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Nombre: Clase: 2 8 Español 1-2 Repaso para el Examen del Segundo Semestre Sra. English/2008-09 Use this area to write down questions you have along the way so you won’t forget to ask. I NEED HELP WITH: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Repaso Write the endings of regular present-tense verbs in the charts below. -ar verbs -er verbs o amos o emos as áis es éis as an e en -ir verbs o es e imos ís en Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish. 1. You write letters. (Tú) escribes cartas. 2. I dance with my friends. (Yo) bailo con mis amigos. 3. José plays the piano. José toca el piano. 4. They eat pizza. (Ellos) comen la pizza. Capítulo 4 Vocabulario 1: Saying what you have and need/Talking about classes – pp. 120-122, 149 Translate the following words from English to Spanish. Study all the words; these are just a few to get you started. You need to find this information on your own. school supplies My favorite subject is… math - in the morning/afternoon - Do you have…? - First I have…and afterwards I have… - clothes - shop/workshop - lunch - Spanish - physical education - English - It’s easy/difficult - What classes do you have this afternoon? – Yes, I need a lot of things… Do you need anything for school? – 1 Gramática: Indefinite Articles – p. 124 What are the four words we use to say a, an, or some? How are they different from each other? un – for a singular, masculine item unos – for plural, masculine items una – for a singular, feminine item unas – for plural, feminine items Don’t forget…when using an indefinite article, you will leave out the definite article (el/la/los/las). Complete the following sentences with the correct indefinite articles. 1. Necesito un cuaderno. 2. José tiene unos lápices. 3. ¿Tienes una calculadora? 4. Juan y Elena quieren unos diccionarios. Gramática: ¿Cuánto? – p. 124 What does ¿cuánto? mean? What are the four forms of it you can use, and how do you decide which one to choose? How much?/How many? ¿cuánto? – for a singular, masculine item ¿cuánta? – for a singular, feminine item ¿cuántos? – for plural, masculine items ¿cuántas? – for plural, feminine items Gramática: Mucho & Poco – p. 124 What do mucho and poco mean? What are the different forms you can use, and how do you decide which one to choose? mucho/mucha/muchos/muchas = many/a lot poco/poca/pocos/pocas = not many/just a few You need to figure out for yourself how to decide which one to choose. Gramática: Present Tense of Tener and some Tener Expressions – pp. 126, 250 Complete the following chart with the correct present tense forms of tener. tengo tener = to have tenemos tienes xxxxxxxx tiene tienen Sometimes we use tener in common expressions. Write what each expression means in Spanish. to have to do something – tener que + inf. to be (very) thirsty – tener (mucha) sed to be in a hurry – tener prisa to be cold – tener frío to be (very) hungry – tener (mucha) hambre to be hot – tener calor to feel like doing something – tener ganas de + inf. to be afraid – tener miedo to be sleepy – tener sueño to be lucky – tener suerte 2 Complete the following sentences with a tener expression. MAKE SURE TO USE THE CORRECT FORM OF TENER. 1. Rodrigo y yo tenemos un examen mañana. Esta noche tenemos que estudiar. 2. Pero no nos gusta estudiar. No tenemos ganas de leer. 3. La clase empieza a las dos. Son las dos menos uno, y el profesor tiene prisa. 4. Julia y Ana quieren unos refrescos porque tienen sed/calor. 5. Es el 2 de enero, y tú estás en Alaska. Tienes frío. Gramática: Venir and a + time – p. 128 Complete the following chart with the correct present tense forms of venir. venir = to come vengo venimos vienes xxxxxxxx viene vienen To say at what time something happens, put the word a before the time. Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish. 1. At what time do you come to school? ¿A qué hora vienes al colegio/a la escuela? 2. I come to the concert at 8:00. (Yo) vengo al concierto a las ocho. 3. Yesenia y José come to class at 10:30. Yesenia y José vienen a la clase a las diez y media. Vocabulario 2: Talking about plans/Inviting others to do something – pp. 132-134, 149 Translate the following words from English to Spanish. Study all the words; these are just a few to get you started. You need to find this information on your own. dance class … game stadium - this weekend - tomorrow - library - there is/there are - How about if we go…? - next Friday - with me - classroom - You’re going to go, right? - auditorium - I don’t know. – 3 Gramática: Ir a + infinitives – p. 136 The formula ir a + infinitive is used to talk about what someone is going to do. Complete the chart with the correct present tense forms of ir. voy ir = to go vamos vas xxxxxxxx va van Rewrite the following sentences in Spanish. 