Download Cell Test 1 – Review Sheet

Name: _________________
Date: _________________
Period: ________________
1)
Semester 1 EOC Review Sheet
State the three parts of the Cell Theory:
a. All living things are composed of cells.
b. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things.
c. All cells are produced from other cells.
2)
What two organelles are only in a plant cell? Chloroplast and cell wall
3)
What organelle is larger in the plant than the animal? Why?
The vacuole so it can store water and food.
4) Explain the function(s) of the following organelles: (Be sure you can identify these in a picture!)
a. Nucleus- directs all of the cell’s activities
b. Mitochondria – the “powerhouses” of the cell that convert energy in food molecules to energy the
cell can use to carry out its functions
c. Cell membrane –the next barrier within the cell wall – all cells have membranes - controls what
substances come into and out of the cell
d. Chloroplast – green organelles in plants that capture energy from the sunlight and use it to produce
food for the cell
e. Cell wall – a rigid layer of nonliving material (composed of cellulose) that surrounds the cells of
plants and some other organisms
f. Vacuole – storage areas within the cell for food, wastes and water
g. Cytoplasm – the area between the nucleus and the cell membrane where the organelles are found.
5) What are specialized cells?
Cells that are shaped differently to perform a certain job or function.
6) Give three examples of specialized cells.
Nerve cells send messages, muscle cells allow for movement, red blood cells transport gases
7) Red blood cells lack a nucleus. What might they not be able to do?
Reproduce (mitosis), direct activities, have students give examples
8) In plants with a certain disease, the composition of the cell membrane is not normal. What process would
it have trouble doing? Any of these: Passive transport: osmosis and diffusion, Active transport and
Photosynthesis
9) Which part of the cell is semi-permeable and regulates the movement of molecules across it?
The cell membrane
10) Define homeostasis.
An organism’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment in spite of the changes in the external
or internal environments.
11) List the 5 levels of organization in order.
Cells – tissue – organs- organ system - organism
12) List and give an example of the four types of body tissues.
Muscular: heart, skeletal muscles, smooth muscle lines digestive tract
Epithelial: skin, lines organs
Nervous: brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves
Connective: bone, cartilage, blood, ligaments
13)
Cell Processes
a. What is selective permeability? The cell membrane allows some substances to pass through while
others cannot.
b. Define passive transport: the movement of dissolved materials through a cell membrane without
the use of cellular energy
ex. Define diffusion: the process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration
to an area of low concentration
Example of diffusion: candle, chocolate milk, air freshener, etc.
Draw a picture of diffusion and explain what is happening in the picture using the words high
concentration and low concentration
A substance in high concentration is moving to an area where it is in low concentration.
ex. Define osmosis: the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable
membrane.
Example of osmosis: drinking water, exhaling, body cells or red blood cells losing/gaining
water.
What conditions promote osmosis? The amount (concentration) of dissolved substances, the
amount (concentration ) of water.
Draw a picture of osmosis and explain what is happening in the picture using the words high
concentration and low concentration.
Water molecules moving across a semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration.
c. Define active transport: the movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy.
14) The movement of oxygen out of the lungs and into the blood happens because of __diffusion_______.
15) How does photosynthesis help living things?
It is the process that creates food so they can eat and oxygen they can break down food into a
useable form of energy.
16) What happens during photosynthesis?
a. What types of living things carryout photosynthesis?
Green plants or autotrophs
b. Definition: the process in which some organisms use water along with sunlight and carbon dioxide
to make their own food
c. Equation:
Light Energy
CO2 + 6 H2O

C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Carbon dioxide plus water and sunlight yields (in the presence of a chloroplast) glucose, oxygen
and chemical energy in the form of ATP
d. Organelle used: __Chloroplast__________________
e. Draw a picture of the organelle and label what goes in and what comes out:
17)
f. What would happen to the cell if this organelle stopped working?
It would no longer be able to convert sunlight energy into chemical energy. It would lose its source
of energy (fuel).
What happens during respiration?
a. What types of living things carryout cellular respiration?
All living things carry out cellular respiration. Autotrophs and heterotrophs (plants and animals).
b. Definition: using oxygen to transform glucose into chemical energy called ATP using an organelle
called a mitochondria. Water and carbon dioxide are released along with energy during this process.
c. Equation:
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 +
6H2O + energy (ATP)
Glucose plus oxygen yields Carbon dioxide, water, and energy
d. Organelle used: _mitochondrion.
e. Draw a picture of the organelle and label what goes in and what comes out:
f. What would happen to the cell if this organelle stopped working?
