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Environmental Science Name ______________________________ Period __________ Date ________ Chapter 3 Test Review Section: The Geosphere MATCHING In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description. _____ 1. volcanic ash mixed with water during an eruption a. crust _____ 2. the mixture of gases that make up the air we breathe b. mudflow c. atmosphere _____ 3. melted rock _____ 4. Earth’s thin outer layer d. erosion _____ 5. removal and transport of surface material by wind or water e. magma MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one best response. Write the letter of that choice in the spaceprovided. _____ 6. What often occurs at tectonic plate boundaries? a. increasing air pressure b. thinning of the biosphere c. mountain building d. increased erosion _____ 7. What physical layer of Earth is located beneath the lithosphere? a. asthenosphere c. mesosphere b. inner core d. outer core ______ 8. What type of system is Earth? a. layered b. integrated c. related d. compressed _____ 9. What is the estimated temperature of Earth’s inner core? a. 4,000°C to 5,000°C b. 3,000°C to 4,000°C c. 400°C to 500°C d. 300°C to 400°C _____ 10. How did the Himalayan Mountains form? a erosion b. convection c. glacial movements d. colliding tectonic plates Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Environmental Science 16 The Dynamic Earth SECTION 2: THE ATMOSPHERE MATCHING In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description. _____ 1. electrically charged atoms _____ 2. how air is heated near Earth’s surface _____ 3. one of the most abundant greenhouse gases _____ 4. the coldest layer of Earth’s atmosphere a. b. c. d. e. ions troposphere conduction methane mesosphere _____ 5. the layer of Earth’s atmosphere closest to the surface MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one best response. Write the letter of that choice in the space provided. _____ 6. In the troposphere, which of the following decreases as altitude increases? a. temperature b. radiation c. pressure d. both (a) and (c) _____ 7. What gas do animals exhale? a. methane b. oxygen c. carbon dioxide d. nitrogen _____ 8. How many oxygen atoms are in an ozone molecule? a. two b. three c. four d. one _____ 9. What does the ozone layer absorb? a. ultraviolet radiation b. ions c. aerosols d. greenhouse gases _____ 10. What is the second most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere? a. nitrogen c. carbon dioxide b. oxygen d. methane Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Environmental Science 17 The Dynamic Earth Section 3: The Hydrosphere and Biosphere MATCHING In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description. _____ 1. water used for drinking and agriculture _____ 2. the warm, top layer of ocean water _____ 3. what green plants need to produce their food _____ 4. a network of streams that drains an area of land a. groundwater b. river system c. hytoplankton d. sunlight e. surface zone _____ 5. tiny, free-floating, marine algae MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one best response. Write the letter of that choice in the space provided. _____ 6. The average salinity of seawater by weight is a. 0.35 percent. b. 3.5 percent. c. 35.0 percent. d. None of the above _____ 7. With respect to energy, Earth is a(n) a. layered system. b. integrated system. c. open system. d. closed system. _____ 8. Where do organisms obtain the energy they need? a. biosphere b. hydrosphere c. atmosphere d. lithosphere _____ 9. What is the second largest ocean on Earth? a. Arctic Ocean b. Indian Ocean c. Pacific Ocean d. Atlantic Ocean _____ 10. Deep currents flow along the a. ocean floor. b. ocean surface. c. thermocline. d. halocline. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Environmental Science 18 The Dynamic Earth Chapter 3 Concept Review MATCHING In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description. _____ 1. boundary between warm and cold water in an ocean or a lake _____ 2. the pieces that compose the lithosphere _____ 3. a mountain built from magma _____ 4. transfer of energy through space _____ 5. water movements in the ocean that are driven by the wind _____ 6. layer of Earth between the crust and the core _____ 7. a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms _____ 8. smaller streams or rivers that flow into larger ones a.mantle b.ozone c.fault d.salinity e.tributaries f.tectonic plates g.thermocline h.volcano i.surface currents j.radiation _____ 9. the total quantity of dissolved salts in the ocean _____ 10. break in Earth’s crust MULTIPLE CHOICE In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. _____ 11. The part of Earth that contains the air we breathe is called the a. hydrosphere. c. geosphere. b. atmosphere. d. envirosphere. _____ 12. The thin outermost layer of the solid Earth is called the a. asthenosphere. c. outer core. b. mantle. d. crust. _____ 13. An earthquake of magnitude 5.0 releases how much more energy than an earthquake of magnitude 4.0? a. twice the energy b. three times the energy c. one hundred times the energy d. none of the above Concept Review continued _____ 14. Volcanoes occur at tectonic plate boundaries that are a. colliding. b. slipping past one another. c. separating from one another. d. Both (a) and (c) _____ 15. The removal and transport of surface material by wind and water is called a. seismicity. b. erosion. c. tectonics. d. vulcanism. _____ 16. The stratosphere is the atmospheric layer above the a. troposphere. b. ionosphere. c. mesosphere. d. thermosphere. _____ 17. Which of the following gases is an important greenhouse gas? a. hydrogen b. nitrogen c. carbon dioxide d. oxygen _____ 18. The most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere is a. oxygen. b. carbon dioxide. c. nitrogen. d. hydrogen. _____ 19. The transfer of heat by air currents (or currents in a liquid) is called a. radiation. b. conduction. c. convection. d. condensation. _____ 20. The warmest temperature zone of the ocean is the a. thermocline. b. deep zone. c. open ocean. d. surface zone. _____ 21. Stream-like movements of cold, dense water near the ocean floor are called a. surface currents. b. deep currents. c. bottom currents. d. mixing currents. _____ 22. One of the most important roles of the ocean is to a. add oxygen to the atmosphere. b. trap heat near Earth. c. regulate temperatures in Earth’s atmosphere. d. absorb ultraviolet radiation. _____ 23. The narrow layer of Earth where life-supporting conditions exist is called the a. crust. b. surface zone. c. troposphere. d. biosphere. _____ 24. With respect to matter, Earth is mostly a. an open system. b. a closed system. c. an ecosystem. d. a biosphere. _____ 25. The most important dissolved elements in ocean water are a. calcium and magnesium. b. calcium and potassium. c. calcium and sodium. d. sodium and chlorine.