BIOAVAILABILITY ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES OF HERBAL MEDICINE: A CASE EXAMPLE OF CURCUMIN
... of human diseases especially for cancer therapeutics. It was proved to be safe even used at very high dose. However, due to its very low bioavailability, curcumin has not yet been approved as a therapeutic agent. Many attempts have been made to increase curcumin bioavailability via the increase of i ...
... of human diseases especially for cancer therapeutics. It was proved to be safe even used at very high dose. However, due to its very low bioavailability, curcumin has not yet been approved as a therapeutic agent. Many attempts have been made to increase curcumin bioavailability via the increase of i ...
The Proton Pump Inhibitor, Omeprazole, but Not Lansoprazole or
... The inhibitory DDIs listed above have been attributed, at least in part, to inhibition of CYP2C19 by omeprazole. However, clinically relevant DDIs with omeprazole are generally of low magnitude [ⱕ120% (2.2-fold) increase in plasma AUC of CYP2C19 substrates; (MTDI database)]. By way of comparison, th ...
... The inhibitory DDIs listed above have been attributed, at least in part, to inhibition of CYP2C19 by omeprazole. However, clinically relevant DDIs with omeprazole are generally of low magnitude [ⱕ120% (2.2-fold) increase in plasma AUC of CYP2C19 substrates; (MTDI database)]. By way of comparison, th ...
Cocrystal and Salt Forms of Furosemide: Solubility and Diffusion
... (PIC), isoniazid (INZ), and theophylline (THP), and identified with powder X-ray diffraction. Solid forms FSM−TMPZ (2:1), FSM−ANT (1:1), FSM−PPZ (1:1), and FSM−TOL ethanol solvate (1:1:1) were further characterized with single crystal Xray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry; a sesquihydra ...
... (PIC), isoniazid (INZ), and theophylline (THP), and identified with powder X-ray diffraction. Solid forms FSM−TMPZ (2:1), FSM−ANT (1:1), FSM−PPZ (1:1), and FSM−TOL ethanol solvate (1:1:1) were further characterized with single crystal Xray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry; a sesquihydra ...
Bioavailability & Bioequivalence
... reabsorption usually occurs in the proximal tubule Appearance of drug in the urine is the net result of filtration, secretion, and reabsorption ...
... reabsorption usually occurs in the proximal tubule Appearance of drug in the urine is the net result of filtration, secretion, and reabsorption ...
The Action of Tetracycline on Acne
... Mechanism of Action of Tetracycline Tetracycline is generally bacteriostatic against most organisms, but high concentrations of tetracycline can be bactericidal. The structure of tetracycline can be seen in the Figure 1. The antimicrobial action of tetracycline in acne occurs via protein synthesis i ...
... Mechanism of Action of Tetracycline Tetracycline is generally bacteriostatic against most organisms, but high concentrations of tetracycline can be bactericidal. The structure of tetracycline can be seen in the Figure 1. The antimicrobial action of tetracycline in acne occurs via protein synthesis i ...
Enhancing the Delivery of Resveratrol in Humans
... and animal models into clinical efficacious drugs. There are a number of mechanisms to explore which can be employed to potentially enhance the delivery of resveratrol to achieve therapeutic range. ...
... and animal models into clinical efficacious drugs. There are a number of mechanisms to explore which can be employed to potentially enhance the delivery of resveratrol to achieve therapeutic range. ...
Silaffins in Silica Biomineralization and Biomimetic Silica
... from frustules, spicules and scales to various species-specific elaborate forms [14]. Exoskeletons made of silica are convenient for these organisms because they provide a large specific surface area, leading to high adsorption capacities and unique mechanical stability. Amongst the silica biominera ...
... from frustules, spicules and scales to various species-specific elaborate forms [14]. Exoskeletons made of silica are convenient for these organisms because they provide a large specific surface area, leading to high adsorption capacities and unique mechanical stability. Amongst the silica biominera ...
Farewell, C hlora m phenicol? Is this T rue?
