Download Nehru Arts and Science College-TM palayam, Coimbatore 105 III B

Nehru Arts and Science College-TM palayam, Coimbatore 105
III B.Sc., Microbiology with Nanotechnology
Batch 2014-2017
Question Bank
Biomedical applications of Nanomaterials
Unit – I
Section – A
1. Modern medical treatment is because of the technology development in
(a) Genomics
(b) Proteomics
(c) Stem cells
(d) All the above
2. Nano is
(a) One tenth of a meter
(b) One hundredth of a meter
(c) One billionth of a meter
(d) One millinonth of a meter
3. Size of an atom is
(a) 0.4 nm
(b) 0.89 nm
(c) 1 nm
(d) 0.1 nm
4. Size of protein ranges from
(a) 1-10 nm
(b) 5-50 nm
(c) 100 nm
(d) 200 nm
5. Fluidic systems are used for
(a) Studying the flow of fluids in a body
(b) Study the nature of fluids
(c) Treat a disease related to body fluids
(d) Technique of collecting fluids from a system
6. AFM and STM are
(a) Methods of nanoparticle synthesis
(b) Fluorescence mechanisms
(c) Device for treatment
(d) Microscopic techniques for nanoparticle characterization
7. Expand MEMS
(a) Microelectro mechanical system
(b) Micro electrical system
(c) Mechanical micro chemical system
(d) Mechanical electrical modulatory system
8. Dendrimers are
(a) Polymers used for drug delivery
(b) Nerve systems
(c) Drug for treatment of nerve disorders
(d) Elastic systems
9. The process of a drug entering into the body is called
(a) Adsorption
(b) Metabolism
(c) Excretion
(d) Absorption
10 . The fraction of an administered dose of a particular drug that reaches the systemic
circulation is called
(a) Dosage
(b) Toxic concentration
(c) Bioavailable dose
(d) Minimum inhibitory concentration
11.The time required for the drug to reach the target is called
(a) On set time
(b) Off set time
(c) Dosage time
(d) Reaction rate
12 .A nanoparticle attaches to the surface of the cell and is engulfed into the cell by
(a) Endocytosis
(b) Phagocytosis
(c) Fusion
(d) Transportation
13 .The properties of nanocarriers are
(a) High intracellular uptake
(b) Penetrates sub mucosal layer
(c) Administered into systemic circulation
(d) All of the above
14 PEGylated TNF-alpha is a
(a) Drug
(b) Peptide
(c) Linker
(d) Nanoparticle
15 Nasal vaccination means
(a) Vaccine of respiratory tract
(b) Nasal Drug
(c) synthetic nose
(d) nanodrug for respiratory disorders
16 . Implantable sensors are made up of
(a) PEG
(b) PVC
(c) MEMS
(d) polymers
17.Functional electrical stimulation is used for treating
(a) Blood diseases
(b) Retinal
(c) paralysis
(d) bone disorders
18 .Cochlear implants contain how many electrodes?
(a) 72
(b) 24
(c) 128
(d) 4
19 . Nanorobots are used for
(a) sensors
(b) repairs
(c) tissue analysis
(d) surgical purpose
20. Quantum dots are used for
(a) Detect diseases
(b) Detect biological materials
(c) Tracking systems
(d) All the above
21 .Important application of imaging is
(a) To detect tissues
(b) To detect cancers and tumors
(c) Sensors
(d) To view body parts
22. Fullerens are
(a) polymers
(b) imaging systems
(c) drug carriers
(d) chemicals
23. PVA is a
(a) Polymer
(b) Tissue regeneration scaffold
(c) Corneal treatment aid
(d) Implant coatings
24. Nanosensor used to treat diabetes is
(a) Quantum dots
(b) Fullerenes
(c) PEG
(d) MEMS
25. In hearing loss patients, the problem lies in
(a) outer ears
(b) nerves
(c) sensory neurons
(d) cochlea
Section- II (5marks)
Answer any four of the following.
1. List out the importance of Nanomedicine Taxonomy.
2. Write short notes on drug delivery.
3. Write short notes on surgical robotics.
4. Write briefly on implant coatings.
5. Write notes on the nanoparticles used in imaging.
6. List some of the nanoparticles used in nanomedicine taxonomy with its uses.
Section- III (8 marks )
Answer any three of the following
1.
2.
3.
4.
Give an account on Biopharmaceutics.
Explain how nanoparticle is used as diagnostic tool?
Give an account on Implantable materials.
Explain how nanoparticles support surgery?
