Download Which of the following animals is correctly matched with its mode

Which of the following animals is correctly matched with its mode of feeding? (
Module 21.1)
hummingbird: fluid feeder
whale: fluid feeder
caterpillar: bulk feeder
cow: substrate feeder
Which of the following could be absorbed by cells lining the digestive tract?
( Module 21.2)
proteins
fats
starches
amino acids
The diet of many birds consists of hard seeds that need to be broken up for
digestion. What part of the bird digestive system that is not found in many
other vertebrates probably is responsible for this function? ( Module 21.3)
the gizzard
the crop
gastric pouches
the anus
What do you think is likely to happen if the sphincter at the base of the
esophagus does not function properly? ( Module 21.4)
Food will not be able to pass to the small intestine.
Stomach acids will irritate the lining of the esophagus.
The person may vomit.
Peristalsis will cease.
Which of the following describes the food processing that occurs in the mouth?
( Module 21.5)
mechanical
chemical
mechanical and chemical
water reabsorption
A person with a malformed epiglottis will have trouble _____. (
21.6)
Module
keeping air out of the esophagus
keeping fluid and food from entering the lungs
keeping air out of the esophagus and keeping fluid and food from
entering the lungs
getting enough nutrients because absorption will be affected
The esophagus constricts by contraction of _____. (
circular smooth muscle
Module 21.6)
circular skeletal muscle
longitudinal smooth muscle
longitudinal skeletal muscle
When performing the Heimlich maneuver, what is the point of placing a fist
against the choker's upper abdomen? ( Module 21.7)
It will dislodge food stuck in the esophagus.
The person's fist will push air from the lungs and dislodge whatever is
causing the choking.
The person's fist will elevate the diaphragm, which will cause air to be
expelled from the lungs and through the trachea.
The person's fist will push food that is stuck in the pharynx.
The enzyme _____ acts to digest _____ in the stomach. (
pepsinogen … proteins
HCl … pepsinogen
pepsin … proteins
pepsin … fats
The function of gastrin is to _____. (
Module 21.8)
convert pepsinogen to pepsin
stimulate the release of gastric juice
Module 21.8)
digest proteins
regulate the passage of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine
How do H. pylori bacteria cause ulcers? (
Module 21.9)
They burrow into the stomach wall and affect mucus production.
They cause gastritis.
They prevent the secretion of HCl.
They prevent the secretion of pepsin.
The function of bile salts is to _____. (
Module 21.10)
hydrolyze fats
hydrolyze proteins
neutralize chyme
emulsify fats
Which organ gets first access to nutrients absorbed in the small intestine? (
Module 21.10)
liver
heart
lungs
pancreas
The appendix is discussed in a digestive system chapter because it is located
near the junction of the small and large intestines. However, it does not have
any known digestive functions. What system does the appendix really belong
to? ( Module 21.12)
circulatory system
immune system
excretory system
endocrine system
Herbivorous animals can obtain more nutrients from plants than can
carnivorous animals because _____. ( Module 21.13)
they produce enzymes that can break down cellulose
they have cellulose-digesting microbes in their cecums
their intestines are longer, providing them with more surface for
absorption
their teeth are better designed for mechanical digestion
Which of the following is supplied by food? (
comfort
fuel
ATP
oxygen
Module 21.14)
Which of the following provides the most energy per gram? (
Module 21.15)
glycogen
starch
fat
protein
What is malnourishment? (
Module 21.16)
the energy required to remain alive
a lack of kilocalories in the diet
an excess of kilocalories in the diet
a lack of one or more essential nutrients in the diet
What should be a major concern of individuals following a strictly vegetarian
diet? ( Module 21.17)
undernourishment
obesity
unlike animal products, vegetable proteins are incomplete
the financial cost
Which of the following vitamins has the greatest potential to cause a toxic
overdose? ( Module 21.18)
vitamin C
vitamin B2
vitamin A
folic acid
Which of the following is a function of phosphorus in humans? (
21.18)
Module
It is found as a component in all lipids.
It is a part of nucleic acids.
It is an important component of thyroid hormones.