... chloramphenicol treatment go on to develop leukemia and based on epidemiologic studies, chloramphenicol has been strongly correlated with leukemogenesis.[13] Chloramphenicol-mediated hematotoxicity manifests as either a reversible, predictable, dose-dependent, early-onset, mild anemia characterized ...
... chloramphenicol treatment go on to develop leukemia and based on epidemiologic studies, chloramphenicol has been strongly correlated with leukemogenesis.[13] Chloramphenicol-mediated hematotoxicity manifests as either a reversible, predictable, dose-dependent, early-onset, mild anemia characterized ...
michelia champaca alba
... Ayurveda and Siddha medicine. It is being used in fever, colic, leprosy, post-partum protection3 and in eye disorders4. Juice of the leaves of Michelia champaca is given with honey in cases of colic. The flower oil is useful in cephalalgia, opthalmia and gout 5. The bark is used as a stimulant, expe ...
... Ayurveda and Siddha medicine. It is being used in fever, colic, leprosy, post-partum protection3 and in eye disorders4. Juice of the leaves of Michelia champaca is given with honey in cases of colic. The flower oil is useful in cephalalgia, opthalmia and gout 5. The bark is used as a stimulant, expe ...
Full Text
... Figure 1. Locomotion assay to identify drugs that rescue the scn1Lab mutant epilepsy phenotype. a, Schematic of the phenotypebased screening process. Chemical libraries can be coded and aliquoted in small volumes (75 L) into individual wells containing one mutant fish. The 96-well microplate is arr ...
... Figure 1. Locomotion assay to identify drugs that rescue the scn1Lab mutant epilepsy phenotype. a, Schematic of the phenotypebased screening process. Chemical libraries can be coded and aliquoted in small volumes (75 L) into individual wells containing one mutant fish. The 96-well microplate is arr ...
Aqueous fraction of Opuntia elatior
... I am thankful to my honorable teacher and supervisor, Abdullah-Al-Faysal, Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy, East West University, for his amiability to provide me with untiring guidance, whole hearted cooperation and for his extensive knowledge in research that helped me in all the spheres to perfor ...
... I am thankful to my honorable teacher and supervisor, Abdullah-Al-Faysal, Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy, East West University, for his amiability to provide me with untiring guidance, whole hearted cooperation and for his extensive knowledge in research that helped me in all the spheres to perfor ...
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) Pharmacogenetic
... • CYP2D6 activity score is calculated by adding up the activity value for each allele as follows: Activity score for CYP2D6 (*1/*2A)2N = 1 + 1 = 2 Activity score for CYP2D6 (*2/*10)2N = 1 + 0.5 = 1.5 Activity score for CYP2D6 (*4/*4)2N = 0 + 0 = 0 Activity score for CYP2D6 (*3/*9)2N = 0 + 0.5 = 0.5 ...
... • CYP2D6 activity score is calculated by adding up the activity value for each allele as follows: Activity score for CYP2D6 (*1/*2A)2N = 1 + 1 = 2 Activity score for CYP2D6 (*2/*10)2N = 1 + 0.5 = 1.5 Activity score for CYP2D6 (*4/*4)2N = 0 + 0 = 0 Activity score for CYP2D6 (*3/*9)2N = 0 + 0.5 = 0.5 ...
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) Pharmacogenetic Competency
... • CYP2D6 activity score is calculated by adding up the activity value for each allele as follows: Activity score for CYP2D6 (*1/*2A)2N = 1 + 1 = 2 Activity score for CYP2D6 (*2/*10)2N = 1 + 0.5 = 1.5 Activity score for CYP2D6 (*4/*4)2N = 0 + 0 = 0 Activity score for CYP2D6 (*3/*9)2N = 0 + 0.5 = 0.5 ...