1. I am going to swim. (Yo) voy a nadar. 2. We are going to go to the pool. (Nosotros) vamos a ir a la piscina. 3. Are you going to sing? ¿Vas a cantar? Gramática: Some –er/-ir verbs with irregular yo forms – p. 140 The following six verbs are conjugated just like normal –er or –ir verbs, EXCEPT in the yo form. Write what each verb means in English and what the irregular yo form is. You need to find this information on your own. hacer = ___________, yo ______________ poner = ___________, yo ______________ ver = ___________, yo ______________ traer = ___________, yo ______________ saber = ___________, yo ______________ salir = ___________, yo ______________ Don’t forget…these yo forms will be important when making negative tú commands! Capítulo 5 Vocabulario 1: Describing People and Family Relationships - pp. 158-159, 187 Translate the following words from English to Spanish. Study all the words; these are just a few to get you started. You need to find this information on your own. nephew There are four people in my family. niece - to have a snack - older - male cousin - younger - children, sons - fat - parents - dark brown - blind - brown - to have blue eyes - 4 Gramática: Possessive Adjectives - p. 162 Possessive adjectives show ownership. They are placed before the noun they describe. When using a possessive adjective, DO NOT use a definite article (el/la/los/las). Fill in the chart with the possessive adjectives. masc., sing. masc., plural fem., sing. thing fem., plural thing thing thing owner = yo mi mis mi mis owner = tú tu (no accent) tus (no accent) tu (no accent) tus (no accent) owner = él/ella/usted su sus su sus owners = nosotros nuestro nuestros nuestra nuestras owners = su sus su sus ellos/ellas/ustedes Complete the following sentences using the correct possessive adjectives to say that everyone wants his or her own belongings. 1. Quiero mi libro de matemáticas. 2. Queremos nuestras calculadoras. 3. Ellos quieren sus reglas. 4. Mi hermana menor quiere su bolígrafo. 5. Quieres tus lápices. Gramática: oue Stem-changing Verbs - pp. 164, 204, 242, 263 Stem-changing verbs have a spelling change in all forms except the nosotros (and vosotros) forms. Here are a few oue stem-changers. Translate them from English to Spanish and circle the letter that has a spelling change. You need to find this information on your own. to go to bed to try/to taste to find - to sleep - to be able to - to have lunch - to rain - to go back/to come back – to hurt Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. 1. El perro duerme (dormir) debajo de la silla. 2. Llueve (Llover) mucho hoy. 3. Mis padres pueden (poder) hacer yoga. 4. Mi hermano y yo nos acostamos (acostarse) a las diez. 5. ¿Qué tal si tú pruebas (probar) el sándwich de jamón con queso? 5 Gramática: eie Stem-changing Verbs - pp. 90, 126, 128, 166, 204, 225, 250, 263 Reminder: Stem-changing verbs have a spelling change in all forms except the nosotros (and vosotros) forms. Here are a few eie stem-changers. Translate them from English to Spanish and circle the letter that has a spelling change. You need to find this information on your own. to prefer to come* to want - to begin/to start - to have* - to have a snack - to understand - to heat up – to stay in shape* - to wake up – to feel *also has an irregular _____ form Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. 1. Yo prefiero (preferir) montar en bicicleta, pero mis amigos quieren (querer) correr. 2. Ben y Elsa meriendan (merendar) a las tres de la tarde. 3. Nosotros calentamos (calentar) la sopa en la cocina. Vocabulario 2: Talking about where you and others live/Your responsibilities – pp. 170-172, 187 Translate the following words from English to Spanish. Study all the words; these are just a few to get you started. You need to find this information on your own. sometimes chair often - dining room - always - city - to vacuum - desk - to do the chores - big/large - to live - small - to make the bed - bedroom – Gramática: Estar with Prepositions – p. 174 Fill in the chart with the forms of the verb estar. estar = to be estoy estamos estás xxxxxxxx está están We use estar with prepositions to say where one thing is located in relation to something else. Write what each of the following prepositions would be in Spanish. 