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Environmental Science
Name ______________________________ Period __________ Date ________
Chapter 3 Test Review
Section: The Geosphere
MATCHING
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the
description.
_____ 1. volcanic ash mixed with water during an
eruption
a. crust
_____ 2. the mixture of gases that make up the air
we breathe
b. mudflow
c. atmosphere
_____ 3. melted rock
_____ 4. Earth’s thin outer layer
d. erosion
_____ 5. removal and transport of surface material
by wind or water
e. magma
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Choose the one best response. Write the letter of that choice in the
spaceprovided.
_____ 6. What often occurs at tectonic plate boundaries?
a. increasing air pressure
b. thinning of the biosphere
c. mountain building
d. increased erosion
_____ 7. What physical layer of Earth is located beneath the lithosphere?
a. asthenosphere
c. mesosphere
b. inner core
d. outer core
______ 8. What type of system is Earth?
a. layered
b. integrated
c. related
d. compressed
_____ 9. What is the estimated temperature of Earth’s inner core?
a. 4,000°C to 5,000°C
b. 3,000°C to 4,000°C
c. 400°C to 500°C
d. 300°C to 400°C
_____ 10. How did the Himalayan Mountains form?
a erosion
b. convection
c. glacial movements
d. colliding tectonic plates
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Environmental Science
16
The Dynamic Earth
SECTION 2: THE ATMOSPHERE
MATCHING
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the
description.
_____ 1. electrically charged atoms
_____ 2. how air is heated near Earth’s surface
_____ 3. one of the most abundant greenhouse
gases
_____ 4. the coldest layer of Earth’s
atmosphere
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ions
troposphere
conduction
methane
mesosphere
_____ 5. the layer of Earth’s atmosphere closest to the surface
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Choose the one best response. Write the letter of that choice in the space
provided.
_____ 6. In the troposphere, which of the following decreases as altitude
increases?
a. temperature
b. radiation
c. pressure
d. both (a) and (c)
_____ 7. What gas do animals exhale?
a. methane
b. oxygen
c. carbon dioxide
d. nitrogen
_____ 8. How many oxygen atoms are in an ozone molecule?
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. one
_____ 9. What does the ozone layer absorb?
a. ultraviolet radiation
b. ions
c. aerosols
d. greenhouse gases
_____ 10. What is the second most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere?
a. nitrogen
c. carbon dioxide
b. oxygen
d. methane
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Environmental Science
17
The Dynamic Earth
Section 3: The Hydrosphere and Biosphere
MATCHING
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the
description.
_____ 1. water used for drinking and agriculture
_____ 2. the warm, top layer of ocean water
_____ 3. what green plants need to produce their food
_____ 4. a network of streams that drains an area of
land
a. groundwater
b. river system
c. hytoplankton
d. sunlight
e. surface zone
_____ 5. tiny, free-floating, marine algae
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Choose the one best response. Write the letter of that choice in the space
provided.
_____ 6. The average salinity of seawater by weight is
a. 0.35 percent.
b. 3.5 percent.
c. 35.0 percent.
d. None of the above
_____ 7. With respect to energy, Earth is a(n)
a. layered system.
b. integrated system.
c. open system.
d. closed system.
_____ 8. Where do organisms obtain the energy they need?
a. biosphere
b. hydrosphere
c. atmosphere
d. lithosphere
_____ 9. What is the second largest ocean on Earth?
a. Arctic Ocean
b. Indian Ocean
c. Pacific Ocean
d. Atlantic Ocean
_____ 10. Deep currents flow along the
a. ocean floor.
b. ocean surface.
c. thermocline.
d. halocline.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Environmental Science
18
The Dynamic Earth
Chapter 3 Concept Review
MATCHING
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the
description.
_____ 1. boundary between warm and cold water
in an ocean or a lake
_____ 2. the pieces that compose the lithosphere
_____ 3. a mountain built from magma
_____ 4. transfer of energy through space
_____ 5. water movements in the ocean that are
driven by the wind
_____ 6. layer of Earth between the crust and the
core
_____ 7. a molecule made up of three oxygen
atoms
_____ 8. smaller streams or rivers that flow into
larger ones
a.mantle
b.ozone
c.fault
d.salinity
e.tributaries
f.tectonic plates
g.thermocline
h.volcano
i.surface currents
j.radiation
_____ 9. the total quantity of dissolved salts in the
ocean
_____ 10. break in Earth’s crust
MULTIPLE CHOICE
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.
_____ 11. The part of Earth that contains the air we breathe is called the
a. hydrosphere.
c. geosphere.
b. atmosphere.
d. envirosphere.
_____ 12. The thin outermost layer of the solid Earth is called the
a. asthenosphere.
c. outer core.
b. mantle.
d. crust.
_____ 13. An earthquake of magnitude 5.0 releases how much more energy than
an earthquake of magnitude 4.0?
a. twice the energy
b. three times the energy
c. one hundred times the energy
d. none of the above
Concept Review continued
_____ 14. Volcanoes occur at
tectonic plate boundaries
that are
a. colliding.
b. slipping past one
another.
c. separating from one
another.
d. Both (a) and (c)
_____ 15. The removal and transport
of surface material by
wind and water is called
a. seismicity.
b. erosion.
c. tectonics.
d. vulcanism.
_____ 16. The stratosphere is the
atmospheric layer above
the
a. troposphere.
b. ionosphere.
c. mesosphere.
d. thermosphere.
_____ 17. Which of the following
gases is an important
greenhouse gas?
a. hydrogen
b. nitrogen
c. carbon dioxide
d. oxygen
_____ 18. The most abundant gas in
Earth’s atmosphere is
a. oxygen.
b. carbon dioxide.
c. nitrogen.
d. hydrogen.
_____ 19. The transfer of heat by air
currents (or currents in a
liquid) is called
a. radiation.
b. conduction.
c. convection.
d. condensation.
_____ 20. The warmest temperature
zone of the ocean is the
a. thermocline.
b. deep zone.
c. open ocean.
d. surface zone.
_____ 21. Stream-like movements of
cold, dense water near the
ocean floor are called
a. surface currents.
b. deep currents.
c. bottom currents.
d. mixing currents.
_____ 22. One of the most important
roles of the ocean is to
a. add oxygen to the
atmosphere.
b. trap heat near Earth.
c. regulate temperatures
in Earth’s atmosphere.
d. absorb ultraviolet
radiation.
_____ 23. The narrow layer of Earth
where life-supporting
conditions exist is called
the
a. crust.
b. surface zone.
c. troposphere.
d. biosphere.
_____ 24. With respect to matter,
Earth is mostly
a. an open system.
b. a closed system.
c. an ecosystem.
d. a biosphere.
_____ 25. The most important
dissolved elements in
ocean water are
a. calcium and
magnesium.
b. calcium and potassium.
c. calcium and sodium.
d. sodium and chlorine.