... • CYP2D6 activity score is calculated by adding up the activity value for each allele as follows: Activity score for CYP2D6 (*1/*2A)2N = 1 + 1 = 2 Activity score for CYP2D6 (*2/*10)2N = 1 + 0.5 = 1.5 Activity score for CYP2D6 (*4/*4)2N = 0 + 0 = 0 Activity score for CYP2D6 (*3/*9)2N = 0 + 0.5 = 0.5 ...
week5
... 1. Find the complex structures of ShK with Kv1.1, Kv1.2 and Kv1.3, and validate them using mutagenesis data. Determine the PMFs and the binding free energy and compare with experiment for further validation. Use the binding mode to predict mutations that will improve the Kv1.3/Kv1.1 selectivity. 2. ...
... 1. Find the complex structures of ShK with Kv1.1, Kv1.2 and Kv1.3, and validate them using mutagenesis data. Determine the PMFs and the binding free energy and compare with experiment for further validation. Use the binding mode to predict mutations that will improve the Kv1.3/Kv1.1 selectivity. 2. ...
Synthesis and in vitro activities of a new antiviral duplex drug linking
... To prepare a new antiviral duplex drug linking Zidovudine (AZT) and Foscarnet (PFA) via a lipophilic octadecylglycerol residue we condensed 1-O-4-monomethoxytrityl-3-O-octadecyl-sn-glycerol-2-hydrogenphosphonate obtained from 3-O-octadecyl-sn-glycerol with AZT by the phosphonate method. The purified ...
... To prepare a new antiviral duplex drug linking Zidovudine (AZT) and Foscarnet (PFA) via a lipophilic octadecylglycerol residue we condensed 1-O-4-monomethoxytrityl-3-O-octadecyl-sn-glycerol-2-hydrogenphosphonate obtained from 3-O-octadecyl-sn-glycerol with AZT by the phosphonate method. The purified ...
Pharmacology of platelet inhibition in humans: implications of the
... ABSTRACT The current dispute over the effects of "low" vs "high"doses of aspirin should take into consideration the pharmacokinetics of this drug. In fact, different pharmaceutical formulations of aspirin may deliver little or no aspirin to the systemic blood. This was the case, for instance, in hea ...
... ABSTRACT The current dispute over the effects of "low" vs "high"doses of aspirin should take into consideration the pharmacokinetics of this drug. In fact, different pharmaceutical formulations of aspirin may deliver little or no aspirin to the systemic blood. This was the case, for instance, in hea ...
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... viral and parasitic infections, hepatitis, and cancer, in both “in vivo” and “in vitro” [8–11]. Furthermore, recently it was reported that various extracts and/or natural products derived from medicinal plants or traditional oriental medicines significantly indicated anti-Mtb activities/effects agai ...
... viral and parasitic infections, hepatitis, and cancer, in both “in vivo” and “in vitro” [8–11]. Furthermore, recently it was reported that various extracts and/or natural products derived from medicinal plants or traditional oriental medicines significantly indicated anti-Mtb activities/effects agai ...
Evaluation of different mycobacterial species for drug discovery and
... further challenges to the control of the disease. The global Tb burden and high mortality rate indicate that new drugs are needed for Tb treatment. While no new anti-Tb agents have been introduced to the market for about three decades, drugs with novel mechanisms of action can amend the current Tb t ...
... further challenges to the control of the disease. The global Tb burden and high mortality rate indicate that new drugs are needed for Tb treatment. While no new anti-Tb agents have been introduced to the market for about three decades, drugs with novel mechanisms of action can amend the current Tb t ...
IDENTIFICATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS AS ANTIDIABETIC AGENTS Laura Guasch Pàmies
... 1. Introduction: diabetes – an emerging epidemic of the 21st century Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome that constitutes a major health problem [1,2]. It is estimated that 246 million people worldwide have diabetes and that 380 million people will be afflicted with diabetes by 2025. In a ...
... 1. Introduction: diabetes – an emerging epidemic of the 21st century Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome that constitutes a major health problem [1,2]. It is estimated that 246 million people worldwide have diabetes and that 380 million people will be afflicted with diabetes by 2025. In a ...