6 You need to find this information on your own. behind close to/near - underneath - next to - on top of/above – far from - in/on Don’t forget that if de is used before the definite article el, they combine to become del. Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish. 1. The computer is on top of the desk. La computadora está encima del escritorio. 2. The dog is next to the backpack. El perro está cerca de la mochila. 3. The books are near the plant. Los libros están cerca de la planta. 4. The cat is under the bed. El gato está debajo de la cama. 5. I am far from the chairs. (Yo) estoy lejos de las sillas. Gramática: Negative Words – p. 176 Write what the following questions are in English. ¿Quién(es)? – Who? ¿Cuánto(a)? – How many?/How much? ¿Cuándo? – When? ¿Qué? – What? Rewrite the following negative expressions in English. Nada – Nothing ¿Qué? Nadie – No one ¿Quién? Nunca – Never ¿Cuándo? Tampoco – Neither Next to each question word above, write the negative expression(s) that could be used to answer the question. For example, write the word that means “never” next to the question that asks “when.” Look at the information on p. 176 to see how to place these words in a sentence. Capítulo 6 Vocabulario 1: Commenting on food/Making polite requests – pp. 196-198, 225 Translate the following words from English to Spanish. Study all the words; these are just a few to get you started. You need to find this information on your own. I would like… spoon to prepare/to make - knife - tuna - bill - … juice - dessert - salty - to drink/to take - spicy - I (don’t) agree. - restaurant - delicious – Gramática: Ser and Estar – p. 200 7 Both ser and estar mean to be, but they are used in different ways. Fill in the charts to show how both verbs are conjugated. Then make lists of when to use each verb. ser estar soy somos estoy estamos eres xxxxx estás xxxxx es son está están - time and date - description - “For how you feel and where you are, - how food normally is always use the verb estar.” - where someone is from - how food tastes at a specific time - identifying things Complete the sentences with the correct form of either ser or estar. 1. Mi hermano es muy alto. 2. Los amigos están en Florida. 3. Los amigos son de Florida. 4. Las hamburguesas siempre son deliciosas, pero hoy están un poco saladas. 5. Son las dos y media. 6. Hoy es martes, el 2 de junio. 7. Hola, Señor Pérez. ¿Cómo está usted hoy? Gramática: ei Stem-changing Verbs - pp. 202, 242 Reminder: Stem-changing verbs have a spelling change in all forms except the nosotros (and vosotros) forms. Here are a few ei stem-changers. Translate them from English to Spanish and circle the letter that has a spelling change. You need to find this information on your own. to get dressed to ask for/to order to serve – You can find example sentences using these verbs on the pages listed above. 8 Vocabulario 2: Talking about meals/Offering help/Cooking – pp. 208-211, 225 Translate the following words from English to Spanish. Study all the words; these are just a few to get you started. You need to find this information on your own. Can I help? to heat up refrigerator - to cut - oven - to mix - fish - to cook - rice - help - carrot - breakfast - to add - dinner – Gramática: Direct Objects and Direct Object Pronouns – p. 212 A direct object is what receives the direct action of the verb. To find the direct object, you can usually ask yourself the question “What?” Direct object pronouns can replace the direct object in a sentence. Fill in the chart with the correct direct object pronouns. masculine feminine singular lo la plural los las What do these pronouns mean in English? it/them When you use a direct object pronoun in a sentence, you CANNOT repeat the direct object that it is replacing. Direct object pronouns can go in several places. Two of them are: --before a conjugated verb --attached to the end of an infinitive verb (no accent needed for now) Shorten the following sentences to use direct object pronouns instead of direct objects. 1. Manuel pide la sopa. Manuel la pide. 2. Mariela no quiere hacer la tarea. Mariela no la quiere hacer. (Or) Mariela no quiere hacerla. 3. Carlos pone la mesa. Carlos la pone. 4. Ricardo va a pedir el pollo. Ricardo lo va a pedir. (Or) Ricardo va a pedirlo. 