Download Chapter 3--Spanish and French in SC

Name ______________________________________________________________
Chapter 3
The Spanish and French Attempt to Settle Carolina
(Information in this Chapter correlates with Sections 1 and 2 in Chapter 4 of the South Carolina Beautiful Palmetto State Textbook)
Standard 8-1: You will demonstrate an understanding of the settlement of South Carolina and the United States by
Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans.
Indicator 2: Compare the motives, activities, and accomplishments of the exploration of South Carolina and North
America by the Spanish, French, and English.
Essential Question:
How did changes in Europe lead to exploration?
Conquistador
encomienda
Plantation
Slave
Trade Winds
Triangular trade
route
A Spanish conquerer who overtook South
America.
A Spanish plantation which used Native
Americans as slaves.
A large farm that grows cash crops and uses
slave labor.
People who are owned by others for the
purpose of providing cheap labor.
a wind that sailors followed that blows in a
regular
pattern.
A pattern of trade that followed the trade winds
from Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Northwest Passage A Ship route that was believed to join the
Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
Religious
persecution
capitalism
intellect
Huguenots
1|Page
Being judged or treated unfairly due to your
religious beliefs.
individuals (not the government) own property
and can use the property to make a profit.
smart way of thinking
French settlers escaping religious persecution.
Section 1:
Changes that Prepared Europe for Expansion
Technological Changes
1.
Name some technological
changes that led to European
Exploration.
Intellectual Changes
2.
What two movements
challenged the way people thought
in the 13th Century?
Religious Changes
3.
What was a major religious
changes that forced some people to
leave Europe to seek religious
freedom?
4.
What were some effects of
the Protestant reformation (switch
from Catholic to Protestant)?
2|Page
Technological Changes
•
In the 1400s, the printing press was invented, which
allowed ideas to be exchanged more rapidly and
accurately.
•
The writings of Amerigo Vespucci convinced
cartographers (map makers) that lands being explored
were not part of Asia but new land. (New World out
there.)
•
New land was opened for exploration, conquest, and
settlement because of technological changes such as better
ships, navigational devices, warfare, and gunpowder.
Intellectual Changes
•
The Renaissance and Enlightenment challenged the way
people thought.
•
The printing press allowed this new way of thinking to
spread, and this new knowledge led to innovations and
inventions.
Religious Changes
•
As knowledge increased among people, the Pope’s
authority, and the Catholic religion, were questioned by
Martin Luther, who sparked the Protestant Reformation.
•
Protestant Reformation was a switch from Catholic
religion to Protestant religion.
•
Some Protestant denominations resulted (Lutherans and
Huguenots); England became a Protestant nation with
Henry VIII as head.
•
Effects of the Protestant movement included religious
wars, intolerance, and persecution, which caused many
people to leave Europe for America.
Political Changes
5.
What were the powerful
nations that were forming because of
riches made from exploration?
Political Changes
•
Powerful nations included France, Spain, Portugal
(Roman Catholic countries) and England (Protestant
country).
•
The exploration of Columbus in 1492 resulted through
Ferdinand and Isabella’s unification efforts to develop
Spain as the most powerful nation.
Economic Changes
6.
What was the economic
change that happened which
allowed individuals to own property
and make money off of this
property?
Economic Changes
•
A final set of changes for Europeans to explore and settle
America was prompted by the rise of capitalism.
•
Capitalism was promoted by the new national monarchs,
who granted land and exclusive trade rights to individual
capitalists.
Europe Ready for Expansion to
America
7.
What five areas experienced
changes which transformed Europe
and led to Europe’s exploration?
Europe Ready for Expansion to America
•
Europe was transitioned from the Middle Ages into the
modern era because of changes in technology, intellect,
religion, politics, and economics.
•
With all of these changes, Europe was empowered to be
more successful and conquer the new land.
Section 2:
Early Explorations and Attempted Settlements
Early Explorations and Attempted
Settlements
8.
What four countries were
competing to settle the Americas?
Motivation for Exploration
9.
What motivated these
countries to explore Asia?
10.
What did Africa supply
these countries with for trade?
11.
How did Christianity play a
role in exploration?
3|Page
European countries were competing to see who could get the
biggest empire first. These nations included Spain, France,
England, and Portugal (in South America). Early explorers had
reached Africa, India, China, Japan, and Australia. There they
encountered civilizations that were hundreds of years old and
they saw great opportunity to make money there.
