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European Expansion
Chapter 2
1000-1300 CE
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Small Trade Expansion
Crusades to the Holy Land
Islam expands into Africa
Marco Polo Explores the Silk Road and China
Growth of Trade
• Merchants- Sellers who travel around the
world
• Merchants begin traveling and bringing things
back from their travels to sell to people
• Spices, silks, precious stones
Growth of Ideas
• The Renaissance explodes
The Original Big 3
• Spain
• England
• Portugal
Better Technology
• Better maps
– Astrolabe
• Better Ships
– Caravel
African Trading Kingdoms
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Ghana
Mali
Songhai Empire
Slave trade, spices, gold, diamonds, ivory
Sharia Law
Exploration
• The 3 G’s
• Competition for gold
Dividing the World
• Line of Demarcation
• Pope draws a line down the middle of the
Atlantic, Spain gets half, Portugal gets half
Amerigo Vespucci
• 1499
• Mapping South America
• Hey wait a minute, this isn’t Asia
Vasco de Nunez de Balboa
• Hears of a “great water” on the western side
of the continent
• Figures the land ends somewhere so I’ll try to
find it
• First European to see the Pacific Ocean from
the Americas
Ferdinand Magellan
• Wants to Circumnavigate the Globe
• The Ballad of Magellan
Spain in the New World
• We know Spain was very successful
• Look how many south and central American
nations speak spanish
• Encomienda System
– The right to collect taxes from the land you rule
– Turns the Natives into slaves
• Plantation system begins
Protestant Reformation
• Martin Luther
– Religion should be accessible and free, no sale of
indulgences
• John Calvin
– Your salvation is predecided
• King Henry VIII
– I want a divorce
Economics
• Mercantilism- A nations power is based on its
wealth
• The New World is seen as the land of
economic opportunity
• “Get Rich Quick” on resources
The Columbian Exchange
The Northwest Passage
• The Line of Demarcation leaves France,
Britain, and the Netherlands out of the
equation
• They settle where they want
Notable Explorers
• John Cabot
– Sent by England to find the “Northwest Passage”
– Italian
• Giovanni de Verranzo
– Sent by France to find the “Northwest Passage”
• Jacques Cartier
– French explorer, Looking for the “Northwest Passage”
• Henry Hudson
– Dutch sailor, looking for a water route to the Pacific
ocean
– Mutiny, set adrift, never seen again
French and Dutch Settlements
• French set up trading posts and begin to
develop a “friendly” relationship with the
Natives
• Dutch settle what is modern day New York
including the island of Manhattan and name it
New Amsterdam
– $23