It is necessary for certain digestive enzymes.
You should avoid taking megavitamins unless specifically recommended by a
doctor because _____. ( Module 21.19)
synthetic vitamins cannot be absorbed
they can only be prescribed for people with severe deficiencies
they do not meet RDA requirements
the health effects of taking megavitamins are unclear
Total dietary carbohydrate consists of _____. (
Module 21.20)
sugars
sugars and complex carbohydrates
complex carbohydrates and dietary fiber
dietary fiber, sugars, and complex carbohydrates
What type of message does leptin send to our brain? (
Module 21.21)
Leptin tells the brain that we are full.
Leptin tells our brain that our fat cell levels are too high.
Leptin tells our brain that our fat cell levels are decreasing.
Leptin tells our brain that we need more healthy foods.
What is the primary source of energy for a person on a low-carbohydrate diet?
( Module 21.22)
starch
stored fats
glycogen
vitamins
Which of the following fats are
better for you in that they tend
to lower LDL levels and raise
HDL levels? ( Module 21.23)
olive oil, hydrogenated
oils, soybean oil
saturated fat, fish oil,
corn oil
soybean oil, corn oil,
trans fats
fish oil, corn oil, olive oil
Which food items
are typically part of
a herbivorous diet?
( Module 21.1)
eggs, insects,
fruit
nuts, leaves,
berries
insects, worms,
beetles
mice, snakes,
birds
decomposed
dung, rotted
vegetation, soil
bacteria
In which of the following ways are a wolf, a hummingbird, a termite, and a
cow alike? ( Module 21.1)
All are omnivores.
All are substrate feeders.
All are ingestive feeders.
All are carnivores.
All are herbivores.
A bulk feeder would likely _____. (
Module 21.1)
sieve vast quantities of plankton from the surrounding water
have claws and jaws, tentacles, pincers, fangs, or teeth
absorb nutrients through its body surface
suck fluids from a living host
eat what it lives in
The first stage of food processing is _____. (
Module 21.2)
mechanical breakdown
elimination
digestion
absorption
ingestion
Which part of a chicken's digestive system grinds food with small bits of sand
and gravel? ( Module 21.3)
gastrovascular cavity
gizzard
crop
pharynx
stomach
In vertebrates, food is moved along the length of the digestive system by
_____. ( Module 21.4)
active transport across cell membranes
peristalsis
diffusion and osmosis
sequential contraction of bands of skeletal muscles
a series of sphincters
Where would you find salivary amylase? (
Module 21.5)
pancreas
mouth
small intestine
stomach
liver
The organ that allows you to taste your food is the _____. (
tongue
stomach
esophagus
salivary glands
bolus
Module 21.5)
What is an important component of a bolus? (
Module 21.5)
gastrin
glycoprotein
acid chyme
sphincter valves
food before it is chewed
A mutation in the gene for salivary
(and pancreatic) amylase will
greatly affect the chemical digestion
of _____. ( Module 21.5)
carbohydrates
proteins
fats
nucleic acids
glycolipids
The pharynx leads
to two major
structures, the
_____. ( Module
21.6)
trachea and
esophagus
mouth and
stomach
esophagus
and small
intestine
nasal cavity
and colon
esophagus
and stomach
The purpose of the Heimlich maneuver is to _____. (
Module 21.7)
contract the esophageal sphincter
encourage swallowing
dislodge any foreign object in the throat and allow air to flow again
encourage digestion of food
eliminate the need for drinking water
Pepsin is an enzyme produced in the stomach that attacks proteins to break
them down into smaller peptide molecules. Which of the following statements
is true about this enzyme? ( Module 21.8)
The activity of pepsin will speed up in the small intestine because the pH
becomes less acidic.
Pepsin will continue to work at the same rate as it moves through the
intestines until all the protein is broken down.
Pepsin will cease to function in the small intestine as the pH is
neutralized by basic secretions from the pancreas.
Pepsin will cease to function in the small intestine because it gets diluted
by other enzymes produced by the pancreas.