UNIT –II
Section – A
1 .A nonobiosensor that analyzes a biological system is called
(a) Transducer
(b) bioreceptor
(c) detector
(d) sensor
2. First report on nanobiosensor was during
(a) 1916
(b) 1956
(c) 1962
(d) 1969
3. Diameter of a nanotip sensor is
(a) 20 nm
(b) 30 nm
(c) 40 nm
(d) 10 nm
4. The sensing element present in FET is
(a) CNT
(b) nanowire
(c) resistor
(d) semiconductor
5. The challenges in designing a nanosensor is
(a) size
(b) cost
(c) reliability
(d) all
6. The methods of manufacturing a chemical sensor include
(a) vapour deposition
(b) electrodeposition
(c) printing
(d) all
7. Accumulation of a nanosensor in a location other than the target is called
(a) clogging
(b) deposition
(c) false positive
(d) none
8. The important application of a chemical sensor in medicine is
(a) detection of ions
(b) analysis of compounds
(c) metal oxide detection
(d) drug
9. The first force sensor used in medical field is
(a) gauge
(b) load cell
(c) MEMS
(d) resistor
10. Strain gauge measurement relies on measuring the change in_______ with respect to
applied force
(a) temperature
(b) volume
(c) heat
(d) magnetic field
11. Flexi force sensors consist of two layers of ___________ circuit
(a) silver
(b) gold
(c) polymer
(d) carbon
12. Diseases will start when ________ of the system imbalences
(a) energy
(b) ions
(c) polymers
(d) sensors
13. ASI means
(a) Atrial sensory index
(b) auricular stiffness index
(c) atrial stiffness index
(d) atrial sensory index
14. How many reflex points are there in a human body?
(a) 75
(b) 83
(c) 65
(d) 40
15. A device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy is called
(a) thermistor
(b) thermocouple
(c) RTD
(d) semiconductor
16. The shape of a thermistor is
(a) bead
(b) rod
(c) cylinder
(d) powder
17. Thermistor beads consist of a coating of
(a) carbon
(b) polymer
(c) metal oxide
(d) ions
18. Infra red sensors are used to measure
(a) concentration
(b) temperature
(c) electricity
(d) ions
19. Pressure measurement can be done by
(a) abosolute method
(b) differential method
(c) gauge measurement
(d) all
20. Pressure sensors are commonly used to measure
(a) blood pressure
(b) cardiac parameters
(c) respiratory parameters
(d) all
21. What is porous nano materials made up off
(a). Silicon
(b). Titanium
(c).Lead
(d) Gold
Section – B (5marks )
Answer the following questions
1. Explain the term Nanosensors and its properties
2. Explain different types of Nanosensors with suitable examples.
3. Explain the biological Nanosensors with an example
4. Explain force nanosensors with an example
5. Explain the use of thermosensor with a suitable example.
Section- C (8marks )
Answer the following questions
1. Discuss in detail what is meant by Electric and Magnetic sensing with a neat sketch.
2. Explain Cellular bio scanning with an example
3. Explain molecular nanosensors.
Unit – III
Section – A
Answer all the following questions
1 . The idea of using nanoparticles in drug delivery was proposed by
(a) greeks
(b) richard feynman
(c) aristotle
(d) none
2 .The progress of nanomedicine increased drastically after
(a) 1985
(b) 1993
(c) 2000
(4) 2003
3 . The study of biochemical reactions and physical parameters of a drug is called
(a) pharmacokinetics
(2) biochemistry
(c) biophysics
(c) all
4 . The favourable properties of nanoparticles that make them use in drug delivery are
(a) High surface to volume ratio
(b absorbs drug well
(c) penetrates through tissues
(d) all
5 .Liposomes are widely used in
(a) skin treatment
(b) bone fracture
(c) surgery
(d) anticancer drugs
