Download Physics Final Exam Review Packet

Name _____________________
Period _________
Physics
Mr. Harper
Physics Final Exam Review Packet
Chapter 2 – One Dimensional Motion
Definitions (write the definition of each of the following terms)
Displacement
Velocity
Acceleration
Gravity
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
What are the vertical velocity and acceleration of an object at the highest point of its trajectory?
Will all objects released from rest fall at the same rate? Does air resistance make any difference?
If my velocity is positive and my acceleration is negative, am I speeding up or slowing down?
Chapter 3 – Two Dimensional Motion
Definitions
Horizontal Projectile Motion
Angular Projectile Motion
Relative Motion
Without friction, will the horizontal velocity of a projectile stay constant or change? What happens when
friction is included?
What angle will give the most distance for angular projectile motion on flat ground?
If a plane drops a package directly over a target, will the object hit the target? Why or why not?
If two objects are rolled off of a table with different velocities, which object will land first?
Explain the steps for adding two non-perpendicular vectors.
Chapter 4 – Forces and Laws of Motion
Definitions
Force
Inertia
Net Force
Equilibrium
Normal Force
Coefficient of friction
What are Newton’s 3 laws?
What are the two types of forces?
What is the difference between a force diagram and a free body diagram?
What is the difference between mass and weight?
What are the two factors that determine the friction force between two surfaces?
What are the four types of friction, and which is the largest? Is it always?
Chapter 5 – Work and Energy
Definitions
Work
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Elastic Potential Energy
Mechanical Energy
Power
Do all forces do work? List the two conditions for a force to do work.
What two factors affect the kinetic energy of an object?
Is mechanical energy always conserved? Explain why or why not.
What causes the total energy of an object to change?
Chapter 6 – Momentum and Collisions
Definitions
Momentum
Impulse
What are the three types of collisions? Explain each.
Using F∆t = ∆p, explain how an airbag can save someone’s life.
For which types of collisions is momentum conserved? What about kinetic energy?
Chapter 7A – Circular Motion & Gravitation
Definitions
Centripetal Acceleration
Centripetal Force
Why is it necessary to have a force to maintain circular motion?
What is the Universal Law of Gravitation and how does that affect the earth? How about the moon?
Chapter 7B – Rotational Kinematics
Definitions
Arc Length
Angular Displacement
Angular Velocity
Angular Acceleration
Tangential Velocity
Tangential Acceleration
What units should be used for angular displacement?
What are the three “bridges” or relationships between linear and rotational motion?
Chapter 7C – Rotational Mechanics
Definitions
Torque
Axis of Rotation
Center of Mass
Moment of inertia
Rotational Equilibrium
What are the three factors that affect torque?
An object thrown into the air will always rotate around what point?
What factors affect the moment of inertia for an object?
What is Newton’s second law for rotation?
What two factors affect the angular momentum of an object? Explain how an ice skater can change the speed
of his/her spin.
When an object is rolling across the floor, what types of energy does it have?
Chapter 8 – Fluid Mechanics
Definitions
Fluid
Mass Density
Buoyant Force
Pressure
What is Archimedes’ principle?
When will the buoyant force equal the weight of the object?
What determines if an object will float in a liquid?
Explain how pressure is affected by depth.
Explain where atmospheric pressure comes from.
What is the ideal gas law and what are the relationships between volume, pressure, temperature, and number
of molecules?
How is pressure affected by area? Give an example of how this is applied in real life.
Chapter 9 – Heat
Definitions
Temperature
Internal Energy
Heat
Specific Heat
Calorimetry
Latent Heat
Sensible Heat
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Heat of Fusion
Heat of Vaporization
What causes heat to flow from one object to another?
What are the three temperature scales, and what points are they based on?
Explain what is happening to the molecules when heat is added to change ice at –25 ºC to steam at 125 ºC.
Problems – Do problems on a separate sheet, show all work, and circle answers.
1. A ball is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 25.0 m/s from a height of 2.0 m.
a. How long does it take to reach its highest point?
b. How high does the ball rise?
c. How long does the ball take to hit the ground after it reaches the highest point?
d. What is the ball’s velocity when it returns to the height of 2.0 m?
2. A newspaper boy walks North for 2.5 miles and then walks West for 6.3 miles. What is the resulting
displacement for the boy? What was the distance traveled?
3. A daredevil is shot out of a cannon at 45.0° to the horizontal with an initial speed of 25.0 m/s. A net is
positioned a horizontal distance of 50.0 m from the cannon. At what height above the cannon should the
net be placed in order to catch the daredevil?