The activity of pepsin will speed up in the small intestine because the pH
becomes less acidic, and pepsin will continue to work at the same rate as
it moves through the intestines until all the protein is broken down.
How is the stomach lining protected from the caustic acid pH of its contents?
( Module 21.8)
It releases a hormone called gastrin, which stops gastric juice secretion.
Mucous cells secrete a protective lubricant into the stomach.
The stomach lining is not protected from acid and frequently develops
ulcers as a result.
Parietal cells secrete a protective buffer to neutralize hydrochloric acid.
The acid is quickly neutralized when it combines with pepsinogen to
make pepsin.
Acid chyme _____. (
Module 21.8)
contains digested fat
is a mush made from boluses and hydrolytic enzymes secreted by the
pancreas and duodenum
contains food and gastric juice and moves through the pyloric sphincter
causes gastric ulcers
passes into the large intestine, where water is removed
Which of the following is a true statement regarding protein digestion? (
Module 21.9)
Protein digestion begins in the mouth.
Protein digestion involves amylase, which is produced by chief cells in
the stomach.
Protein digestion is dependent on neutralization of HCl.
Protein digestion is initiated when pepsin splits polypeptide chains into
smaller polypeptides.
Protein digestion requires aminopeptidase to initiate protein digestion.
Which of the following is properly matched with its product? (
Module 21.9)
peristalsis: heartburn
mucous cells: pepsinogen
parietal cells: gastrin
chief cells: vomiting
acid chyme backflow: heartburn
An open sore that appears in the stomach due to bacterial infection and to
gastric juice digesting the stomach lining is called _____. ( Module 21.9)
heartburn
acid chyme
a gastric ulcer
a gastric secretion nodule
GERD
The most effective anti-ulcer medication might be a chemical that _____. (
Module 21.10)
stimulates parietal cells
kills bacteria in the stomach
inhibits epithelial cells in the stomach that produce mucus
stimulates the secretion of bile
stimulates chief cells
Which of these secretes either a
digestive enzyme or a precursor to
a digestive enzyme? (
21.10)
Module
tongue
esophagus
epiglottis
pancreas
Heimlich
In humans, most nutrient
molecules are absorbed
by the _____. (
Module 21.10)
stomach
liver
small
intestine
large
intestine
pancreas
The largest variety of digestive enzymes function in the _____. (
21.10)
large intestine
oral cavity
stomach
gallbladder
small intestine
Module
Gallstone surgery sometimes requires that the gallbladder be removed. Patients
are then advised to avoid ingesting large amounts of fat because _____. (
Module 21.10)
the gallbladder makes bile, which makes it easier to digest fats
without the bile produced by the gallbladder, fats cannot be
enzymatically hydrolyzed
the gallbladder produces the hormone gastrin
the gallbladder stores large quantities of bile, releasing it when fats reach
the small intestine
fats first enter the gallbladder before moving to the liver
The lungs consist of many small air sacs and blood vessels, which greatly
increase surface area and improve the transfer of substances through their
walls. The structures in the digestive system similar in function to these air
sacs and capillaries are the _____. ( Module 21.10)
villi
colon and rectum
gastric glands
high-density lipoproteins
sphincters
Imagine that you have eaten a meal containing the following nutrients. Which
would be absorbed without enzyme digestion? ( Module 21.10)
protein
polysaccharide
disaccharide
nucleic acid
amino acid
How does the enzyme lipase work in digestion? (
Module 21.10)
It combines with HCl in the stomach to digest starch.
It finishes the work of pancreatic amylase by hydrolyzing disaccharides.
It assists the enzyme team that hydrolyzes polypeptides.
Lipases hydrolyze DNA and RNA into nucleotides.
It works with bile salts to hydrolyze fat to fatty acids and glycerol.
