Download 3.3 Plants flashcards

Plants Flashcards
1) What does a root do?
2) What consists of one main vertical root which
gives rise to lateral roots?
3) What does the taproot system do?
4) Why are root crops such as carrots, turnips, and
sugar beets harvested before they flower?
5) What is the system where no roots stand out as
the main one?
6) Why are grassroots particularly useful?
7) What is an organ system consisting of nodes (the
points at which leaves are attached), and
internodes (the stem segments between nodes).
8) What is in the angle formed by each leaf and the
stem?
9) What is an axillary bud?
10) What happens if the terminal bud is removed?
11) What is a horizontal stem that grows along the
surface of the soil?
12) What enable a plant to reproduce asexually, as
plantlets form at nodes?
13) What is an example of a plant with a stolon?
14) What is a horizontal stem that grows just below
the surface of the soil?
15) What is an example of a rhizome?
16) What is an enlarged end of a rhizome that has
become specialized for storing food?
17) What is an example of a tuber?
18) What is a vertical, underground shoot consisting
mostly of the enlarged bases of leaves that store
food?
19) What is an example of a bulb?
20) What is the main photosynthetic organ of most
plants, although green stems also perform
photosynthesis?
21) What do leaves generally consist of?
22) What leaves (like grass) have parallel major veins
that run the length of the leaf blade.
23) What leaves (like trees and most other plants)
generally have a multi-branched network of major
veins?
Absorbs minerals and water.
A taproot system.
Often stores organic nutrients that the plant consumes
during flowering and fruit production.
Because the taproot system stores organic nutrients in
the root part.
A fibrous root system.
They hold the top soil in place, preventing erosion.
The stem.
An axillary bud.
A structure that has the potential to form a lateral
shoot, commonly called a branch.
Stimulates the growth of axillary buds resulting in
more lateral shoots. That is why pruning trees and
shrubs and pinching back houseplants will make them
bushier.
A stolon.
The runners.
A strawberry.
A rhizome.
The edible base of a ginger plant.
A tuber.
A potato.
A bulb.
An onion.
The leaf.
A flattened blade and a stalk (the petiole).
Monocot leaves.
Eudicot leaves.
Plants Flashcards
24) What are modified leaves which allow a pea plant
to cling for support?
25) What are modified leaves which serve as
protection for a cactus?
26) What do succulent plants, such as the ice plant,
have?
27) The red parts of a poinsettia plant are often
mistaken for petals but are actually modified
leaves called what?
28) What do bracts attract?
29) Those leaves which produce tiny plantlets, which
fall off the leaf and take root in the soil are
modified for what?
30) The dermal tissue in non woody plants, which
usually consists of a single layer of tightly packed
cells is called?
31) Name the protective tissues in woody plants that
replace the epidermis in older regions of the stems
and roots.
32) In the epidermis of leaves and most stems what
waxy coating prevents water loss?
33) In plants, vascular tissue made of dead cells that
transport water and minerals from the roots is
called what?
34) Name the transport tissue of a plant that delivers
nutrients such as sugars from where they are
made (usually leaves) to where they are needed
(usually roots).
35) In plants, vascular tissue that consists of living
cells that distribute sugars throughout the plant is
called
36) Ground tissue that is internal to the vascular tissue
is called?
37) Ground tissue that is external to the vascular
tissue is called?
38) How long does it take Annuals to complete their
lifecycle (from germination to flowering to seed
production to death)?
39) How long do Biennials generally live?
40) Perennials live many years and include…?
41) What are the embryonic tissues that plants have
called?
42) What tissues of the plant are located at the tips of
the roots and in the buds of the shoots, and enable
the plant to grow in length (primary growth)?
Tendrils.
Spines.
Storage leaves for storing water.
Bracts.
Pollinators.
Reproduction.
Epidermis
Periderm
Cuticle
Xylem
Phloem
Phloem
Pith
Cortex
A single year or less
2 Years
Trees
Meristems
Apical Meristems
Plants Flashcards
43) What tissues of the plant allow for growth in
thickness? Also known as secondary growth.
44) In woody plants, the lateral meristems are
called_____, meaning an added layer of xylem
(wood).
45) What replaces the epidermis with periderm,
which is thicker and tougher?
46) Vascular tissue made of dead cells that transport
water and minerals from the roots is called?
47) The term used to describe “pushing the xylem sap
upward especially at night” is called what?
48) Root pressure can only force water upward a few
meters, and it cannot keep pace with transpiration
after sunrise. Xylem sap is pulled upward. This is
attributed to what biological term?
49) What is the vascular tissue that consists of living
cells that distribute sugars throughout the plant?
50) Gas exchange(transpiration) in plants occurs
through structures called what?
51) What do guard cells do?
52) What essential mineral nutrients from the soil, do
plants extract?
53) What is a deficiency of magnesium, a component
of chlorophyll, that causes yellowing of the
leaves?
54) What is a mixture of rock particles, living
organisms, and humus?
