Download Chapter 5 – The Periodic Law

CP Chemistry 420
November
UNIT 2B: ORGANIZATION OF MATTER (PERIODIC TABLE)
CHAPTER 5 – THE PERIODIC LAW
OBJECTIVES:
Describe the modern periodic table
Explain how the periodic law can be used to predict the physical and
chemical properties of elements.
Describe how the elements belonging to a group of the periodic table are
interrelated in terms of atomic number.
Describe the relationship between electrons in orbitals and the length of
each period of the periodic table.
Locate and name the four blocks of the periodic table. Explain the reasons
for these names.
Describe the locations in the periodic table of the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens, and noble gases.
Define valence electrons, and state how many are present in atoms of each
main-group element.
Predict the ion formed by an element and explain how you determined the
charge.
Describe the trends on the periodic table for atomic radii and
electronegativity.
Mass. State Frameworks:
3.1 Explain the relationship of an element’s position on the periodic table to its atomic number.
Identify families (groups) and periods on the periodic table.
3.2 Use the periodic table to identify the three classes of elements: metals, nonmetals, and
metalloids.
3.3 Relate the position of an element on the periodic table to its electron configuration and
compare its reactivity to the reactivity of other elements in the table.
3.4 Identify trends on the periodic table (ionization energy, electronegativity, and relative sizes
of atoms and ions).
Important vocabulary:
actinide
anion
halogen
main-group
element
alkali metal
cation
ion
periodic law
alkaline-earth
metal
electronegativity lanthanide
valence
electron
transition
element
STUDY GUIDE
CONTENT:
 Periodic law
 Relationship between chemical properties, electron configuration, and position on
periodic table
 Locations of s, p, d, and f block on the periodic table
 Location of alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, transition elements, halogens,
noble gases, actinides, lanthanides, and main-group elements
 Definition of valence electron and ion
NON-MATH SKILLS:
 Find the number of valence electrons a substance has
 Predict the ion an atom will form
 Compare and contrast different elements in terms of ionic radius and
electronegativity (use trends on periodic table)
MATH SKILLS:
 none