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Drug Review
DRUG REVIEW
Any substance that when taken into the living organism may modify one or more
of its function is defined as Drug. W.H.O. has given a more comprehensive definition as
“Drug is any substance or product that is used or intended to be used to modify or explore
physiological systems or pathological status for the benefit of the recipient”. The
importance of drug is very well known in all Ayurvedic classics and it has been
highlighted by Charaka in Chatushpada.
The use of herbs as herbo-mineral preparation for the management of diseases
along with Sanshodhan karma is an important and prime aspect of Ayurvedic Science .
The ancient Ayurvedists in their treatises have presented various views and hypothesis
regarding the innate qualities and therapeutic action of medicinal plants in health and
disease condition .
Selection of Trial Drug :
Selection of trial drug was based on the basis of selection of the Panchakarma
procedure. Here since Vaitarana Basti was selected, therefore the present study was
aimed so as to understand the role of drugs of Vaitarana Basti in the management of
Amavata. this procedure have been indicated in Chikitsa Sutra described by Chakradatta.
Acharya Chakradatta opines that the drugs having Deepana-Pachana properties
and Katu Rasa dominant should be used for the management of Amavata. Many drugs
have been mentioned in classics having above properties. Keeping above view in mind,
some drugs namely “. Rasonadi Kwath, Shiva Guggul & Amrit manjari rasa were
described in Bhaishajya Ratnavali (B.R. 29/23,94-98,136-139) were also selected as
Shamana Yoga” . These drugs are well known for having analgesic and antiinflammatory actions. Thus the combination as a whole was used as Shamana Yoga
having Vata-kaphahara property.
A. DRUGS FOR VAITARANA BASTI
Vaitarana Vasti comprises of following drugs i.e. Saindhava, Guda (Jaggery),
Chincha (Tamarindus), Gomutra, Tila Taila. (Chakradutt- Niruhadhikar-73/32)
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Drug Review
 SAINDHAVA (Rock Salt)
Latin name
: Soodium Chloride
Chemical Formula: Nacl
Synonyms
: Sheetshiv, manimantha,sindhuj
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa
: Lavana, Madhura
Virya : Sheeta
Guna : Snigdha, Tikshna, Sukshma
Vipaka : Madhura
Doshaghnata : Tridoshahara
Pharmacological Action :
It has got Deepana and Vrishya properties in small doses, it is highly carminative
and digestive. Saindhava plays the role of carrier and help to reach the Basti Dravya at
microcellular level. It also helps to return the Basti Dravya in time.
 GUDA (JAGGERY)
It is dark, coarse, unrefined sugar, sometimes referred to as “Palm Sugar”. It can
be made either from the sap of various palm trees or from sugarcane juice. It is primarily
used in India, where many categories of sugar made from sugarcane as Jaggery and that
processed from palm trees as “Gur”. Jaggery has a sweet wine like fragrance and flavor
that lends to distinction to whatever food it embellishes.
Ayurvedic Review :
Jaggery is explained under the heading of Ikshu Varga in all the Samhita,
Nighantu. It is prepared by the juice of sugarcane when sugarcane juice is heated up to
thick and somewhat hard then it is termed as Guda.
According to Ch. Su. 27/289, before the formation of jaggery, the sugarcane juice
undergoes three stages viz. –
1) Chaturbhaga-vasheshita
- 1/4 remain
2) Tribhaga-vasheshita
- 1/3 remain
3) Ardhabhaga-vasheshita
- 1/2 remain
These three varieties are called “Kshudra Guda” and they are light for digestion in
their ascending order.
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Dhauta Guda :
The finally formed Guda that is clean and of good quality is called Dhauta Guda
and is used for medicinal purpose as well as dietetic purpose.
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa
: Madhura
Guna : Snigdha, Ushna
Virya : Ushna
Vipaka : Madhura
Doshaghnata : Tridosha Shamaka (According to Anupana).
Chemical Constituents of Guda :
The good quality jaggery contains moisture 3.6%, sucrose 6.85%, invert sugar 1015%, ash 2.5%, protein 4%, mineral matter 6%, calcium 80 mg/100gm, phosphorus
40mg/100gm, iron 11.4mg/100gm. It also contain carotene, vitamin A, Thiamine 0.02mg,
Nicotinic acid 10mg/100gm.
Properties :
Deepana, Pachana, Anulomana, Vrishya, Mutra-Raktashodhaka increases
Medodhatu, Kapha and Krimi, Pittaghna, Vatashamaka and its efficacy is considered to
increase after one year (Su. Su. 45/160-161).
Properties of Nava Guda (New Jaggery) :
Newly prepared jaggery is Kapha, Swasa-Kasa Krita, Krimikara and Agnideepaka.
Preparation of Purana Guda :
It is Laghu, Pathya, Anabhishyandi, Agnivardhaka, Vata-pittaghna, Madhura,
Vrishya, Rakta Prasadana.
Modern Review :
It is rich in minerals, iron and instant glucose. It is not only easily digestible but
has various minerals and vitamin in right proportion, which is extremely useful for our
body. Jaggery and sugar not only differ in their composition but also in their effect on
human metabolism.
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Drug Review
 CHINCHA
Latin Name
: Tamarindus indicus
Family : Leguminaceae
Synonyms
: Rason, lasun, ugragandha.
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa
: Madhura, Amla
Virya
: Ushna
Guna : Ruksha, Sara
Vipaka : Amla
Dosha Karma : Vata Shamaka
Parts Used: Fruits, Leaf
Chemical Constituents : Hordenine, c-glycosides (leaves), polysaccharides contained,
galactose, xylose, arabinose, cardenotide, uzarigenin-3-o-beta D-xylopyranosyl, tartaric
acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, amino acid – praline and pipecolinic acid, tamarindinal.
Pharmacological Activities : Anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidative
activity are well exhibited by the plant. (Database of Indian Medicinal Plant, C.C.R.A.S.).
 GOMUTRA (Cow's urine)
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa
: Katu, Madhura
Anurasa
Guna : Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna
: Lavana
Vipaka : katu
Virya : Ushna
Doshaghnata: Tridoshaghna
Pharmacological Activity :
It is Agnideepaka, Visha-nashaka and useful for Asthapana Basti and Virechana.
It is also useful in disease like Krimi, Udara Roga, Gulma, Anaha, Mukha Akshi Roga,
Arsha, Pandu, Kandu, Kustha, Kilasa, Vata Vyadhi, Kasa and Madhumeha.
Gomutra pacify Kapha by Katu Rasa, Katu Vipaka, Ushna Virya and Laghu
Ruksha Tikshna Guna. It may act as Vatanulomaka due to its Madhura Rasa and Ushna
Virya. It is useful for Asthapana Basti because of its Tridoshahara, Agni Deepana,
Pachana, Srotovisodhana and Vatanulomana properties.