The organism would not be able to convert food energy into chemical energy and all cell/life
processes would stop. The organism would not be able to survive.
18) What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
The two are reciprocal or reverse processes. The products of one process are the raw materials of the
other.
19) Plants undergo both photosynthesis and respiration. What do plants release during photosynthesis and
then use during respiration? Oxygen
20)
The six characteristics of living things:
1. cellular organization
2. reproduction
3. responds to the environment
4. growth and development
5. energy use
6. chemicals of life
21)
4 Basic needs of all living things:
1. Food
2. Water
3. Shelter
4. Oxygen
22) Explain how to find the total magnification of a specimen when viewed using the microscope:
Eyepiece magnification X Objective lens magnification = total magnification.
Use the table above to answer the following questions.
23) What is the manipulated variable? The type of organism
24) What is the responding variable? The number of organisms in a field.
25) What conclusions can be drawn from the data? There are more organisms in a field in the month of July
compared to May and September. Grasshoppers, birds and spiders are highest in number during the
month of July.
For the table and image above:
26) What is the manipulated variable? Water temperature
27) What is the responding variable? Carbon dioxide produced per minute
28) What conclusions can be drawn from the data? 40oC (warm water) is the temperature that produces the
most carbon dioxide bubbles per minute.
29) Does the experiment demonstrate cellular respiration or photosynthesis? How do you know? Cellular
respiration because carbon dioxide is also produced as a result of this chemical process.
30) Name a specialized cell and organ for one of the systems and explain how its form helps its function.
(see specialized cell notes or system notes)
Cell: __Neuron
Organ: _Brain/Spinal cord
Form helping function: the long axon allows for chemical messages to be sent quickly, the finger like
structures of the dendrites quickly and accurately receive messages.
31) For each solution in the chart above, identify if it is hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic and draw a picture
for each (Egg Osmosis Lab).
Solution 1: ___Hypotonic_____________
Solution 2: _____Isotonic___________
Solution 3: _____Hypertonic___________
For the chart above:
32) What is the manipulated variable? _type of bread________________________
33) What is the responding variable? ___presence of mold_______________________
34) What should be changed about this experiment to make it more accurate? The temperature should be
constant so the only variable is the type of bread.
For the chart above:
35) What is the manipulated variable? ___the color of the light______
36) What is the responding variable? ____the mass of the plant______
37) What conclusions can be drawn from the data? White light produces the greatest increase in plant mass.
38) Briefly describe the function of each of the following systems:
Circulatory – transports nutrients throughout the body.
Skeletal- provides shape, support, protection, storage of fats and minerals, produces blood cells.
Respiratory – allows for exchange of gases with the environment to support cellular respiration.
Muscular – enables movement, generates heat.
Nervous – sends and receives messages both internally and externally with the environment.
Digestive – breaks down food into a useable form the body cells can use.
Excretory – eliminates excess water, mineral and nitrogen (urea).
39) Explain how plants have the ability to perform similar functions by describing the organs/tissues that
allow it to do so:
Organ/Tissue Used
How does it carryout a similar
function in plants as in animals?
Roots, root hairs (epidermal cells)
Plants absorb water from soil using
Obtaining nutrients
Circulation of materials
Xylem (water and minerals) and phloem
(sugars) leaves (stomata) gas exchange
Support
Woody and herbaceous stems
Gas Exchange
Leaves are the organs where gas
exchange occurs, stomata and guard
cells are the specialized cells where
oxygen and carbon dioxide are
exchanged with the environment.
roots and osmosis, we use the digestive
system to absorb water and osmosis
transports water to body cells.
Materials are actively and passively
transported to cells using a system of
vessels, we use arteries, capillaries and
veins. Also, epidermal cells line plant
and animal tissue so that diffusion and
osmosis can take place.
Plants use chitin and cellulose to
provide support for the organism, this
is more of an exoskeleton, we use an
endoskeleton made of calcium.
We use lungs and a system of tubes
called bronchi/bronchioles that
transport gases and allow gases to be
exchanges in the ends of the tubes
called alveoli.