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European Expansion Chapter 2 1000-1300 CE • • • • Small Trade Expansion Crusades to the Holy Land Islam expands into Africa Marco Polo Explores the Silk Road and China Growth of Trade • Merchants- Sellers who travel around the world • Merchants begin traveling and bringing things back from their travels to sell to people • Spices, silks, precious stones Growth of Ideas • The Renaissance explodes The Original Big 3 • Spain • England • Portugal Better Technology • Better maps – Astrolabe • Better Ships – Caravel African Trading Kingdoms • • • • • Ghana Mali Songhai Empire Slave trade, spices, gold, diamonds, ivory Sharia Law Exploration • The 3 G’s • Competition for gold Dividing the World • Line of Demarcation • Pope draws a line down the middle of the Atlantic, Spain gets half, Portugal gets half Amerigo Vespucci • 1499 • Mapping South America • Hey wait a minute, this isn’t Asia Vasco de Nunez de Balboa • Hears of a “great water” on the western side of the continent • Figures the land ends somewhere so I’ll try to find it • First European to see the Pacific Ocean from the Americas Ferdinand Magellan • Wants to Circumnavigate the Globe • The Ballad of Magellan Spain in the New World • We know Spain was very successful • Look how many south and central American nations speak spanish • Encomienda System – The right to collect taxes from the land you rule – Turns the Natives into slaves • Plantation system begins Protestant Reformation • Martin Luther – Religion should be accessible and free, no sale of indulgences • John Calvin – Your salvation is predecided • King Henry VIII – I want a divorce Economics • Mercantilism- A nations power is based on its wealth • The New World is seen as the land of economic opportunity • “Get Rich Quick” on resources The Columbian Exchange The Northwest Passage • The Line of Demarcation leaves France, Britain, and the Netherlands out of the equation • They settle where they want Notable Explorers • John Cabot – Sent by England to find the “Northwest Passage” – Italian • Giovanni de Verranzo – Sent by France to find the “Northwest Passage” • Jacques Cartier – French explorer, Looking for the “Northwest Passage” • Henry Hudson – Dutch sailor, looking for a water route to the Pacific ocean – Mutiny, set adrift, never seen again French and Dutch Settlements • French set up trading posts and begin to develop a “friendly” relationship with the Natives • Dutch settle what is modern day New York including the island of Manhattan and name it New Amsterdam – $23