Motivation for Exploration
1. Getting rich by trading silks, spices, jewels, and perfumes from
Asia.
2. Selling the Africans they encountered as slaves.
3. Saving lost souls they wanted to convert to Christianity.
4. A chance to expand their empires and gain riches and land for
their King, country, and themselves.
A New Way of Thinking
12.
Why was a land route to
Asia undesirable at this time?
A New Way of Thinking
During this time, all trips from Europe to Asia had to either be
taken by a land route, which was long, dangerous, expensive,
and you couldn’t carry much, or by sailing around Africa. This
was a very long and dangerous trip due to rough seas.
13.
Why was sailing around
Africa undesirable?
Christopher Columbus felt that it may be better to sail to the
west to get to Asia. He sailed from Spain in 1492
with plans to return with ships full of riches from Asia.
Columbus did not realize instead that he would end up in the
Americas. Even though Columbus never realized he had
“discovered” this new continent, we date the European
discovery of America from Christopher Columbus’s landing in
1492. Christopher Columbus sparked and interest and other
countries followed his lead.
14.
What explorer challenged
the way people thought about travel
and unknowingly discovered
America?
15.
What year did this explorer
set sail from Spain?
16.
He felt like it would be best
to sail in which direction?
17.
Where was he trying to go?
The Spanish
The Spanish
18.
Which country was the first
European country to settle large
areas of land in America?
19.
Where did this country
establish most of their encomienda’s
first?
20.
What did an encomienda or
plantation rely on?
21.
Why did the Native
American slave population have to
be replaced as a labor source?
4|Page
Spain had a lot of money from earlier explorations (stealing gold
from Inca, Maya and Aztec civilizations), and they were the first
European country to settle large areas in the Americas. Spain
established encomiendas in Central and South America and set
up encomiendas. These were large sugar plantations on which
the native peopleswere enslaved.
The plantation system and slavery provided incredible wealth
for their Spanish masters, and would also become the basis of the
plantation system and slavery in North America.
The problem with enslaving the Native Americans is that they
began to die out quickly because of disease, so they needed
a new source of labor.
Africa was along the triangular trade route and the Spanish
noticed that many African tribes were using slave labor
themselves. They seized this opportunity and began to trade for
African people as slaves.
22.
Where did the Europeans
get the idea to use Africans for slave
labor?
As more settlers came over, the Spanish brought their culture,
style of government, and their Catholic religion to the New
World.
23.
Name 2 things the Spanish
introduced to the Americas.
The Spanish had been so successful in Central and South
America that they decided to spread their claim to include North
America.
24.
The Spanish in Florida and Carolina
Because of their great
success in South America, where did
the Spanish try to spread their
•
claim?
•
The Spanish in Florida and
Carolina
25.
Who was one of the most
famous Spanish explorers to explore
SC, and plundered the Cofitachequi
tribe near Columbia, SC?
•
•
Spaniards, in pursuing more wealth, gave claim to large
sections North America.
Ayllón, a Spanish explorer, sent 2 expeditions to Florida
and as far north as South Carolina with little success.
(1539 – 1542) - De Soto attempted to strengthen Spain’s
claim to La Florida. De Soto and his army were the 1st
Europeans to explore interiors of what was to become the
United States. Remember the Cofitachequi tribe near
Columbia, SC?
The armies in their searches spread disease and
destruction among the Indian nations.
Why were the Spanish Interested in Carolina?
Why were the Spanish Interested in
Carolina?
26.
What were the Spanish
hoping to find along the Carolina
coast?
27.
What blew up the east coast
and by Carolina, which made it
easier for the ships to return to
Spain?
28.
What made SC ideal for the
expansion of the plantation system?
5|Page
1. They hoped they would find gold here like they had in
South America.
2. The Carolina coast is also on the “highway” of the
Atlantic, and the trade winds in the Atlantic blow up the
east coast and then back across the Atlantic to Europe.
Since ships relied on wind, sailing up the coast of
Carolina made it easier to get home to Europe.
3. The climate and soil was ideal in SC, so they wanted to
expand the plantation system and make money.
San Miguel de Gualdape
29.