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Drug Review
COMPOSITION OF GOMUTRA
 Nitrogen
N2
 Lactose
C6H12O6
 Sulphur
S
 Water
H2O
 Ammonia
NH3
 Creatinine
C4H8N2O2
 Copper
Cu
 Iron
Fe
 Urea
CO(NH2)2
 Uric acid
C4H4N4O3
 Phosphate
P
 Carbonic acid
HCOO4
 Manganese
Mn
 Hippuric acid
CHO-NH-CH2-COOH
(Ref. Indian Agriculture Research Institute)
 TILA TAILA (Sesamum oil)
Latin Name
: Sesamum indicum Linn.
Family
: Pedaliaceae
Synonyms
: Alpatil, Vanyatil
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa
: Madhura, Kashaya, Tikta
Virya : Ushna
Guna : Guru, Snigdha
Vipaka : Madhura
Doshaghnata : Vatashamaka
Chemical Constituents :
Sesame seed contain fixed oil (50-60%), Carbohydrate (19-25%), protein (1626%), calcium (1.0-1.5%), phosphorus, mucilage (4%), woody fiber (4%). Liquids of fat
consisting of oleic and lineoliec and (12-14%) of solid fat. It also contains crystalline
substance sesamine and phenyl compound sesamol.
Action : This drug subside Vata Dosha. It is Tvachya, Vedana Sthapana, Balya, Vrishya
and Shulaprashaman. Seeds are laxative emollient and demulcent, diuretic, nourishing,
lactogogue and emmenagogue.
It relieves aching pain in head, ears and female organs generation (yoni) act as
purifying agents in respect of the uterus and prove curative in urticaria. The use of
sesamum oil is recommended in case of cut, cleft, punctured, severed, lacerated,
blistered, thrashed or contused wounds and ulcers. Also in burns and scalds whether due
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Drug Review
to the application of heat or any vesicant alkaline solution as well as in bite of wild beasts
and birds etc. and act beneficially in baths, unguents and lubrication
Pharmacological Action : Sneha – because of qualities like Ushma, Tikshna, Vyavayi
and Sukshma, reaches up to the microchannel levels, liquefies the morbid/viscid Kapha
or Dosha for easy elimination. Because of Snigdha property it protects the intestinal
mucosa from irritative substances. Because of Brimhana property it increases the tone
and strength of the cells in whole body and intestinal mucosa particular. It decreases
flatulence and increases general metabolism.
Acharya Charaka has mentioned that Tila Taila is best among the Dravya in pacification
of Vata. Taila alleviates Vata, but at the same time doesn’t aggravate the Kapha. It
promotes the strength. It is beneficial for skin, Ushnaghna, Yuktam, Sthirikarana
(provides firmness) and Yonivishodhanam. From therapeutic point of view another
gravity of Tila Taila is when treated with other drugs, it also takes the property of that
drugs.
B. DRUGS OF RASONADI KWATHA
Rasonadi kwath comprises of following drugs – Rasona, Sunthi, Nirgundi.
 RASONA
Latin Name
: Allium sativum linn.
Family
: Liliaceae
Synonyms
: Rason, Lasun, Ugragandha.
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa :Madhura, Lavana, katu, tikta, Kasaya
Guna : Snigdha, tiksna, picchil, sara
Veerya : Usna
Vipaka: Katu
Parts Used: Rhizome
Chemical Constituents :-moisture – 62.0; protein – 6.3; fat – 0.1; fibre – 0.8;
carbohydrates – 29.8; and minerals – 1.0 gm/100gm. Calcuim – 30.0; phosphorus –
310.0; iron 1.3; thiamine – 0.06; riboflavin – 0.23; niacin – 0.4; and vitamin c – 13.0
mg/100gm. Its cal val is 145 k cal/100 gm. (nutritive value of indian foods – 85) :
glutamyl peptides isolated from garlic are almost identical with those present in onion;
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Drug Review
they include  : glutamyl – phenylalanine,  : glutamyl – s – methylcysteine,  :
glutamyl – s :  : carboxy :  : methyle – ethyle cysteinylglycine, s – allylmercapto – l
– cysteine and  : l – glutamyl – s – allylmercapto – l – cysteine . (chem abstr, 1962).
The amino acids present in the bulbs are leucine, methionine, s – propyl – l –
cysteine; (: ) – s – propenyl – l – cysteine; s – methyl – cysteine; s – allyl – cysteine; s –
allyl – cysteine sulphoxide (alliin); s – ethyl : l – cysteine sulphoxide (mp 166 : 67) and
s – butyl – l – cysteine sulphoxide (mp 158 : 60). The presence of an enzyme, allinase is
reported; by the action of allinase on alliin, allicin (thio – 2 – propene – 1 – sulfinic acid –
s – allyl ester) is formed. The other sulphoxides present in the bulbs showed the same
allinane splitting activity as that of alliin. The bulbs contain a thio glycoside, made up of
a new amino acid and a carbohydrate, calcium fructuronate. Its aglycone kills escherichia
coli. Scordine and scordinines a1, a2 and b have been isolated. An anthocyamin, cyanidin
– 3 – glucoside is also present.
The bulbs, on steam distillation, yield 0.06 – 0.1 precent of an essential oil having a
brownish yellow color and a disagreeable garlic odour. The oil contains allyl alcohol,
allyl propyldisulphide, methylallyldisulphide, diallyldisulphide, dimethyltrisulphide,
methylallyl trisulphide, diallyltrisulphide and two unidentified compounds.
Actions : vatahara, Kapha samaka,Sothahara, vedanasthapana, medhya, dipana, pacana,
anulomana, bhagnasandhaniya, krmighna.
Pharmacological Actions: Incorporation of garlic in the diet at moderate levels is likely
to shift the balance of the microflora in the intestines in favour of lactic organisms, which
generally have a favourable effect on the absorption of minerals present in the diet.
Scordine is reported to possess fungicidal and anti – microbial activity. Garlic is an
effective long: term preventive treatment for all rheumatic and catarrhal conditions. It
produces anti: inflammatory activity.5: allyl cysteine sulphoxide exhibited anti: diabetic
activity in alloxan diabetic rats. In a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight it decreased
significantly concentration of serum lipids, blood glucose and activities of serum
enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, liver and intestinal hmg coa
reductase activity and liver hexokinase activity were increased significantly. C.g. sheela
and k.t. augusti
department of biochemistry,
thiruvananthapuram 695 581 kerala.
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Drug Review
On oral administration of onion (allium cepa) and garlic (a.sativum) sulfoxide amino
acids viz. S: methylcysteine sulfoxide (smcs) and s: allylcysteine sulfoxide (sacs) to
alloxan: diabetic rats for a month, their diabetic condition, being characterised by glucose
intolerance, weight loss, depletion of liver glycogen, etc. Was ameliorated as comparable
to rats treated with glibenclamide and insulin. However, only the last two drugs
significantly increased the conversion of labelled acetate to liver cholesterol which
indicates a deterrent effect of the allium products against the synthesis of a risk
factor. (c.g. sheela, kumud kumari and k.t. augusti, department of biochemistry,
university of kerala, thiruvananthapuram kerala).