Which of these digestive enzymes removes one amino acid at a time from the
ends of polypeptide chains? ( Module 21.10)
carboxypeptidase
amylase
nuclease
trypsin
chymotrypsin
Which of the following is the actual absorptive surface within the lumen of the
small intestine? ( Module 21.10)
circular folds
blood capillaries
liver
fingerlike villi
microvilli
The natural antacid produced to protect the intestines against stomach acid is
produced in the _____. ( Module 21.10)
stomach
liver
esophagus
pancreas
mouth
The liver and pancreas add
their secretions to the
partially digested food
produced in the stomach, at
the _____. ( Module
21.10)
stomach
small intestine
appendix
large intestine
mouth
Identify the
correct statement
about nutrition
and digestion. (
Module 21.10)
Feeding and digestion
are synonyms.
Chemical digestion
precedes physical
digestion in wolves.
Absorption involves
nutrients passing
through intestinal
walls.
Elimination rids the
body of overly large
nutrient molecules.
Monomers are
hydrolyzed into
macromolecules
during digestion.
Capillaries from the small and large intestine converge into the _____. (
Module 21.11)
gallbladder
duodenum
hepatic portal vein
colon
appendix
Which of the following statements about the human digestive system is true?
( Module 21.12)
Pancreatic secretions are stored in the gallbladder.
The pancreas, liver, and pyloric sphincter secrete digestive juices.
Water is removed from undigested food after it leaves the small
intestine.
Peristalsis keeps digesting food in the small intestine for up to six hours.
Food passes from the esophagus through the pharynx into the stomach.
What relation do indigestible plant fibers, prokaryotes, and vitamins have with
the digestive system? ( Module 21.12)
These are washed out of the body in the 7 liters of water that daily pass
into the digestive system.
In the presence of certain vitamins, prokaryotes are able to digest plant
fibers.
The prokaryotes cause rapid peristalsis, resulting in constipation, which
retains plant fibers and vitamins in the lower intestine.
These are the contents of the large intestine.
These move through the terminal portion of the colon together and are
voided as feces.
When the colon contracts strongly, _____. (
Module 21.12)
food moves down the duodenum
chyme moves about in the stomach
peristalsis moves the bolus from the mouth through the larynx
peristalsis moves the bolus from the mouth through the pharynx
the urge to defecate is created
Which of the following organs of the digestive system is not involved in
producing secretions that aid in digestion? ( Module 21.12)
large intestine
small intestine
stomach
pancreas
liver
Prokaryotes living in our large intestines provide us with _____. (
21.12)
Module
carbohydrates
vitamins
minerals
calories
amino acids
How would you expect the digestive system of a hawk (a carnivore) to
compare with that of a sparrow (a seed eater)? ( Module 21.13)
The hawk would have a larger gastrovascular cavity.
The sparrow's digestive system would be longer.
The hawk would have a gizzard, but the sparrow would not.
The hawk's digestive system would be longer.
The hawk would lack a rumen.
Which of the following are considered essential nutrients? (
Module 21.14)
certain carbohydrates, certain fatty acids, certain amino acids, and
cholesterol
certain carbohydrates, certain fatty acids, and certain amino acids
certain fatty acids, certain amino acids, and cholesterol
certain fatty acids and certain amino acids
certain amino acids
Resting energy use is measured as _____. (
Module 21.15)
basal monetary return
basal metabolic rate
basal melanin production rate
metered bile production
basal metallurgical rate
Consider Table 21.15. Assume that you have just consumed a 12ounce soft drink that contained 230 kilocalories. You begin to feel
guilty about the excess calories and decide to go for a brisk walk to
"burn" them off. You can walk a mile in 20 minutes. How long will it
take you to complete your task? ( Module 21.15)
37
minutes
45.7
minutes
52.4
minutes
56.4
minutes
1 hour
and 6
minutes
What is the easiest way to meet all of your essential amino acid needs? (
Module 21.16)
Eat beans.
Eat apples.
Eat tomatoes.
Eat corn.
Eat an egg.
One way a vegetarian can obtain all eight essential amino acids is to _____. (
Module 21.17)
eat eggs, milk, and cheese instead of meat
eat a combination of beans and corn
eat potatoes
eat rice
take multivitamins
It is important to get some vitamin B1 every day, but it is all right if the intake
of vitamin A varies a bit. Why? ( Module 21.18)
Vitamin B1 is an essential nutrient, and vitamin A is not.