6. The length of the polymer nanoparticles can be controlled by
(a) monomer/initiator ratio
(b) monomer/polymer ratio
(c) polymer/initiator ratio
(d) monomer ratio
7. In aqueous environment, polymers aggregate to form
(a) monomers
(b) initiators
(c) micelles
(d) dendrimers
8. Highly branched spherical nanopraticles are called
(a) dendrimers
(b) MEMS
(c) polymers
(d) spheres
9.Upon binding to _________ the micelles disintegrate
(a) fructose
(b) starch
(c) glucose
(d) lipids
10. Convective flow of nanoparticles are induced by
(a) blood
(b) lymph
(c) interstitial fluids
(d) all
11. Movement of particles away from vascular system is called
(a) convection
(b) diffusion
(c) bifurcation
(d) extravasation
12. A parameter important for characterizing nanoparticle is
(a) shape
(b) size
(c) material
(d) particle diameter
13. The study of flow of fluids is called
(a) toxicology
(b) rheology
(c) physiology
(d) biochemistry
14. Sulphur colloidal particles reach lymph after ________ time of IV injection
(a) 10 min
(b) 15 min
(c) 25 min
(d) 30 min
15. Collective movement of aggregates of molecules in fluids is called
(a) diffusion
(b) bifurcation
(c) convection
(d) extravasation
16. Random movement of particles as a result of collision is called
(a) diffusion
(b) brownian movement
(c) bifurcation
(d) extravasation
17. DEF means
(a) deposition enhancement factor
(b) deposit effective function
(c) deposition effective factor
(d) deposit enhancement function
18. CdSe particles has the medical application of
(a) sensing
(b) imaging
(c) diagnosis
(d) transport
19. PAMAM are
(a) spherical ligands
(b) nanosensors
(c) drugs
(d) lipids
20. Quantum dots are used for imaging
(a) ligands
(b) disease
(c) internal organs
(d) tumours
21. Particles that trap drugs are
(1) spheres
(2) tubes
(3) gold nanocages
(4) none
22. Nanocages are used for trapping drugs because they have
(a) light reaction
(b) drug modification
(c) controlled drug release
(d) cost effective
23. Multifunctional nanoparticles have
(a) imaging
(b) drug release
(c) cell penetration
(d) all
24. Multifunctional drug particles have _______ property
(a) magnetic
(b) electric
(c) dimensional
(d) sensing
25. Nanoparticles have the negative effect of producing
(a) ROS
(b) MOS
(c) COS
(d) toxin
Section- II (5marks)
Answer the following questions.
1. Describe the parameters used to define the flow of nanoparticles?
2. Give an account on the role of convection and diffusion in the flow of nanoparticles?
3. Describe the rheology of nanoparticles at the bifurcations?
4. Describe the types of polymer micelles with diagram?
5. How is a drug loaded inside the micelle?
Section- III (8marks)
Answer the following questions.
1. Describe the role of ligands on the nanoparticles? How do the ligands change the shape of
the particles?
2. Give an account on the biodistribution of polymer micelle and the drugs inside the target?
3 . Give an account on the drug delivery applications of micelles?
Unit – IV
Section – A
Answer all the following questions
1. A supramolecular structure generated from self assemblage of amphiphilic molecules is
called
(a) polymer (b) monomer (c) micelle (d) nanoparticle
2. Average number of monomers which from micelle at a time is called
(a) aggregation number (b) CMC (c) concentration (d) none
3. The concentration of the monomer at which the micelle form is called
(a) aggregation number (b) CMC (c) concentration (d) none
4. Polymer micelle has a _____ core and ___________ shell
(a) Hydrophilic, Hydrophilic (b) hydrophobic, hydrophobic (c) hydrophobic, hydrophilic