Ceftolozane (as sulfate) / Tazobactam (as sodium salt)
... oxacillinases (OXA -2, OXA -5, OXA -23), loss of outer membrane porin (OprD) and upregulation of efflux pumps (MexXY, MexAB). These mechanisms of resistance can reduce the activity of penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae, including Escherichia ...
... oxacillinases (OXA -2, OXA -5, OXA -23), loss of outer membrane porin (OprD) and upregulation of efflux pumps (MexXY, MexAB). These mechanisms of resistance can reduce the activity of penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae, including Escherichia ...
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... antibacterial agents, including polymyxin B sulphate. CDAD may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. It is important to consider this diagnosis in patients who present with diarrhea, symptoms of colitis, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, or perforation of colon subsequent t ...
... antibacterial agents, including polymyxin B sulphate. CDAD may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. It is important to consider this diagnosis in patients who present with diarrhea, symptoms of colitis, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, or perforation of colon subsequent t ...
Biliary Excretion of Antimicrobial Drugs
... Antimicrobial agents are among the most commonly prescribed drugs. The aim of antimicrobial chemotherapy is to eliminate an infection as rapidly as possible. To achieve this, a sufficient concentration of the drug or ...
... Antimicrobial agents are among the most commonly prescribed drugs. The aim of antimicrobial chemotherapy is to eliminate an infection as rapidly as possible. To achieve this, a sufficient concentration of the drug or ...
Berberine Monograph - Alternative Medicine Review
... A clinical study of aqueous berberine versus sulfacetamide for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was conducted on 51 subjects in an outpatient eye clinic. It was determined that while sulfacetamide eye drops produced slightly better clinical results, conjunctival scrapings of these pa ...
... A clinical study of aqueous berberine versus sulfacetamide for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was conducted on 51 subjects in an outpatient eye clinic. It was determined that while sulfacetamide eye drops produced slightly better clinical results, conjunctival scrapings of these pa ...
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF OPIOIDS, STIMULANTS, AND
... Table 4 contains morphinans and 4,5-epoxymorphinans with unusual substituents. NIH 11132 (Table 4) has a 14-O-cinnamyl group, and is closely related to the 14-phenylpropyloxy morphinans in Table 3. The presence of the corresponding 14-unsubstituted hydroxyl derivative (NIH 11130) allowed an assessme ...
... Table 4 contains morphinans and 4,5-epoxymorphinans with unusual substituents. NIH 11132 (Table 4) has a 14-O-cinnamyl group, and is closely related to the 14-phenylpropyloxy morphinans in Table 3. The presence of the corresponding 14-unsubstituted hydroxyl derivative (NIH 11130) allowed an assessme ...
Chloramphenicol
... Because of its excellent BBB penetration (far superior to any of the cephalosporins), chloramphenicol remains the first choice treatment for staphylococcal brain abscesses. It is also useful in the treatment of brain abscesses due to mixed organisms or when the causative organism is not known. Chlor ...
... Because of its excellent BBB penetration (far superior to any of the cephalosporins), chloramphenicol remains the first choice treatment for staphylococcal brain abscesses. It is also useful in the treatment of brain abscesses due to mixed organisms or when the causative organism is not known. Chlor ...
Discovery and development of cephalosporins
Cephalosporins are a broad class of bactericidal antibiotics that include the β-lactam ring and share a structural similarity and mechanism of action with other β-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillins, carbapenems and monobactams). The cephalosporins (and other β-lactams) have the ability to kill bacteria by inhibiting essential steps in the bacterial cell wall synthesis which in the end results in osmotic lysis and death of the bacterial cell. Cephalosporins are widely used antibiotics because of their clinical efficiency and desirable safety profile.The cephalosporins are diverse in their antibacterial spectrum, water solubility, acid tolerability, oral bioavailability, biological half-life and other properties. Therefore the cephalosporins can be further classified into generations depending on antibacterial activity, time of invention and structural basis.