 SUNTHI
Latin Name
: Zingiber officinale
Family
: Zingiberaceae
Synonyms
: Nagara, Mahaoushada, Sonth, Vishwabheshja
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa
: Katu
Guna
Virya : Ushna
: Laghu, Snigdha
Vipaka : Madhura
Doshaghnata : Kapha-vata Shamaka
Parts Used
: Rhizomes
Chemical Constituents :
It contains 0.25 to 3.0% of volatile oil possessing the aroma. The drug contains in
additional resin and about 56% of the starch. The crude fiber varies from 1.7% to 9.0%
with an average of 4.0%. The vitamins present in green ginger are Thiamine 0.06%,
Riboflavin 0.03%, Niacin 0.06% and Vitamin C 6.0 mg/100 gm, the carotene present in
40 mg/100gm.
The essential oil derived from dried ginger is greenish to yellow in color, mobile
with characteristic aromatic odor. The oil contains sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (50% or
more). Sesquiterpene alchoals, mesoterpenoids and associated compounds, esters of
acetic and carbolic acids and a trace of phennol.
Action: Deepana, Pachana, Shoolaprashamana, Shothahara, Vedanastapana, Ama
Pachana, Raktashodaka, Vrishya.
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Drug Review
Therapeutic uses: Aruchi, Agnimandya, Ajirna, Ama Vata, Kasa, Shwasa
Pharmacological Activities :

Z. officinale has been molluscicidal effect possessing efficacy t control the parasites
infection viz. schistosomiasis U. S. food and drug administration has included
Zingiber as a product that is generally regarded as safe (GRAS).

Ginger is used as an aromatic, carminative, stimulant and flavouring agent ginger oil
is used in mouth washes.

In additional medicine, it is used extensively for its specific action in rheumatism,
carminative, anti-inflammatory activity. (Sevaranjan V.V. & Indira Balachandran).

Zingiber officinale, according to ethno botanical data. It is being used by tribal and
other ethnic groups for rheumatic diseases. (Jain SK Ethno Botany, V7(1,2) 83-88).

Zingiber officinale exhibited marked anti-inflammatory activity in rat as compared to
pridinisolone. (Sharma AK, Singh RH. 1980)

Clinical study made by Singh et al and Joshi 1987 proved that Zingiber reduce
cholesterol level considerably in hyper-cholesterolemia in rats. (Griji J et al Inaidn J.,
Nutri. Def. (12) 433, 436).

Japanese herbalist Nabory Muramoto describes the traditional Japanese treatment of
spinal and joint problems with ginger oil in his book “Healing ourselves”.
In Tibetan medicine, ginger is regarded as promoting overall circulation of energy
in the body (Goea and Shander Welss, Growing and Using of Healing Herbs, 147)
 NIRGUNDI
Latin Name : Vitex nigundo
Family
: Verbenaceae
Synonyms
: Sephali, Sindhuvara, Sindhuka,Subha
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa
: Tikta, Katu, Kashaya
Guna : Laghu, Ruksha
Virya : Ushna
Vipaka : Katu
Parts Used: Leaf , roots, fruits
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Chemical Constituents :
The fresh leaves of the plant yields a pale green yellow oil on steam distillation.
The main constituents of the oil are aldehyde, ketone, phenolic derivative and cineol.
Other alkaloids present are nishindine and hydrocotylene, glucononitol P-hydroxy
benzoic acid, 3 – 6 dihydroxy benzoic acid, flavones, vitamin C and carotene are also
found.
Action: Vataghgna, jwaraghna, mutrajanan, artavajanan, shothaghna, rasayan. It is
beneficial for eyes and ears. Flowers of nirgundi having property to destroy
bacteria(jantu) (B.P.Guduchyadi verga).
Therapeutic uses: Vishaghna, Krimighna , It is having action against pain,
inflammation, Amavata, Krimi, Kustha, Aruchi, Kaphajawara.
Pharmacological action : It is well known drug having analgesic, anti-inflammatory
activities and is useful in acute rheumatism. The leaves are used in febrile condition and
in puerperal state.
Ethyl acetate extract of leaves of Vitex negundo produced anti-inflammatory
effect against carragenin bradykinia and 5-HT induced rat hind paw edema. The extract
exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effect on subacute, chronic and immunological
studies. A compound isolated form V. negundo leaves showed significant antiinflammatory property on acute inflammation. The seed extracts were found less potent
than leaf extract.
Ether and saline extracts of the leaves exhibited antibacterial effect against
staphylococcus aurous and E. coli infection. Butanol extract of root possessed antiinflammatory and analgesics effect. Pet, ether, butanol, chloroform extract of root and
leaf produced antispasmodic effect.
C. DRUGS OF SHIVA GUGGUL
Shiva guggul comprises of following drugs –Haritki, Bibhitka, Amalki,Eranda tail,
Guggul, Gandhak, Rasna,Vidanga, Maricha, Pippali, Danti, Jatamansi, Shunthi,
Devadaru(Bh.Ratnavali-Aamvat rogaadhikar Pg-136-139)
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 HARITAKI
Latin Name: Terminalia chebula
Family
: Combretaceae
Synonyms : Abhaya, Pathya , Shiva, Amrita, Harad, Chebulic myrobalan
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa: Pancarasa except Lavana (Kasaya pradhana)
Veerya: Usna
Guna: Laghu, Ruksa
Vipakaa: Madhura
Dosaghnata :Tridosa
Part Used
: Fruit
Chemical Constituents : Anthraquinone, glycoside, chebulinic acid, chebulagic acid,
tannic acid, terchebin, tetrachebulin, Vit. C, arachidic, behenic, linoleic, oleic, palmitic
and
stearic acids (fruit kernel), chebulin (flowers); 2--hydroxy micromeric acid,
maslinic acid and 2--hydroxy urosolic acid (leaves).
Actions: Fruits are astringent, sweet acrid, bitter, sour, thermogenic, anodyne, antiinflammatory, vulnerary, alterant, stomachic, laxative, purgative, carminative, digestive,
anthelmintic, dentrifice, cardiotonic, aphrodisiac, antiseptic, diuretic, febrifuge,
depurative and tonic.
They are useful in wounds and ulcers inflammation, skin diseases, leprosy,
stomatitis, hyperacidity and associated gastric disorders, anorexia, indigestion, flatulence,
constipation, haemorrhoid, jaundice, hepato-splenomegaly, other abdominal diseases,
helminthiasis, anaemia, delirium, pharyngitis, hiccough.
Pharmacological Activities
: Antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial, antistress,
antispasmodic, hypotensive, indurance, promoting activity, anti-hepatitis B virus activity,
hypolipidaemic, inhibitory activity, against HIV-I protease, anthelmentic, purgative.
Substitutes and Adulterants : T-citrina Roxb. found in the foothills of Himalayas from
Nepal eastwards to Assam is called Haritaki in Bengali language and its fruits have
medicinal properties similar to that o T-chebula. Hence they are used medicinally as
those of T-chebula.