(d) hydrophilic, hydrophobic
5. The desired properties of a micelle are
(a) biocompatible (b) encapsulate variety of drugs (c) stable (d) all
6. Conventional micelle result from________ interaction between the monomers
(a) hydrophobic (b) ionic (c) covalent (d) hydrophilic
7. Polyionic complex micelle result from ________ interaction between the monomers
(a) hydrophobic (b) ionic (c) covalent (d) hydrophilic
8. The size of poly ion micelle ranges from
(a) 10-100 nm (b) 20-50 nm
(c) 50-200 nm
(d) 100-200 nm
9. Non covalent polymer micelle results from ________ interactions.
(a) hydrophobic (b) ionic (c) h-bond
(d) hydrophilic
10. The loading of drug into the micelle is done by
(a) direct dissolution (b) solvent casting (c) dialysis
(d) all
11. Polymer micelles are characterized by parameters like
(a) CMC (b) size (c) geometry
(d) all
12. Chemical conjugation method of loading drug into micelle was discovered in
(a) 1976 (b) 1953 (c) 1984 (d) 1990
13. Physical entrapment of drug into micelle follows the principle of
(a) oil in water emulsification (b) dialysis (c) conjugation (d) none
14. The extent of incorporation of drug into the micelle depends on
(a) micelle size (b) aggregation number (c) block length (d) all
15. Polyionic complexation of drug to micelle depends on
(a) ionic block length (b) charge density (c) ionic strength
(d) all
16. Low molecular weight drugs has the disadvantage of
(a) extravasation (b) renal clearance (c) toxicity (d) all
17.The diameter of the micelle core for loading low molecular weight drug is
(a) 10 nm (b) 30 nm (c) 50 nm (d) 100 nm
18. The diameter of the micelle core for loading high molecular weight drug is
(a) 10 nm (b) 30 nm (c) 50 nm (d) <100 nm
19. Elimination of micelle through renal excretion starts with breaking of polymers into
monomers of size
(a) 10-20 kda (b) 20-40 kda
(c) 30-40 kda (d) 40 kda
20. Passive targeting of micelle to tumor cells is based on ________ properties of tumor cells.
(a) rigidity (b) permeability (c) aggregation (d) multiplication
21. The micelles interact with ___________ receptors on the cell surface
(a) proteins (b) lipids (c) integrins (d) carbohydrates
22. Blood brain barrier restricts
(a) signal transduction (b) drug transport (c) nerve signalling (d) blood flow
23. Micelles can be labelled by simple compounds like _____ for imaging.
(a) carbon (b) iron (c) helium (d) iodine
24. Drugs that have reached clinical trials are
(a) doxorubicin
(b) pluronic micelle
(c) gentemol-PM
25. All the clinical trials of polymer micelle are in ________ phase.
(a) I (b) II (c) III
(d) IV
Section- II (5marks)
Answer the following questions.
1. Explain polymer micelles with a suitable example
2. Explain the role of polymer micelles as drug delivery tool.
3. Explain the process of drug loading and release
4. Describe pharmatokinetics with a suitable example.
(d) both a and c
Section- III (8marks)
Answer the following questions.
1. Discuss phramacokinetics with a suitable example.
2. Discuss the bio distribution of the drugs
3. Explain the applications of drug delivery in medical field
Unit – V
Section – A
Answer all the following questions
1. A shell of nanoparticles held by electrostatic force is called
(a) polymer micelle
(b) nanocapsule
(c) sensor
(d) ligand
2. The greatest advantage of nanocapsule is
(a) Drug is modified
(b) Capsule cannot be degraded
(c) Drug dose can be increased
(d) Ligands cannot be attached
3. Biodegradable shells of nanocapsules can be designed from
(a) polysaccharides
(b) peptides
(c) dextran
(d) all
4. Drug can be encapsulated inside the nanocapsules using
(a) potassium carbonate
(b) calcium sulphate
(c) calcium carbonate
(d) copper
5. Preliminary trial for nanocapsule has been done successfully for
(a) interleukins
(b) drugs
(c) interferons
(d) tissues
6. The disadvantage of subcutaneous injection of nanocapsule is
(a) poor delivery
(b) chemical reaction
(c) non degradable
(d) local inflammation
7. The core of nanocapsule is filled with water for encapsulating
(a) Hydrophilic drug
(b) Lipophilic drug
(c) Hydrophobic drug
(d) lipophobic drug
8. The core of nanocapsule is filled with oil for encapsulating _____ drug
(a) hydrophilic
(b) lipophilic
(c) hydrophobic
(d) lipophobic
9. In order to obtain good drug loading, the parameter to be considered is
(a) Drug should be small
(b) Drug should dissolve in water
(c) Drug should be stable
(d) Drug should not bind to wall of nanocapsule
10. The principle involved in designing core of the capsule is
(a) oxidation
(b) reduction
(c) hydrolysis
(d) emulsification
11. Oil containing nanocapsule is synthesized by
(a) Interfacial polymerization
(b) preformed polymers
(c) chemical reactions
(d) none
12. The difference between nanospheres and nanocapsule is
(a) shape
(b) size
(c) raw materials
(d) reaction
13. Alkylcyanoacrylates are polymerized by
(a) OH ions
(b) O2 ions
(c) C ions
(d) Mg ions
14. The parameter used for localization of drug inside the core of capsule is _____
potential
(a) alpha
(b) beta
(c) zeta
(d) gamma
15. Oligonucleotide drugs and polypeptides can be delivered by _____ emulsion
(a) W/O
(b) O/W
(c) W/W
(d) O/O
16.
The preformed polymer commonly used for synthesis of shell of nanocapsule is
(a) poly lactide
(b) poly alkyl
(c) poly amyl
(d) poly vinyl
17. Physical parameters of the shell and core can be studied by
(a) XRD
(b) NMR
(c) UV-Vis
(d) CD/ORD
18. Release of drug from the core is enabled by
(a) drug conc.
(b) porous shell
(c) solvent interaction
(d) none
19. The major application of nanocapsule is in _____ delivery
(a) ocular
(b) tissue
(c) organ
(d) solvent
20. The method of parenteral delivery of drug depends on the type of
(a) drug
(b) polymer
(c) solvent
(d) tissue
Section- II (5marks)
Answer the following questions.
1. Explain nanocapsules
2. Explain the role of nanocapsules as drug delivery mechanism
3. Explain the process of preparation of nanocapsules
4. Explain the properties of nanocapsules.
Section- III (8marks)
Answer the following questions.
1. Explain in detail about the drug release mechanism in nanocapsules
2. Explain the applications of drug delivery using nanocapsules.