Why did Ayllon hire
Francisco Gordillo?
30.
Spain’s First Attempt at Settling Carolina
San Miguel de Gualdape

In 1520, a Spanish sea captain named Francisco Gordillo
sailed along the coast of SC. He was hired to search for
slaves by his friend, Ayllón. While searching, Gordillo
captured a Native American and named him Francisco de
Chicora. Chicora was converted to Catholicism and
worked for Ayllon. He learned the Spanish language and
became friends with the Spanish men. He often
entertained them with wild tales about his homeland. He
told them that giants and men and women with long tails
lived there. He also claimed that the land was full of gold,
which made the Spanish very interested in this place
called “Chicora”.

In 1526, Spain sent Ayllón to Carolina with supplies and
equipment to start a colony. This first Spanish settlement
was called San Miguel de Gualdape. It was the first
European settlement attempted in what is today South
Carolina. The settlement was located on the Waccamaw
River close to Georgetown, SC. However, the colony was
not successful and did not last long. Supplies ran low, a
harsh winter and disease led to the death of many of the
settlers. The settlers that were left, abandoned San Miguel
de Gualdape and returned home.
Who did Gordillo capture?
31.
What did this Native
American tell the Spanish that
interested them the most and made
them want to come to Carolina?
32.
What was the name of the 1st
Spanish attempt at a colony in
Carolina?
33.
Where was it located?
34.
What problems did this
settlement face which led to its
abandonment?
The French in South Carolina
The French in South Carolina
35.
What country challenged
Spain’s claim to Carolina?
Why did France want to explore
Carolina?
36.
What was France trying to
find?
37.
What country today has
French ancestry?
6|Page
Not all nations believed Spain had the right to claim all the land
on the east coast. The French were the first to challenge Spain’s
claim on the land that occupies today’s SC.
Why did France want to explore Carolina?
1.
They were trying to find the Northwest Passage. It does
not exist. They began in the Northeast in Canada and sailed
down the St. Lawrence River claiming land for France along the
way. They established settlements in Montreal and Quebec
which today are in Canada.
38.
The French were not as
interested in creating permanent
settlements in America. What were
they interested in?
39.
How did that affect the
relationship between the French and
the Native Americans?
2.
They weren’t interested in taking over the land. They were
mainly interested in establishing trading posts colonies to trade
furs and animal skins. French traders established positive
relations with the native people. Frenchmen traveled along the
rivers west of the Appalachian Mts., and claimed those lands for
France. They named this territory Louisiana after the King of
France.
3.
Another reason France was interested in this area was
40.
What did the French name
because it was not far from the Spanish settlements
the territory west of the Appalachian in South America. Here they could attack Spanish ships full of
Mts.?
gold.
41.
Why did the French have
interest in the Spanish ships sailing
on the trade winds?
The French settlement in Carolina
42.
Where was the French
settlement, in Carolina located?
43.
What problems did this
settlement face?
44.
What was the outcome for
the colony?
The Spanish Try Again
45.
Where was the Spanish
settlement of Santa Elena located?
46.
How long did Santa Elena
last?
47.
What was the outcome for
the Spanish colony, Santa Elena?
48.
How long did the Native
Americans live in peace without
Europeans trying to settle Carolina?
7|Page
The French settlement in Carolina
Jean Ribault, the French explorer, took a group of French
Huguenots, and founded Charlesfort ,in 1562 near present day
Beaufort (Paris Island). As with the Spanish settlements, the
French colony was doomed from the start. Supplies ran low, the
people failed to plant crops. Jean Ribault went back to France to
get more supplies. France was in the middle of a civil war and
he couldn’t return. The settlers that survived built a raft and set
sail for France. They had to resort to cannibalism to survive.
The Spanish Try Again
The Spanish tried again in 1565 to settle Carolina. Pedro
Menendez de Aviles founded the town of Santa Elena and built
Fort San Felipe on Paris Island. They used the materials left
behind from Charlesfort- the French settlement located at
Beaufort and Paris Island. The settlement actually lasted 10
years, but there were constant Native American attacks. Spain
had decided it was too expensive to defend the settlement and
the settlers fled the settlement and went to St. Augustine,
Florida.
For nearly 80 years, Native Americans in South
Carolina were able to live in peace without Europeans trying to
settle here.
8|Page