Download Study Guide and calendar for Geology Chapter One Spring 2012

Study Guide and calendar for Geology Chapter One Spring 2012
The following are topics on the multiple choice part of the test.
1
The four major spheres of the Earth:
2 Plate tectonic theory:
3 Destructive forces versus constructive forces: Know examples of each.
4 Definition of latitude and longitude and how to locate on a map:
5 Topographic maps: symbols, contour lines
6 Layers of the earth and what caused Earth to develop layers as it cooled:
7 Know the name of the tectonic plate that the United States is part of and the adjoining
plate by California.
8 Define and give an example of Renewable and Nonrenewable resources
9 Understand Earth’s systems and what is meant by an open system vs. a closed system.
These are skills that will help you with the short essays.
10 Observe, infer, collaborate and hypothesize.
11 Be able to confidently RAP short answers and essays
APPLICATION QUESTIONS (these are the essay questions on the chapter exam)
Always explain your reasonings using the R.A.P. method of essay construction. R= Restate the
question in the answer. A= Answer the question using unit vocabulary words and their
definitions. P= Prove understanding by giving examples or supporting details for each
vocabulary word or concept.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory and give an example of each.
Why is it important to study all of Earth’s spheres?
Explain why earth is called a dynamic planet?
What problems have map makers faced over the years?
Be able to list the “big ideas” in geology
Chapter one calendar
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
1/2
1/3
1/4
1/5 A
1/6 A
□Class Forms
□ Getting to know you
Safety Quiz
Parent forms all due
□ Reading ch 1 class
time
ball game
1/9shortA
Review
ch1-1
1/10 B
1/11 cgC
□ Reading Questions
□ Color the plate tectonic maps
1/12B
1/13C
1st per □Topographic map
□ Amazing Planet – Destructive forces
□ Amazing Planet -Born of Fire
1/16 MLK 1/17B
1/18C
no school! □ Big Ideas in Earth Science
□
1/19 B
□ Review for exam
1/20C
Pie slice of Earth
□ Chapter 1 Exam
1/23A
□Start
chapter 2
1/24B
1/25 C
1/26 B
1/27 C
Geology Chapter 1 Reading Questions
Name ____________________
Pages 2 – 6
1. Define Earth science?
2. What are the two main areas of geology? What do they study?
__________________________studies__________________________
_________________________studies___________________________
3. What does the nebular hypothesis suggest about the formation of the solar system?
4. Why does the earth have layers?
5. Explain why Earth is called a “dynamic planet.” What does dynamic mean, & why is the
Earth dynamic?
Pages 7-10
6. Name and describe the four major spheres into which Earth is divided.
a.____________________________which________________________
b._____________________________which______________________
c._____________________________which_________________________
d._____________________________which__________________________
7. Draw and describe the three main parts of the solid Earth?
8. What theory explains the position of continents and the occurrence of volcanoes and
earthquakes?
9. Make a Venn Diagram to compare destructive forces and constructive forces, define and
give examples.
10. Describe a situation in your life where two or more of Earth’s spheres are interacting?
Each example may only be used by one student, so get my initials to show you were the
first with your idea.
Pages 11-17
11. What lines on a globe are used to indicate location?
12. What does that song mean when it says “Changes in latitude, changes in attitude”?
13. Make a map of this room. What problems do you have?
14. What problems do professional mapmakers face when making maps?
15. How do topographic maps differ from other maps?
16. What is the purpose of contour lines on topographic maps?
17. What type of advanced technology is used in mapmaking today?
Pages 18 – 22
18. How is Earth a system?
19. Where does the energy come from that powers Earth’s systems?
20. How do renewable and nonrenewable resources differ?
21. Is it possible for humans to have no effect on any of Earth’s systems?
22. How can scientists help to prevent a natural process from becoming an environmental
hazard?
Pages 23-25
23. What is a hypothesis?
24. What is a theory?
25. How does the common use of the word theory differ from the scientific one?
Mini Lab – Formation of the Earth
Name ________________________
Geology - Chapter 1 Follow the directions and answer the questions. Short answer is fine.