9 Gramática: Positive Tú Commands – p. 214 Write down the process of making a positive tú command. Put verb in él/ella/Ud. form. OR Put verb in tú form; then drop the s. Write the positive tú command for the following verbs: hablar - habla comer - come dormir- duerme calentar- calienta What are the 7 irregulars that you need to know? Write them, what they mean, and what infinitive verbs they come from. ven sal haz ten ve pon sé You need to find the rest of this information on your own. Gramática: Positive Tú Commands with Direct Object Pronouns – p. 216 When you combine a positive tú command with a direct object pronoun, put the pronoun on the end of the command. To know where to put an accent, you will almost always count back 3 vowels from the end. Change the following infinitives to affirmative informal commands, and add the direct object pronoun to replace the object given. Don’t forget accents, if they are needed. 1. Escribir la carta Escríbela. 2. Poner la mesa Ponla. 3. Leer los libros Léelos. 4. Abrir el refrigerador Ábrelo. 5. Calentar las papas fritas Caliéntalas. Capítulo 7 Vocabulario 1: Talking about your daily routine/Staying fit and healthy – pp. 234-237, 263 Translate the following words from English to Spanish. Study all the words; these are just a few to get you started. You need to find this information on your own. to shave to put on to bathe - to take off - to work out - to get dressed - to stretch - to dry - to be ready - leg - to wash - teeth - to get up - to put on makeup – 10 Gramática: Verbs with Reflexive Pronouns – p. 238 A reflexive verb is an action that someone does to or for himself/herself. Fill in the chart with the reflexive pronouns and what each one means. me – to/for myself nos – to/for ourselves te – to/for yourself xxxxxxxx se – to/for himself/herself/yourself (formal) se – to/for themselves/yourselves To conjugate a reflexive verb, follow these steps: Ex: lavarse in the yo form Start with the infinitive lavarse Take the ‘se’ off the end and move it to the front se lavar Change the pronoun to match your subject me lavar Conjugate the verb like any other verb me lavo Conjugate the following verbs in the form given. Bañarse/Juan se baña. Levantarse/Mi hermana y yo nos levantamos Despertarse/Yo me despierto Maquillarse/Ustedes se maquillan Ponerse la ropa/ se pone la ropa Reflexive pronouns can also be placed on the end of an infinitive. Example: Yo me voy a lavar. = Yo voy a lavarme. When you put a reflexive verb on the end of an infinitive, you must still change the pronoun to match the subject. Yo tengo que lavarme. Juan tiene que cepillarse. Tú tienes que despertarte. Gramática: Using infinitives – p. 240 **When one verb follows a verb that is already conjugated, it will always be in the infinitive form.** Infinitives also follow the following words and phrases: Para – for/in order to Antes de – before Después de – after Acabar de – to have just Vocabulario 2: Talking about how you feel/Giving advice – pp. 246-248, 263 Translate the following words from English to Spanish. Study all the words; these are just a few to get you started. You need to find this information on your own. to lose weight to get enough sleep to be tired - feet - to stop smoking - ear - My … hurt(s) - hand - too much - stomach - fingers - What’s wrong with you? - to be tired - head – 11 Gramática: Negative Tú Commands Write the process we use to form negative tú commands. 1. Put verb in the yo form. 2. Drop the o. 3. Add the opposite ending (-es for ar verbs, -as for er/ir verbs). (4. Put “no” before the command.) Put the following verbs into their negative informal commands. Come No comas Salir No salgas Arreglar No arregles Hacer No hagas Escuchar No escuches The four irregulars that you have learned are: dar (to give) no des estar no estés ir no vayas ser no seas Gramática: Object and Reflexive Pronouns with Commands Pronoun placement with commands depends on whether your command is positive or negative. Remember, your pronouns can be a reflexive pronoun or direct object pronouns. For a reflexive verb, the pronoun with a positive tú command will ALWAYS be ________. Review - Positive Pronouns are placed on the end of positive commands. (Don’t forget accents.) Sacar la basura Saca la basura Sacala Sácala Negative Commands Pronouns go between the no and the negative command. There are no additional accents to be written. No escribir la carta No escribas la carta No la escribas Put the following verbs into their negative command forms, and use direct object pronouns (lo/la/los/las) to replace a direct object and a reflexive pronoun (te) for reflexive verbs. Example: No poner la mesa No la pongas No lavar los platos No los laves. No comprar la camisa No la compres. No acostarte No te acuestes. No poner la mesa No la pongas. No levantarte No te levantes. 12