Download Review Documents #8: Chapter 16

Review Document #8: Chapter 16 and 17
Psychological Disorders / Therapies / Stress Management





_________ : manual for diagnosing mental illness / listing of symptoms
Four diagnostic criteria (UMAD):
Time period for clinical diagnosis: __________ (that symptoms must be consistently present)
Neurotic:
Psychotic:
Classifications of Disorders
Anxiety
 ________________ constant low level anxiety (patient doesn’t know cause, 2/3 are women)
 ________________ Acute episodes of intense anxiety without provocation (“feels like a heart attack”)
 ________________ anxiety focused on specific issue, event or situation
 ________________ type of phobia- fear of public places (particularly with sense of no exit)
 ________________ persistent uncontrollable thoughts = persistent uncontrollable actions (anxiety
drives compulsive behavior)
 ________________nightmares, flashbacks, social withdraw, insomnia…
 Behavioral (learning) perspective, biological perspective, cognitive perspective
Mood Disorders
 Major / Unipolar / clinical depression: “common cold” of disorders Neutrotransmitter =
____________
 _______________ : alternating states of mania and depression. Neurotransmitter =
________________
 ____________________ : depression related to a lack of light, or time of year
 Biological perspective, socio-cognitive perspective (cognitive triad, learned helplessness, explanatory
styles)
Somatoform Disorders
 ____________________ physical problem, psychological cause
 ____________________ exaggerated or psychologically created illnesses
 Psychoanalyst perspective vs. behavioral perspective
Dissociative Disorders (disruption of conscious processes- often from traumatic event)
 _____________________ : amnesia with no physiological explanation
 _____________________ : loss of identity and flee (“forget and flee”)
 ______________________ : multiple personalities (average 3-6)
 Psychoanalytic perspective
Schizophrenia (most severe of disorders: onset usually late teens early twenties)
 Symptoms: disordered, distorted thinking / delusions / hallucinations
 __________________: distorted language, word salad
 __________________: delusions of persecution, “out to get me”
 __________________: odd movements, waxy flexibility, motionless, parrot like repeating of words,
movements
 __________________ : disordered thinking, but not specific symptoms of others types of
schizophrenia
 __________________ : neurotransmitter
Biological perspective:
Personality Disorders (enduring, maladaptive behavior- “nurture based”)
 __________________: no fear, no shame / impulsive, no regard for others’ feelings
 __________________: self-love, see oneself as center of universe
 __________________: outrageous behavior to be center of attention (overly dramatic)
 __________________: intense emotional instability, self-mutilation
 Eating disorders / substance abuse disorders (addictions)
Types of Therapies
Psychoanalysis (Freud)
Major idea: conflict in the unconscious
Resistance
Transference
Free association, dream analysis, hypnosis, manifest / latent content
Only “true solution” vs. symptom substitution
Psychodynamic theorists:
Humanistic (Maslow, Rogers)
Critical themes: man’s nature is good, free will, self-fulfillment
___________________ = self-actualization
___________________ = unconditional positive regard, non-directive, active listening
Gestalt (Fritz Perls)
Combination of Psychoanalytic and Humanistic
The whole is greater than the sum of its ___________________ .
Healing a fragmented patient
Behavioral (Skinner)
_______________________________: classical conditioning (change negative CR with positive CS)
Example?
_______________________________ : step one = relaxation techniques / step two = anxiety hierarchy
(imagine only)
________________________________: pairing undesired behavior with unpleasant stimulus. Example?
Operant conditioning: ____________ economy
Cognitive (Beck)
Internal vs. external locus:
Learned helplessness:
Rational Emotive Therapy:
Eclectic therapy:
Biomedical Therapies
Antidepressants: Prozac, Zoloft
Anti-psychotics: Thorazine, Cloazpine
Anti-anxiety: Librium, Valium
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT = electric shock)
Psychosurgery: prefrontal lobotomy
Therapists:
Clinical psychologist
Psychiatrist
Counseling psychologist
Stress Management
GAS / General Adaptation Syndrome (Hans-Seyle) : How animals and humans react to stress
 ________________ : Activation of sympathetic nervous system (“get ready for the challenge”)
 ________________: Body remains physiologically ready (sustained arousal)
 ________________: extended arousal = vulnerability to disease (fatigue lowers immune system)
Type A vs. Type B Behavior (Type A + aggressive temperament = coronary heart disease)
Glucocorticoids: Endocrine response to stress: secretion of adrenaline and cortisol
Stress related illnesses: hypertension, headaches, coronary heart disease
Stress over prolonged periods can wear down the immune system = vulnerability to illness, disease