55) What is the remains of partially decayed organic
material called?
56) What does the texture of topsoil depend on?
57) What are the most fertile soils, that are made up
of equal amounts of sand, silt(medium-size
particles) and clay?
58) When farmers harvest of crop, what is removed?
59) Each year, soil fertility diminishes unless what is
used to replace these lost minerals?
60) What are commercially produced fertilizers are
enriched with?
61) What are the commercially produced fertilizers,
Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K),
labelled with?
62) What are thousands of acres of topsoil lost to each
year in the United States alone?
63) What certain precautions are used to prevent loss
of topsoil?
Lateral Meristems
Vascular cambium
Cork Cambium
Xylem
Root Pressure
Transpiration-cohesion-tension mechanism.
Phloem
Stomata
Balance water conservation during photosynthesis
Phosphorus and Nitrogen
Chlorosis
Topsoil
Humus
The size of its particles
Loams
Essential elements
Fertilizers
Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K)
A three-number code called the N-P-K ratio,
indicating the content of these minerals
Water and wind erosion
Planting rows of trees as windbreaks, terracing hillside
crops, and cultivating in a contour patterns.
Plants Flashcards
64) What crops provide good ground cover and
protect the soil better than corn?
65) What mineral has the greatest effect on plant
growth and crop yields?
66) What is nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
67) What improves the quality of the soil?
68) In this practice, a non-legume such as corn is
planted one year, and the following year alfalfa or
some other legume is planted to restore the
concentration of nitrogen in the soil. What is this
practice called?
69) What group of plants has mutually dependent
relationships with animals?
70) How do angiosperms disperse their seeds?
71) What do most angiosperms depend on for
pollination and see dispersal?
72) What do most land animals depend on for food?
73) What do gymnosperms supply?
74) What do flowering plants provide?
75) What refers to innovations in the use of plants or
substances obtained from plants to make products
that are useful to humans?
76) What is a form of biotechnology that refers to the
use of genetically modified organisms that
produce beneficial results?
77) What contain genes from particular bacteria that
produce a protein that repels insect pests?
78) One concern that certain molecules within a plant
cause allergies in humans is caused by what
process?
79) What is the concern about allergy molecules
being transferred to a plant?
80) Who removes the genes that encode for the
allergenic proteins from soybeans and crops?
81) The fear is that the undesirable weeds will
become resistant to insects, creating a ______ that
would be difficult to control in the fields.
82) Because of “superweeds” efforts are underway to
breed what into transgenic crops?
83) These plants will still produce seeds and fruit if
pollinated, but they will produce no _____.
Alfalfa and wheat
Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K)
The decomposition of dead vegetation by certain kinds
of bacteria
Crop rotation
Crop rotation
Angiosperms
They disperse their seeds by producing fleshy, edible
fruits that are consumed by animals which defecate the
seeds, seeds that sometimes attach to animals or seeds
may catch the wind.
Insects, birds, or mammals
Angiosperms
Most of our lumber and paper.
Nearly all of our food.
Plant Biotechnology
Genetic engineering
Transgenic Crops
Plant genetic engineering
People are concerned that the plant will be used for
food.
Biotechnologists
Superweed
Male sterility
Pollen
Plants Flashcards
84) According to the endosymbiotic theory of the
origin of chloroplasts, photosynthetic prokaryotic
cells were…?
85) Plants have always had _______, even before
they went from living in the oceans to living on
land.
86) What are the five key adaptations that plants had
to make in order to live on land?
87) The key step in adaptation of seed plants to dry
land was the evolution of what?
88) What are the two dominant types of seed plants?
89) What is the male organ in which pollen grains
develop?
90) What structure contains spores?
91) What is a stigma in a plant?
92) What part of the plant is the protective chamber
where the eggs develop?
93) Pollen grains develop in the _____ and are
trapped by the ______.
94) What are the green leaves that enclose the flower
before the flower opens?
95) What is usually the most striking part of the
flower, and functions to attract hummingbirds and
insects?
96) Plants dependent on nocturnal pollinators
typically have flowers that are ……?
97) What does an insect do when it comes to collect
the nectar, and picks up some pollen grains?
98) What usually occurs immediately after pollination
in angiosperms?
99) What consists of a stalk with the stigma at the top
(which catches the pollen) and an ovary at the
base?
100) What is the protective chamber where the eggs
develop?
101) The ripened ovary of a flower, which adapted
to disperse seeds, is called a _______.
102) Fruits protect and help do what?
103) These develop within fruits, and the fruits
develop at the base of the flower.
Were incorporated by larger cells
Chloroplasts
Flowers, dependent embryos, gametangia, vascular
tissues, and seeds
wind dispersed pollen
Conifers and angiosperms
Anther
A male sporangium
The female part of the carpal that receives the pollen.
Anther and stigma
Sepals
Petals
Highly scented
The insect carries the pollen grains to the stigma of
another flower.
Fertilization
Carpel
Ovary
Fruit
Disperse seeds
Seeds