- Antimicrobial against aspergillus Niger.
- It is having healing property by decrease in breaking strength.
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 BIBHITAKA
Latin name
Family
: Terminalia bellirica
: Combretaceae
Synonyms
: Karshaphala, Aksha, Kalidrum, Bheda, Belliric myrobalan
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa
: Kashaya
Guna
: Ruksha, Laghu
Virya
: Ushna
Vipaka
: Madhura
Doshaghnata : Tridosha Shamaka (Vishesha Kapha Shamaka)
Part Used: Fruit, seed, bark
Chemical Constituents : Chebulagesic acid, ellagic acid and its ethyl ester, gallic acid,
fructose, galactose, glucose and its galroyl derivative, mannitol, and Rhamnose, sitosteroll and ballericacin, protein and oxalic acid (seed); oxalic acid and tannin (bark);
palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids (kernel and its oil).
Actions : The bark is mildly diuretic and is useful in anaemia and leucoderma. Fruits are
astringent, acrid, sweet, thermogonic, anti-inflammatory, anodyne, styptic, narcotic,
digestive, anthelmintic, aperient, expectorant, ophthalmic, antipyretic, anti-emetic, and
rejuvenating. They are useful in cough, asthma, bronchitis, pharyngitis, insomnia, dropsy,
dyspepsia, flatulence, dipsia, vomiting, cardiac disorders, haemorrhage, ophthalmic
disorders, strangury, splenomegaly, cephalagia, skin diseases, leprosy, fevers, ulcers and
general debility. The mature and dry fruit is constipating and is useful in diarrhea and
dysentery.
Pharmacological Activities
antihistaminic,
activity
:
against
Purgative blood pressure depressant, antifungal,
viral
hepatitis,
and
vitiligo,
antiasthamatic,
bronchodilatory, antispasmodic, antibacterial, anti-stress and endurance promoting
activity.
Substitutes And Adulterants : The bark of Terminalia bellirica Roxb. is used as
adulterant to bark of T-arjuna. The fruits of T-belerica are reported to be used as
substitute in tanning industry for T-chebula.
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Drug Review
Antimicrobial Component :
-
7-hydroxy 3, 4-methylenedioxy flavan
-
2, 3 – bis – (4 – hydroxyl benzyl – 1), amolignan B.
Amolignan B was reported to have HIV – I reverse transcriptase inhibitory
activity. (Phytomedicine V 3(suppl. 1) P – 181, 1996/97)
 AMALAKI
Latin name
: Embilica officinalis
Family
: Euphorbiaceae
Synonyms
: Dhatri, Amalaki, Amala, Indian Gooseberry
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa
:Pancha Rasa (Lavana Varjita), Amla Pradhana
Guna
: Guru, Ruksha, Sheeta
Virya
: Sheeta
Vipaka
: Madhura
Doshaghnata
: Tridosha Shamaka (especially Pitta Shamaka)
Part Used
: Fruit , root, bark, leaf
Chemical Constituents: Fruit contains gallic acid, tannic acid, sugars, albumin, cellulose
and minerals. The fruit is one of the richest natural sources of vitamin C, containing up to
720 mg/100g of fresh pulp and 921 mg/100cc of pressed juice. Other contents are as
follows: Moisture 81.20, protein 0.5, fat 0.1, minerals 0.7, fibre 3.4, carbohydrate 14.1,
calcium 0.05, phosphorus 0.02 % and iron 1.2 mg, nicotinic acid 0.2 mg per 100gms. of
fruit.
Actions :Dahaprashamana, Chakshushya, Keshya, Medhya, Rochana, Deepana,
Anulomana, Vrishya, Rasayana, Pramehagana, Yakrutautejaka.
Therapeutic uses: Prameha, Hridroga, Yakritroga, Kustha, Raktapitta.
Pharmacological Actions: Fresh fruit is diuretic and laxative. Fruit is also carminative
and stomachic. Dried fruit is sour and astringent. The dried fruit is used as a decoction to
treat ophthalmia when applied externally, and is used internally as a haemostatic and
antidiarrheal (Nadkarni 1954, 482). Both the fresh juice and crushed seeds are combined
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Drug Review
with Haridra as an effective treatment for diabetes (Sharma 2002, 327; Dash and Junius
1983, 90)
 ERANDA TAIL:
It is extracted from the seeds of Eranda.
ERANDA:
Latin name
Family
Synonyms
: Ricinus communis
: Euphorbiaceae
: Gandarva hasta, Panchangula, Vyagrapucha, Readi, Andi
Pharmacodynamics :
Rasa
: Madhura, (Anurasa- Katu,Kashaya)
Guna
: Snigdha, Tikshna, Sukshma
Virya
: Ushna
Vipaka
: Madhura
Doshaghnata
: Kapha-Vata Shamaka
Part Used: Seeds
Chemical Constituents: Seeds contain moisture 5.1-5.6%, protein 12-16%, oil 4550.6%, N- free extr. 3.1-7-0, crude fibre 23.1-27.2% & ash 2-2.2%. Globulins constitute
c-60% of the total proteins in the seed. It also contains high phosphorus content,
phospholipids 0.12%, uric acid, HCN, minerals, resins, an alkjaloid- Ricinine & a viscous
dark green oil, enzymes- lipase, amylase, invertase, catalase, peroxidase &
reductase.Castor oil consists principally of Ricinoleic acid which occurs to the extent of
90% & is responsible for high viscosity. Stearic, oleic, linoleic & dihydroxystearic acid
are also present in small quantities. Tocopherols, beta-Sitosterol etc. are also present.
Actions (Karma): Shitahara, Vedanasthapana, Deepana Bhedana, Amashodhana,
Amapachana.
Therapeutic uses: It is useful in Katishoola, Gradhrasi, Amavata Pakshghata,
Kampavata, Udararoga, Gulama, Arsha, etc.
Pharmacological Actions: it is widely used as a cathartic and also for lubrication &
illumination. The strong laxative property of castor oil is reported to be due to the local
irritant action caused in the intestine by the Ricinoleic acid formed by the hydrolysis
under the influence of the lipolytic enzymes. The motor activity of the bowel is
107
Drug Review
stimulated, without much griping & the hastened peristalsis permits little time for the
absorption of water from the intestinal contents. Copious liquid stools are produced in the
6 hrs. after of the oil. The unhydrolysed oil is washed out & hence the drug automatically
limits its action. Pure Ricinoleic acid & its esters have also cathartic action. Frequent use
of castor oil may produce severe intestinal irritation & deficiency states.
