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Age of Exploration - Prior to the Crusades Europeans did not travel or trade far from their manors. - During the Crusades Europeans traveled to the Middle East and learned about new fabrics (silks) and spices. - When Europeans went back home after the Crusades they realized they could trade silks and spikes from Asia to people in Europe and make a lot of money. o Muslims and Italians controlled the Silk Road – land route to Asia o Silk Road was dangerous and slow so people started looking for a better, faster, easier trade routes to Asia. –everybody wants to make money and get rich! New technologies make exploration easier: Caravel: faster sailing ship Magnetic compass: determine directions Astrolabe: determine latitude Mercator Projection: more accurate map system Printing press: books are published about exploration that make people curious De Gama (Portugal) sails east around Africa to India. Christopher Columbus (Spain) believed you could sail west across the Atlantic to reach Asia. Convinces Spain to fund his voyage and he “discovers” North and South America in 1492 His discovery sets off the Columbian Exchange – a worldwide exchange of goods o Positives: new food and crops o Negatives: Disease will kill many Native Americans Other countries begin to explore so they can find a Northwest Passage – an all water route through the Americas to Asia (spoiler alert: there is no Northwest Passage but Europeans spend A LOT of time looking for one!) Henry Hudson: o explores for England and the Netherlands o He is looking for a Northwest Passage. o Explores NYS o He is credited with discovering the Hudson River. Samuel de Champlain o explores for France o He is looking for a Northwest Passage o He is credited with exploring the Great Lakes and beginning the French trading city of Quebec in Canada. Giovanni da Verrazano o Explores for France o He is looking for a Northwest Passage o He is credited with exploring New York and Manhattan There are MANY explorers but what they all have in common is that they are looking for a Northwest Passage – an all water trade route to the Pacific Ocean and Asia.