4. A 1200 kg boat moves through the water with two forces acting on it. One is a 2100 N forward push by the
motor and a 1800 N resistive force due to the water.
a. What is the acceleration of the boat?
b. If it starts from rest, how far will it move in 10.0 s?
c. What will its velocity be after the 10.0 s?
5. A girl sleds down a large hill. Her velocity at the bottom of the hill is 7.0 m/s. She then slides along a
horizontal field. If the girl and the sled together weigh 645 N, and the coefficient of kinetic friction
between the runners and the snow is 0.050, how far will she travel until she comes to rest?
6. A catcher “gives” with a baseball when catching it. If the baseball exerts a force of 475 N on the glove, so
that the glove is displaced 10.0 cm, how much work is done by the ball?
7. How fast would you be traveling at the bottom of a roller coaster's hill if you were traveling at 25.0 m/s at
the top of the 100.0 m high hill? The mass of the car with you is 800.0 kg.
8. A 0.40 kg soccer ball approaches a player with a velocity of 18 m/s. The player strikes the ball and causes it
to move in the opposite direction with a velocity of 22 m/s. What impulse was delivered to the ball? If the
impulse happened in 0.10s, what was the force applied by the player?
9. A 1550 kg car moving south at 10.0 m/s collides with a 2550 kg car moving north. If both cars are traveling
north at 5.22 m/s after the collision, what was the initial velocity of the 2550 kg car?
10. A merry-go-round makes 12.5 revolutions in a total time of 3.6 s. If the merry-go-round started at rest,
what are the final velocity and acceleration of the merry-go-round?
11. Calculate the force of gravity for a 67.5 kg person standing on Mars, which has a mass of 6.34 x 10 23 kg and
a radius of 3.43 x 106 m. (G = 6.673 x 10-11 N*m2/kg2)
12. A monster truck accelerates from rest at 3.0 m/s2. If the truck’s tire has a radius of 1.1 m, how fast will the
tire be spinning after 5.0 s? What centripetal force holds a 0.020 kg rock stuck in the tire at the 5.0 s mark?
13. A bowling ball, (I = 2/5 mr2) with a mass of 7.24 kg and a radius of 18 cm, is released from the top of the
ball return, which is 1.00 m above the bottom. What are the linear and angular velocities when the ball
reaches the bottom of the return? Will all bowling balls have the same velocities?
14. A boy is spinning a merry-go-round (I = ½ mr2). The merry-go-round has a mass of 90.0 kg and a radius of
2.25 m. If he applies a force of 30.0 N at an angle of 85.0° to the radius how fast will the merry-go-round
be spinning after 10.0 s if it started from rest?
15. A 700.0 N window washer is standing on a scaffold supported by a vertical rope at each end. The scaffold
weighs 200.0 N and is 3.00 m long. What is the force in each rope when the window washer stands 1.00 m
from one end?
16. What is the pressure on a fish that lives 600.0 m deep in the ocean?
17. A sailboat with a total volume of 20.0 m3 is able to hold a load of 4560 N (not including the sailboat) before
it sinks in saltwater. What is the density of the empty boat?
18. A tank contains air at a pressure of 2500 psi at an initial temperature of 26 °C. If the temperature of the
gas increases to 32 °C, what would the pressure be?
19. If 1 million joules of heat is added to a 2.0 kg block of ice originally at –25 °C, what will be the phase and
final temperature of the H20?
20. A 0.225 kg sample of tin is heated to 97.5 °C. It is then dropped into 0.115 kg of water at 10.0 °C. If the
equilibrium temperature is 18.5 °C, what is the specific heat for tin?
Answers to the problems:
1. a. 2.55 s
b. 31.8 m
c. 2.62 s
d. 25.0 m/s
2. 6.8 miles 68° West of North; 8.8 miles
3. 10.9 m high
4. a. 0.25 m/s2
b. 12.5 m
c. 2.5 m/s
5. 50 m
6. 47.5 J
7. 50.9 m/s
8. 16.0 kg m/s ; 160 N
9. 14.5 m/s North
10. 43 Rad/s ; 12 Rad/s2
11. 243 N
12. 14 rad/s ; 4.1 N
13. 3.74 m/s ; 21 Rad/s ; linear – yes, angular - no
14. 2.95 Rad/s
15. Force in rope far from window washer = 333 N; Force in rope near window washer = 567 N
16. 6.13 x 106 Pa
17. 1.00 x 103 kg/m3
18. 3100 psi
19. 27 °C
20. 230 J/kg C°