Fatal dose (human beings):- 2.5- 6 seeds
Principal toxic substance is the albumin, ricin. (The wealth of India)
 GUGGUL
Latin Name : Commiphora Mukul
Family
: Burseraceae
Synonyms
: Guggulu, Palankash, Mahishaaksha, Pura, Kalaniryasa,
Kaushik,Gugal, Gubdee, Gum, Guggul, Indian bedellium, Hill mango
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa:
Tikta Katu
Guna:
Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshan, Vishada, Sukshma, Sara,
Virya:
Ushna,
Vipaka:
Katu,
Doshghanta:
Part used
Tridoshahara,
: Latex (Gum exudates)
Chemical Constituents :It contains 6 - 10 % moisture, Volatile Oil, Gum consists of alpha pinane,
Myrcene, Eugeneol, Cadinine, Giraniol, Methyl hepetazone, Lymonene, Methyl thavicol.
Guggulu contain guggulu sterone which is it's main active principle.Guggulu sterone
activate lipolytick enzymes in plasma, liver and stimulates receptor mediated
catabolisiom of LD. It inhibits hepatic cholosterol biosynthesis increases faecal Bile acid,
secretion and enhances plasma, lecithin-cholestrol, acyl-tranferase activity.
Action:
Lekhana, Ropana, Vedana Sthapana, Nadibalya,Deepana, Saraka, Mutrala,
Raktavardhaka,Rasayana. It increases W.B.C. count and haemoglobin. It is stimulant,
kills microorganisms (Rogajantughna). It is blood purifier (Raktashodhaka) so it is used
in Gonorrhoea.
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Drug Review
Therapeutic uses: Udararoga ,Urustambha , Shodhan, Karnadaurgandhya, Shwasa ,
Krimi, Vato-udara, Pliha, Shopha,Arsha,Gridhrasi, Krosthushirsha, Vidradh, Amlapitta,
Vrana, Bhagandara
Pharmacologial Action:
Hypolipidamic,Hypocholesteremic,
Antibecterial,
Antiarthritic, Antiinflammotory, Anti atheroschlerotic.
 GANDHAK
Latin name
: Sulphur
Chemical Formula
:S
Synonyms
: Kushthari, Kitaghna, Pamari , Baali,
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa:
Madhu
Guna:
Snigdha, Tikshan
Virya:
Ushna,
Vipaka:
Katu,
Doshghanta:
Tridoshahara
Actions: Kandu, Kushtha, Visarpa, Dadru, Tvakdosa, Amadosa, Visadosa, Krimidosa,
Pliharoga, Amajirna, Mandagni, Netraroga, Ksayaroga etc
Therapeutic uses: According to Rasa Ratna Samuchchaya, Gandhaka is said to be
useful in Kandu, Kushtha, Visarpa, Dadru, Tvakdosa, Amadosa, Visadosa, Krimidosa,
Pliharoga, Amajirna, Mandagni, Netraroga, Ksayaroga etc. It is also said to be Vishahara,
Deepana and Rasayana. However, in Ayurvedic texts we do not find the detailed
description of the pharmacological action of Gandhaka. (R. R. S. 3/16)
Pharmacological Actions: It increases the production of bile & has a laxative, diuretic &
germicidal effect. Internal administration in small quantities acts as a stimulant to
secretary organs & is excreted in the sweat, milk & urine. It has specific action on the
rectum & increases the haemorrhoidal secretions on large doses it acts as a purgative.
ACTION ON THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Since the Sulphur is Deepana, Pachana, Yakriduttejaka and Pittasaraka, it
performs the above actions. It is converted in to Sulphide form at intestines, and increases
the peristalsis and as such it acts as a mild laxative. Sulphur causes soft defecation
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Drug Review
without any pain. It acts as germicide also. Prolonged use of Sulphur may produce
dyspepsia and colitis. Owing to the above pharmacological actions, sulphur is very
commonly used in Agnimandya, Ajeerna, Shoola, intestinal parasitic infestation etc.
ACTIONS ON THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Sulphur is Rakta Sodhaka and as such it is very commonly used in Rheumatism,
Rheumatoid Arthritis etc. blood related disorders.
ACTIONS ON THE SKIN
Sulphur is stated to be Kushthaghna and as such it is used in Kushtha, Visarpa,
Vicharchika and various other skin diseases in individual form or in the form of some
combinations.
ASSIMILATION : Sulphur is absorbed as Rasayana, Vishaghna and Yogavahi. Owing to
such absorption it is used in general debility. In lead poisoning sulphur is used as
antidotes because it prevents the absorption of the lead in the intestines.
EXTERNAL ACTIONS: When mixed with some greasy substance and applied on the
skin, it gets converted into sulphide form which is a mild irritant and acts as anti pruritus
(Kandhughna) and anti parasitic (Krimighna).
 RASNA
Latin Name
: Pluchea lanceolata
Family
: Compositae
Synonyms
: Yukta, Rasna, Elaparani, Raysan , Lesser Galangal
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa: Tikta
Guna: Guru
Virya: Ushna
Vipaaka: Katu
Doshaghnataa: Kapha, Vaata
Part used
Prabhaava: Vishaghna
: Root
Chemical Constituents : The aerial parts contain five new terpenic glycosides viz.
linaloyl
glucoside,
methyl-apiosyl-glucoside,
9-hydroxylinaloyl
plucheosides A and B besides 15 known compounds.
110
glucoside
and
Drug Review
The roots contain a new glycoside, plucheoside C, three new eudesmane-type
sesquiterpenes, plucheols A and B and plucheoside E and three new lignan glycosides,
plucheosides D1, D2 and D3
(Uchiyama et al, Phytochemistry, 1989, 28, 3369; 1991, 30, 655).
In a recent investigation, quertecin and isarhamnetin were identified in the air dried
leaves (wealth of India).
Actions: Shothahara, Sheetahara, Vedanashamaka, Amapachaka, CNS disease,
inflammation, toothache. It is mainly used in disease similar to rheumatoid arthritis. A
decoction of the plant has been reported to prevent the swelling of joints in experimental
arthritis.
Therapeutic uses: Jwaraghna, vishaghna, vrishya, rasayana, kasa shwasahara.
Pharmacological Action : This drug has two primary actions Acetylcholine like action
and smooth muscle relaxant action on different muscle preparation.
Petroleum ether extract of roots showing 45.5% anti-inflammatory activity.
Sorghumol and chloroform soluble fraction of methanolic extract showing 54.5% antiinflammatory activity (M.A.P.A. 9102 – 1006 – Chawla, Chandrigarh).
Extract of stem and leaves of pul. Exhibited 31.9% and 54.5% antioedema
activity with petroleum ether extract and chloroform soluble portion of methanolic
extract respectively. On fractionation, these extracts yielded moretenol acetate,
moretenol, neolupenol in addition to other aliphatic compounds (M.A.P.A. 9105 – 2939
Chawla Chandigarh)
Recent study:
The methanol fraction of Pluchea indica Less root extract (PIRE) produces
significant anti-inflammatory activity against glucose oxidase-induced paw edema (in
vivo), inhibits hydroxyl radical and superoxide generation, lysis of erythrocytes induced
by hydrogen peroxide, CCl(4)-induced lipid peroxidation and also dioxygenase activity
of lipoxygenase (both in the presence and absence of hydrogen peroxide).