1. Observing: Look at the flask with the solid material. Describe what you see.
2. Gently swirl the solid material. Describe the motion of the material.
3. Making sure the stopper is in place, shake the flask several times and the set on a level
surface. Do the solid materials separate into layers? What keeps the materials from
separating into layers since the beans, corn and salt have different densities?
4. Looking at the flask with the liquid material. Describe what you see.
5. Gently swirl the material. Describe the motion of the material.
6. Making sure the stopper is in place, shake the flask several times and then set on a level
surface. Wait approximately 5 min. and return to answer this question. Do the liquid
materials separate into layers? What causes the liquids to become layers again?
7. Inferring; Thinking about the two flasks, what state was Earth most likely in when it
separated into layers when if formed? Explain.
8. Observing: Take the rheoscopic fluid bottle and give it a good shake. Place it on a table
and watch what happens to the material inside. Describe what you see.
9. Why does Earth have layers?
10. Inferring: How do you think the Earth’s atmosphere and hydrosphere formed?
Pie Slice of the Earth Questions
Name ______________________
Using the model of the Earth, please answer the following:
1. What is the temperature of the inner core?
2. What is the density of the inner core?
3. What causes the inner core to be a solid?
4. What two elements make up the composition of the core?
5. Why do you think the core is composed of these two elements?
6. What generates the Earth’s magnetic field?
7. What percentage of the Earth’s mass is found in the core?
8. What is the temperature of the mantle?
9. What is the density of the mantle?
10. What elements are found in the mantle?
11. What is the Gutenberg Discontinuity?
12. What is the Mohorovicic Discontinuity?
13. What percentage of Earth’s mass is the crust?
14. What is the density of the crust?
15. What drives the movement of the crustal plates?
Maps and Mapping
1
No matter what kind of map is made, some portion of the surface will always look either
too small, too big, or out of place.
2 Topographic maps differ from other maps because topographic maps show elevations
using contour maps. These types of maps are important for geologists who are
interested in the three-dimensional lay of the land.
3 The elevation of the land is indicated by using contour lines. Every position along a single
contour line is the same elevation. Every fifth line is bold and labeled with the elevation.
It is called an index line. Lines that are close together indicate a steep slope. Contour
lines that form a circle represent a hill. A depression is represented by circular
contours that have hachure marks which are small lines on the circle that point to the
center. Contour lines never touch or intersect, except where there is a vertical cliff.
Discussion Questions:
1. Describe the shape of the top of Taum Sauk Mountain.
2. What is the elevation of the Lookout Tower?
3. What is the highest elevation on Taum Sauk Mountain?
4. Which side would be the hardest to climb if you were a hiker?
Earth as a System
The Earth system is powered by energy from two sources. One source is the sun, which drives
external processes that occur in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and at Earth’s surface. Earth’s
interior is the second source of energy. Humans are part of the Earth’s system. Our actions
produce changes in all of the other parts of the Earth System.
Discussion Questions:
1. When we burn gasoline, build breakwaters along a shoreline, dispose of waste, and clear
the land, we cause other parts of the Earth system to respond. What other things do
people do that results and a change in the Earth’s systems?
2. What natural events have resulted in a change of the Earth systems?
Resources
Resources are commonly divided into two broad categories – renewable resources and
nonrenewable resources. Renewable resources can be replenished over relatively short time
spans. Nonrenewable resources include oil, natural gas and coal. Although theses and other
resources continue to form, the processes that create them are so slow that it takes millions of
year for significant deposits to accumulate.
Environmental Problems
In addition to searching for minerals and energy resources, the Earth Scientist must also deal
with environmental problems. Significant threats to the environment include air pollution, acid
rain, ozone depletion, and global warming. As pollution grows, pressures on the environment will
increase.
Discussion Questions:
1. Is it possible for humans to have no effect on any of Earth’s systems?
2. What environmental problems have occurred in your area of the world? In your state?
In your city?