Download Phrases - Garnet Valley School District

CHAPTER 19- THE PHRASE
Phrase-
A group of related words used as a single part of speech that does not contain a ______ or its ___________.
1) Prepositional Phrase-
Includes a __________________, a noun or pronoun called the ____________________,
and any modifiers of that object.
Among the heroes of World War was my grandfather.
The book is about love and understanding.
Commonly Used Prepositions and Compound Prepositions
About
Above
Across
After
Against
Along
Among
Around
As
At
Before
Behind
Below
Beneath
According to
Along with
Apart from
Aside from
As of
Because of
A. The Adjective Phrase:

Beside
Besides
Between
Beyond
But (except)
By
Down
Like
Near
Of
Off
On
Out
Outside
By means of
In addition to
In front of
Under
Underneath
Until
Unto
Up
Upon
With
In place of
In spite of
Instead of
Within
Without
----------------------
Next to
On account of
Out of
An adjective phrase tells ______________________ and _____________________.
The actors in the magazine were very famous. (which one)
An adjective phrase always ______________ the word it modifies, even if it is the ___________________.
Heather kept a photo album of her journey through Europe.

Over
Past
Since
Through
Throughout
To
Toward
A ___________________________ that modifies a noun or pronoun.
Nick had a bag of candy. (what kind)

During
Except
For
From
In
Inside
Into
He sent poems to American magazines.
More than one adjective phrase may modify the same word.
Heather’s journey on horseback from Boston to New York was long and difficult.
B. The Adverb Phrase:

An adverb phrase tells:
____________

A ___________________________ that modifies a verb, an adjective or an adverb.
___________
____________
____________
_____________________
More than one adverb phrase can modify the same ________________. Unlike adjective phrases, an
adverb phrase can ______________ the word it modifies.
During the Civil War, Louisa May Alcott worked in a hospital as a nurse for six months.
2) Verbals and Verb Phrases:

Verbal: A form of a ______________ used as a ______________, ______________ or ______________.
The ____________________

The ____________________
The ____________________.
Verb Phrase: Consists of a ________________ and its __________________ and _________________.
The ______________________
A. The Participle:
The ______________________
The ______________________.
A verb form that is used as an _________________.
1) Present participles end in _____________.
Krista has taken singing lessons for years.
Screaming, the fans rushed the stage.
2) Most past participles end in ______ or ________. Others are irregularly formed.
The baked turkey tasted wonderful.
Confused and frightened, the kids ran.
chapter.
Define each given term in the
3) The perfect tense of a participle is formed with the helping verb having (having, having been).
Having worked all day, Christina was ready.
B. The Participle Phrase:
Having been washed, the car gleamed in the sun.
Consists of a __________________ and all the words related to the participle.
Speaking eloquently, Amanda dazzled the audience
Nodding his head, Kyle gave the answer
Encouraged by his family, Pat submitted his movie script
The teacher, often called Mr. L, loves books
Participles and participle phrases can be removed from a sentence and the sentence will still make sense.
C. The Gerund :
A verb form ending in ____________ that is used as a _____________.

Subject:
Swimming is great exercise.

P.N.:
Devon’s hobby is dancing.

Direct Object:
She loves dancing

O of P:
In cooking, use butter sparingly.

Indirect Object:
He gave hunting all his attention.
D. The Gerund Phrase :
Consists of a ________________ and all of the words related to the gerund.
Exercising regularly is important to your health.
My brother likes working at the gym.
An excellent way to build your vocabulary is reading good literature.
If a gerund or a gerund phrase is removed from a sentence, the sentence will not make sense.
E. The Infinitive:
A ____________________ that can be used as a _______________, _________________ or
_________________. An infinitive usually begins with _________.
1) Noun:
2) Adjective:
3) Adverb:

To fly was an ambition of many humans for centuries. (subject of was)

Some fish must swim constantly, or they start to sink. (DO of start)

My dream is to act. (PN identifying dream)

His attempt to fly was a failure. (modifies attempt- what kind?)

The person to ask is your father. (modifies person- which one?

He went into the woods to hunt. (modifies the verb went- why?)

John was willing to help. (modifies the adjective willing-to what extent?)
Do not confuse an infinitive with a prepositional phrase. Prepositional phrases end with a noun/pronoun.
F. The Infinitive Phrase :
Consists of an __________________ and all of the words related to the infinitive.
1) Infinitives may have ___________________ and ___________________.

To finish early is our plan. (subject of the verb)

Lindsey wants to go to the beach. (DO of the verb wants)

Napoleon’s plan to conquer Europe failed. (modifies the noun plan)

Andrew was unable to play in the game. (modifies the adjective unable)
2) At times the (to) within the infinitive is omitted

Let us (to) sit down.

Make him (to) stop that horse.

Will you help me (to) finish?
3) Appositives and Appositive Phrases:

Appositive: A ______________ or _______________ placed beside another noun or pronoun to
__________________or __________________ it.

An appositive usually _________________ the word it identifies or explains.
I read Richard Wright’s book Native Son.
Tom Clancy, my father, wrote many books.
Donovan McNabb, an NFL quarterback, has an excellent pass rating.

The Appositive Phrase :
Consists of an __________________ and its modifiers.
1. We visited Boston Harbor, the site of the Boston Tea Party.
2. I plan to have a party on January 1, 2005, the first day of the new year.
3. Colorado is home to Vail Mountain, the best place in the world to ski.
Phrase Review Sheet- True or False
1. Adjective and adverb phrases are always prepositional phrases.
2. An adjective phrase always follows the word it modifies even if that word is the object of the
preposition
3. An adverb phrase can precede or follow the word it modifies.
4. Adjective phrase modify by telling what kind or which one. Adverb phrase modify by telling
how, when, where, why, or to what extent.
5. The three types of verbals are the participle, the gerund and the infinitive.
6. Participles are verb forms used as adjectives. Most of the time they end in -d, -ed or -ing.
7. Participle phrases modify nouns and are usually off-set by commas.
8. Participle phrases can be removed from a sentence and the sentence will still make sense.
9. Gerunds are verb forms ending in -ing that are used as nouns.
10. Within a sentence, a gerund can be a subject, direct object, indirect object, predicate
nominative or object of the preposition.
11. Gerunds can be removed from a sentence and the sentence will still make sense.
12. An infinitive is a verb form used as a noun, adjective or adverb.
13. Infinitives usually begin with the word to.
14. Infinitive phrases can easily be confused with prepositional phrase.
Explain the answer to question 14 on the lines below.