(Sen T et, al Phytother Res. 2002 Jun;16(4):331-5)
Pluchea indica Less root extract (PI-E) has effect on locomotor activity and
pentobarbital-induced sleep, social isolation-induced aggressive behavior, motor
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Drug Review
coordination in the rotarod test, pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsion and nociceptive
responses in the tail-pinch test
(Thongpraditchote S et, al Biol Pharm Bull. 1996 Mar;19(3):379-83)
 VIDANGA
Latin name
:
Embelia ribes
Family
:
Myrsinaceae
Synonyms
:
Chitratandula, Jantunashan, vishanashan, Krimighna
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa
:
Virya
: Ushna
Doshaghanta
:
Part used
:
Katu
Guna
: Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna
Vipaka : Katu
Kapha Vatahara
Fruit
Chemical Constituents :Embelin (2.5 –3 %), Christembine, Qvasritala (1 %), Tannin.
Action: Deepana, Pachana,Shothahara , Shirovirechana
Therapeutic uses: Krimighna, Triptighna, Kushthaghna, ,
Pharmacological action :
Vidanga having + grade (+ = mild active), as per “the
antibacterial activity of some Ayurvedic drugs.” (Jour. Res. Ind. Med. 9:2, 1974 page
65).Embelia ribes having anti-bacterial effect, as per “A complication, rational basis of
the use of medicinal plants in skin disease” (Indian drugs 35(1) Jan. 1998).Zutshi
U,Sharma SC et al;Embelia ribes is reported to be an effective analgesic.
(Pharmacology,1990;40:179)
Chitra,M.Devi,C.S.et al;Embelin is reported to have antitumour & anti-microbial and
analgesic activity.(Indian J.Med.Sci.Res.,1994,22:87)
 MARICHA
Latin name : Piper nigrum
Family
: Piperaceae
Synonyms
: Maricham, Hapusha, Ushanam, Golamiricha, Black pepper
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa
: Katu
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Drug Review
Guna
: Laghu, Tikshna
Virya
: Ushna
Vipaka
: Katu
Doshaghnata
: Vata -Kapha Shamaka
Part Used: Fruit
Chemical Constituents: It contains a volatile alkaloid Piperine 5-9%, Piperdine 5%, a
balsamic volatile essential oil 1-2%, fat 7%, masocarp contains Chavicin, a balsamic
volatile oil, starch, lignin, gum, fat 1%, proteids 7% and containing organic matter 5%.
Actions : Deepana, Pachana, Krimiagana, Kusthagana, Pramathi.
Therapeutic uses: Agnimandya, Ajirna, Kasa, Shwasa, Adhamana,
Skin diseases,
Jawara.
Pharmacological actions-Effect of piperine on pentobarbitone induced hypnosis in
rats.[Mujumdar AM, Dhuley JN, Deshmukh VK, Raman PH, Thorat SL, Naik
SR.Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hindustan Antibiotics Ltd, Pimpri,
Pune, India.]Piperine (1-peperoyl piperidine), a major alkaloid isolated from Piper
nigrum Linn, potentiated pentobarbitone sleeping time in dose dependant manner, with
peak effect at 30 min. Blood and brain pentobarbitone levels were higher in piperine
treated animals. Piperine treatment in rats, treated chronically with phenobarbitone,
significantly potentiated pentobarbitone sleeping time, as compared to the controls.Effect
of co-administration of piperine on pharmacokinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics in
rats.[Hiwale AR, Dhuley JN, Naik SR.Research and Development Division of Hindustan
Antibiotics Limited, Pimperi, Pune 411 018, India.] Co-administration of piperine, an
alkaloid isolated from Piper nigrum L. enhanced bioavailability of beta lactam
antibiotics, amoxycillin trihydrate and cefotaxime sodium significantly in rats.
Permeability characteristics of piperine on oral absorption--an active alkaloid from
peppers and a bioavailability enhancer.[Khajuria A, Zutshi U, Bedi KL.Isotope Section,
Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu-Tawi, India.]Piperine, [1-[5-[1,3-benzodioxol-5yl]-1-oxo-2,4, pentadienyl] piperidine], is a pungent alkaloid present in Piper nigrum
Linn, and P. longum Linn. It is shown to enhance the bioavailability of various
structurally and therapeutically diverse drugs. A concise mechanism responsible for its
bioavailability enhancing action is poorly understood. Data thus obtained suggested that
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Drug Review
piperine is absorbed very fast across the intestinal barrier. It may act as an apolar
molecule and form apolar complex with drugs and solutes. It may modulate membrane
dynamics due to its easy partitioning thus helping in efficient permeability across the
barriers.
 Aromatic, Acrid, Hot, Carminative, antiperiodic. Piperine is a mild antipyretic &
antiperodic.(K. M. Nadkarni Indian Materia Medica, Pg. No. 969, Vol-1,3rd
edition)
 PIPPALI
Latin name
: Piper longum
Family
: Piperaceae
Synonyms
: Maagadhi, Vaidehi, Krishna, Kanaa, Chapala, Ushna,
Upkulyaa, Tikshnatandulaa. Pipal, Pipali, Long Pepper
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa
: Katu
Guna
: Laghu, Snigdha, Tikshna
Virya
: Anushna Sheeta
Vipaka
: Madhura
Doshaghnata
: Vata-Kapha Shamaka
Part Used: Fruit
Chemical Constituents: Resins, volatile oil, starch, gum, fatty oil, inorganic matter & an
alkaloid, Piperine 1- 2%.
Actions: Deepana, Shirovirechana, Medhya, Raktashodhaka, Mootral, Vrishya,
Rasayana.
Therapeutic uses: Aruchi, Agnimandya, Gulma, Yakrutroga, Krimi, Raktavikara, Kasa,
Shwasa, Hikka, Kustha.
Pharmacological actions: This drug is effective in the treatment of the diseases of
Pranavaha
srotas(Abhang
R1994,Anshuman
P.S
et.al
1984),effective
in
Giardiasis(Agarwal A.K.et al 1994),anti allergic(Dahanukar S.A et al 1984),Immuno
stimulatory(Tripati D.M et al 1999),effective in asthma(Upadhyaya et.al 1982),Anti
114
Drug Review
pyretic(Singh et al 1973),analgesic(Singh et al 1973),anti inflammatory (Singh et al
1973). Co-administration of piperine, an alkaloid isolated from Piper nigrum L. enhanced
bioavailability of beta lactam antibiotics, amoxycillin trihydrate and cefotaxime sodium
significantly in rats. Permeability characteristics of piperine on oral absorption--an active
alkaloid from peppers and a bioavailability enhancer.[Khajuria A, Zutshi U, Bedi
KL.Isotope Section, Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu-Tawi, India.]Piperine, [1-[5[1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl]-1-oxo-2,4, pentadienyl] piperidine], is a pungent alkaloid present
in Piper nigrum Linn, and P. longum Linn. It is shown to enhance the bioavailability of
various structurally and therapeutically diverse drugs. A concise mechanism responsible
for its bioavailability enhancing action is poorly understood. Data thus obtained
suggested that piperine is absorbed very fast across the intestinal barrier. It may act as an
apolar molecule and form apolar complex with drugs and solutes. It may modulate
membrane dynamics due to its easy partitioning thus helping in efficient permeability
across the barriers.