Vitamin A can be stored by the body, but vitamin B1 cannot.
The body needs much larger amounts of vitamin B1 than vitamin A.
The body requires vitamin B1, but vitamin A is just an "extra."
Vitamin A is water-soluble, and vitamin B1 is fat-soluble.
The fat-soluble vitamins include _____. (
vitamins A, D, E, and K
vitamin A and the B group
Module 21.18)
the B vitamins and vitamin C
vitamins C, D, E, and K
riboflavin and niacin
In general, B vitamins function in your body as _____. (
Module 21.18)
a source of energy
structural components of cell membranes
a source of minerals
coenzymes
antioxidants
The main reason we need some minerals and some vitamins is that they _____.
( Module 21.19)
are required for the Calvin cycle
are an important source of organic molecules
play a role in enzyme function
provide energy for cellular metabolism
shuttle energy from one reaction to another
_____ are needed in the diet as components of teeth and bone, normal muscle
and nerve function, water balance, and parts of certain enzymes. ( Module
21.19)
Starches
Fats
Minerals
Nucleic acids
Vitamins
A breakfast cereal advertises that it contains essential vitamins and minerals. In
this context, the word essential means that _____. ( Module 21.20)
it contains the essence of vegetables used to extract the nutrients
they can be made in the body but it is important to eat food containing
these nutrients so that we do not waste essential energy in making them
the nutrients must be supplied in the diet and cannot be made in the body
it is important that you believe the package and buy the product
the government requires a list of our requirements for vitamins and
minerals on all packaged food
The percent daily value of a nutrient that appears on a food label is based on a
diet containing _____ kilocalories per day. ( Module 21.20)
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
2,000
Let us say you have an uncle who
had a heart attack and survived. He
became a burden on your family.
You decide you do not want this to
happen to you and begin a plan to
remain healthy by lowering your
LDL levels and raising your HDL
levels. Which of these lifestyles
would be best suited to helping you
achieve your goal? ( Module
21.23)
Smoke, do not exercise, and
do not eat any red meat.
Eat fish, eat vegetables, and
do not exercise.
Exercise, eat fish, consume
liquid vegetable oils, and do
not smoke.
Exercise, eat fish, smoke, and
drink alcohol in moderation.
Smoke, eat an all-red-meat
diet, and do not exercise.
When
digested,
proteins are
broken down
into _____.
Activity:
Digestive
System
Function
(21.10)
glycerol only
fatty acids only
monosaccharides
amino acids
both glycerol and
fatty acids
When digested, fats are broken down into _____. Activity: Digestive System
Function (21.10)
glycerol only
fatty acids only
monosaccharides
amino acids
both glycerol and fatty acids
Starch is a type of _____. Activity: Digestive System Function (21.10)
disaccharide
nucleotide
polysaccharide
fatty acid
monosaccharide
Your small intestine can absorb ____ without their being further digested.
Activity: Digestive System Function (21.10)
starches
fats
proteins
fructose
nucleic acids
Which of these enzymes begins the breakdown of starch? Activity: Digestive
System Function (21.10)
bile
disaccharidases
lipase
amylase
nucleases
Starch can be broken down into the disaccharide known as _____. Activity:
Digestive System Function (21.10)
lactose
glucose
sucrose
fructose
maltose
Protein digestion begins in the _____. Activity: Digestive System Function
(21.10)
mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
What is the main component of gastric juice? Activity: Digestive System
Function (21.10)
inactive pepsin
amylase
hydrochloric acid
water
bile
_____ is secreted by the _____ and acts to emulsify _____ in the _____.
Activity: Digestive System Function (21.10)
Lipase ... small intestine ... fats ... small intestine
Trypsin ... pancreas ... fats ... small intestine
Nucleases ... pancreas ... nucleic acids ... stomach
Amylase ... salivary glands ... starch ... stomach
Bile ... liver ... fats ... small intestine
What acid is responsible for stomach acidity? Activity: Digestive System
Function (21.10)
hydrochloric acid
carbonic acid
sulfuric acid
acetic acid