birds, and egg-laying mammals
Placenta-an organ in most pregnant mammals, that links the mother and the embryo; allows for passage of
materials between them
Metamorphosis-a process in which an animal’s body undergoes major changes in shape and form during its life
cycle
Complete metamorphosis-a type of metamorphosis with four stages; egg, larva, pupa, adult
Pupa-the third stage of complete metamorphosis, in which a larva develops into an adult insect
Incomplete metamorphosis-a type of metamorphosis with three stages; egg, nymph, adult
Nymph-a stage of incomplete metamorphosis that usually resembles the adult insect
Tadpole-the larval form of a frog or toad
*The growing offspring, or embryo, may develop outside or inside the parent’s body.
*Young animals undergo changes in their bodies between birth and maturity, when they are able to reproduce.
*Most amphibians and reptiles do not provide parental care, while most birds and mammals do.