This Rasayana drug is useful in Pranavaha srotodushti Vikaras as per the classical
references (Ch.Chi 1/pa-3/34-35) and is quite useful in Pinasa (B.P).
 DANTI
Latin name
: Baliospermum Montenum
Family
: Euphorbiaceae
Synonyms
: Udumbaraparni, Eranda phala, Shighra
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa
: Katu,
Guna
: Guru, Tikshna
Virya
: Ushna
Vipaka
: Katu
Doshaghnata : Kapha Pittahara,
Part used
: Seeds & roots
Chemical Constituents: Resin, Croton oil, Starch
Actions : Sothahara, Veedanasthapna, Pittasara, Virechan, Krimighna
Pharmacological Actions: Jalodar,Kamla,gulma, arsha, jwara, twak vicar, shwas roga,
ashmari, sarpa visha.
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Drug Review
 JATAMANSI
Latin Name
: Nardostaychyus Jatamansi
Family
: Valerianaceae
Synonyms
: Mansi, Jatila, Tamsi, Sulomasha, Indian spikenard, Balcchad
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa : Tikta
Guna : laghu,Snigdha
Virya :Sheeta
Vipak: Katu
Doshaghanata : Tridoshahar
Part used
Prabhava: Manasdoshnashak
: Root
Chemical Constituents: : 2% Volatie oil containing on unidentified Ester an
alchol,
two Alkaloids. (Bose et al - 1957). It also contain Resine, Sugar,Stracha.'Jatamansicacid', Jatamansone & Nardostachys Ketones. It also countains Oroselol, Oroselone,
Anagelic acid , Dehydrojatamansion.
Actions:Balya,Medhya,Kantiprada,Bhutangana,Vishahara, Dahaprashamana
Therapeutic uses: Sangyasthapana , Nidrajanana , Shamaka , Pittasaraka ,Hriday
Niyamaka , Reduce blood pressure.
Pharmacological actions :The oil free Aqueous of Nardostaychus Jatamansi showed a
transient hypotencive effect & ECG changes in dog heart. (sheatn & kekre - 1956)
Various extract of Jatamansi roots showed both sedative action in rats & revealed by
physical in activation and potentiol of Phelobarbitone Sobium slepping time in rats &
the hypotonsive activity in rates ( Gupta et al 1966)
The oil was tried on case of Neurocirculatory Asthenia & related Cardiac condition like
functional
Cardiac
Neurosis,
Cardiac
Arrythamias,
Menopausal-Syndromes,
Hypertensive states etc. showed encouraging results perticularly with respect to
improvement in subjective parameters. (Vakil & Dalal)
It is also useful in Epilepsy, Hysteria, Palpitation of Heart, Hypertensive, Diuretic,Antihistaminic,Anti-arrhythmic, Sedative.
 SHUNTHI
Already described
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Drug Review
 DEVDARU
Latin Name
:Cedrus devdaro
Family
:Pinaceae
Synonyms
:Daru, indradaru, mastdaru, kilim, devdar, pinus
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa:
Tikta, katu
Guna:
Veerya: Ushana
Part used
Laghu snigdha
Vipaka: Katu
: Patra, Tail, Kanda
Chemical Constituents: : An alcaloid resin known as kelankatel and dark coloured oil
or tar resembling crude turpentine are found.
Actions : Kapha -Vatashamak, Bacteriocidal, Healing, Analgesics, Appetizer, Digestant,
laxative, Cardio stimulant.
Therapeutic uses: The woody portion is carminative, diaphoretic and diuretic. It is used
in fever, flatulence, dropsy, urinary disease. Renin and turpentine are used externally in
skin diseases.
Pharmacological Actions: Phirang, Amavata, shleepad, shiroshool, kushtha, karnashool
C. DRUGS OF AMRIT MANJARI RASA
Amrit manjari rasa has comprises of the following drugs- Hingul, Visha(Vatsanabha),
Kana (Pippali), Maricha, Tankan, Jatikosh (Javitri), Jambir
(Bhaisajya Ratnavali Aamvatrogadhikar-171-173)
 HINGUL
Latin name
: Sulphuretum hydrargyri
Chemical name : mercury sulphide
Chemical formula:Rasodbhava, hanspada, lohghna, darad, churna parad,
Shuktunda, cinnabar
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa
:Tikta, kashaya, kashay
Guna :Snigdha
Virya
:Ushna
Vipak :Madhur
Doshaghnata :Tridoshaghna
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Drug Review
Action: Deepan, aampachak, virshya, & vishaghna, deha-bal-buddhi-vardhan
Therapeutic: Netrarogaghna, kushthaghna, kamla, pleeharoga, hallas, aamvat, premeha,
jwar, urustambha, klaibya, sarvaroga, pakshaghat har etc.
 VATSANABHA
Latin name
: Aconitum ferox
Family
: Ranunuculaceae
Synonyms
: Vatsanabha,Amrit,Visha, Bachanaga,Meetha Visha
Monk’s hood
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa
: Madhur
Guna
: Laghu, Tikshna,Vyavayi,Vikasi
Virya
: Ushna
Vipaka
: Madhur
Doshaghnata
: Vata –Kapha Shamaka
Part Used: Root
Chemical Constituents:
Actions: Shothahara, Vednasthapan, Uttejak, Rochan, Deepan, Swedajanan, Krimighna,
Pachan,
Therapeutic uses: Aamvathar,Girdhrasihar, Sandh-vatahar, Shirashulhar,Udarvikar,
Agnimandya, Shula, Nasta artava, Shukrameha,Kushthaghna, Krimighna. Ajirna, Shwas,
Jwara
 PIPPALI
-Already described
 MARICHA
-Already described
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Drug Review
 TANKAN
Chemical name
: Sodium pyroborate
Chemical Formula
: Na2 B4O7.10H2o0
Synonyms
: Tanka, Tanga, Lohashoshodhan, Saubhagya, Kshar raj,
Sitakshara, Suhaga, Borex
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa
:Katu
Guna
:Tikshna Ruksha,Sarak
Virya
:Ushna
Doshaghnata:Vatashamak
Actions:
Kaphasarak,
Vishhara,
Aartavajanan,
Tvakdosahar,
Amadoshaha,
Krimidosahar, Aadhamanhar,Yakrituttejak etc
Therapeutic uses: According to Rasa Rasa Tarangni, Tankan is said to be useful in
Kandu, Kushtha, Shwas,Kasa,Varnahar,Mutra roga ,Netra roga,Karnasrava,Hridroga. etc.
 JAVITRI
Latin name
: Myristica fragrans
Family
: Myristicaceae
Synonyms
: Jatiphal,Jatikosha,Maltiphal, Jayphal, Nutmegtree
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa
: Tikta,Katu
Guna
: Laghu, Tikshna
Virya
: Ushna
Vipaka
: Katu
Doshaghnata
: Kapha-Vata Shamaka
Part Used: Seed, Kosh(Javitri)
Chemical Constituents: It’s seed’s contains a volatile essential oil 6-16%, Protein
7.5%, Starch14.6-24.2%, Minerals 1.7% and Javitri contain volatile essential oil 4-15%,
Pectin , Amylodectran are 25% . Its volatile essential oil contain myristicin ,myristic acid
D-Paineen,D-Kaphein,Ujinol etc.
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Drug Review
Actions: Shothahara, Vednasthapan, Uttejak, Durgandhhara, Kitaghana, Kusthaghana,
Pramathi.
Therapeutic uses:
Agnimandya, Ajirna, Vistambha,Atisar,Ghrahani, Adhamana,
,Jawara Skin disease,Anidra.
 JAMBIR
Latin name
Family
Synonyms
: Citrous limon
: Rutaceae
: Jambir, dantshtha, jambu, Jambiri nibu, the lemon of India
Pharmacodynamics:
Rasa
: Amla
Guna
: Guru, Tikshna
Virya
: Ushna
Vipaka
: Amla
Doshaghnata
: Kapha-Vata Shamaka, Pittavardhak
Part Used: Fruit, Bark,Leaf
Chemical Constituents: It’s fruit
contains a yellowish volatile essential oil and
nimbuka acid etc.
Actions: Rochan, Deepan, Krimighna, Pachan, Anuloman, Pittasarak.
Therapeutic uses:Agnimandya, Aruchi, Trishna, Vaman, Shula, Vibandha,Krimighna.
Ajirna, Shwas, Kasa .
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Drug Review
THE PROFILES OF INGREDIENTS OF VAITRANA VASTI
S.No.
Ingredients
1.
Saindhav
Rasa
Guna
Virya
Vipaka
Doshaghnata
Lavan,Madhur
Snighdha,Tikshna,
Sheet
Madhura
Tridoshaghna
Ushna
Madhura
Tridoshaghna
(Sodium chloride)
2.
Guda
Sukshama
Madhur
Snighdha,Ushna
(Jaggery)
3.
Chincha
(acc. to anupan)
Madhur,Amla
Ruksha,Sara
Ushna
Amla
Vata Shamak
Katu
Laghu,
Ushna
Katu
Tridoshaghna
Ushna
Madhur
Vata shamaka
(Tamarindus
indicus)
4.
Go mutra
(Cow Urine)
5.
Tila tail
(Sesamum
Ruksha,Tikshna
Madhur,Kashaya,
Guru, Snighdha
Tikta
indicum)
THE PROFILES OF INGREDIENTS OF RASONADI KWATH
S.No.
Ingredients
1.
Rasona
(Allium sativum)
2.
Shunthi
Rasa
Guna
Virya
Vipaka
Doshaghnata
Madhur, Lavan ,
Snigdha,Tikshna,
Ushna
Katu
Katu, Tikta,Kashaya
Picchil,Guru
Katu
Snigdha,Laghu
Ushna
Madhur
K-V Shamak
Tikta,Katu, Kashaya
Laghu,Ruksha
Ushna
Katu
V –K Shamak
(Zingiber
officinale)
3.
Nirgundi
(Vitex nigundo)
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Drug Review
THE PROFILES OF INGREDIENTS OF SHIVA GUGGUL
S.No.
Ingredients
1.
Hartiki
2.
Rasa
Guna
Virya
Vipaka
Doshaghnata
Ushna
Madhura
V –K Shamak ,
Pancha Rasa
Laghu,
(Terminalia
(lavane
Ruksha
chebula)
varjita)
Bibhitki
Kashaya
tridoshaghna
(mainly vatashamak)
Ruksha, Laghu
Ushna
Madhura
(Terminalia
(mainly Kapha
bellerica)
3.
4.
Tridoshaghna
shamaka)
Amalki
Pancha rasa
Guru Ruksha
(emblica
(larana rahita)
Seeta
officinalis)
amla pradhana
Eranda tail
Madhura
(Ricinus
Sheeta
Madhura
Tridosh shamak
(mainly
Pittashamak)
Snigdha , Tikshna,
Ushna
Madhura
K-V Shamak
Ushna
Katu
K-V Shamak
Sukshma
communis)
5.
Guggul
Katu, Tikta
(Commiphora
mukul)
6.
Gandhak
Laghu, Ruksha,
Tikshna, Vishada,
Sukshma, Sara
Madhura
Tikshna, Snigdha
Ushna
Katu
K-V Shamak
Tikta
Guru
Ushna
Katu
K-V Shamak
Katu, Kasaya
Laghu, Ruksha,
Ushna
Katu
K-V Shamak
Ushna
Katu
Vata-kapha shamaka
Anushna
Madhura
K-V Shamak
(Sulphur)
7.
Rasna
(Pluchea
lanceolata)
8.
Vidanga
(Embelia ribes)
9.
Maricha
Tikshna
Katu
(Piper longum)
10.
Pippali
Katu
(piper longum)
11.
Danti
Laghu, Tikshna
Laghu, Snighdha
Tikshna
Sheeta
Katu
Guru, Tikshna
Ushna
Katu
K-P Shamak
Tikta
Laghu ,Snigdha
Sheeta
Katu
Tridosha Shamak
Katu
Snigdha,Laghu
Ushna
Madhur
K-V Shamak
Tikta, Katu
Laghu ,Snigdha
Ushna
Katu
V-K Shamak
(Baliospermum
montenum)
12.
Jatamansi
(Nardostaychyus
jatamansi)
13.
Shunthi (Zingiber
officinale)
14.
Devadaru
(Cedrus devdaro)
122
Drug Review
THE PROFILES OF INGREDIENTS OF AMRIT MANJARI RAS
S.No.
Ingredients
1.
Hingul
(Murcury
Rasa
Guna
Virya
Vipaka
Doshaghnata
Tikta ,Kashaya,
Snighdha
Ushna
Madhura
Tridoshaghna
Laghu,Tikshna,
Ushna
Madhura
V-K shamaka
Laghu, Snighdha
Anushna
Madhura
K-V Shamak
Tikshna
Sheeta
Katu
Laghu, Tikshna
Ushna
Katu
V-K shamaka
Katu
Tikshna,Ruksha,Sarak
Ushna
Katu
Vata shamaka
Tikta,Katu
Laghu, Tikshna
Ushna
Katu
V-K shamaka
Amla
Guru,Tikshna
Ushna
Amla
K-V Shamak
Katu
sulphide)
2.
Vatsnabha
Madhur
(Aconitum ferox)
3.
Pippali
Vyavayi, Vikasi
Katu
(piper longum)
4.
Maricha
(Piper longum)
5.
Tankan
(Sodium
pyroborate)
6.
Javitri
(Myristica
fragrans)
7.
Jambir
(Citrus limon)
123