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Lesson Plan 10 Cardiovascular System CONTENT AND COMPETENCIES Content This lesson will present the commonly used medical terms for the anatomy and functions of the cardiovascular system. The combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes will be discussed, along with the definitions, spelling, and pronunciation of pathologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic intervention terms. Where appropriate, abbreviations are also provided. Medical records are included for practice. Objectives The student will be able to identify terms, word parts, and abbreviations that are associated with the cardiovascular system: Anatomy Pathology Diagnostic procedures Therapeutic interventions, including pharmacology TEACHING FOCUS The lesson will concentrate on demonstrations of the content through explanations and examples. Students will be encouraged to practice their understanding of the content with classroom activities and assignments. MATERIALS AND RESOURCES Computer and PowerPoint projector LESSON CHECKLIST Preparations for this lesson include: Lecture o See Lesson Strategies on pp vi to xii. Specific strategies for classes with ESL students are included. Evaluation of student comprehension of the terminology of this body system, including: o Word parts and decodable terms o Nondecodable terms o Pronunciations and spellings o Abbreviations WORD PARTS AND TERMS Note: Key word parts and terms are in blue. WORD PARTS Prefixes abradycondyseececho- endendoextrahyperhypoperpre- proresubtachytetratrans- Suffixes -ac -al -ar -ary -cardia -centesis -dynia -eal -ectomy -fusion -graphy -ia -ic -ion -is -itis -ization -lapse -logy -megaly -mission Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Mastering Healthcare Terminology Shiland 252 Chapter 10 Cardiovascular System _____________________________________________________ -oma -ose -osis -ous -pathy -plasty -pnea -sarcoma -sclerosis -tension -therapy -tomy -um Combining Forms angi/o aort/o apic/o arteri/o arteriol/o ather/o atri/o capn/o cardi/o cardiomy/o commissur/o cordi/o coron/o corpor/o cutane/o cyan/o electr/o endocardi/o epicardi/o esophag/o hemangi/o hemorrhoid/o lumin/o myocardi/o myx/o occlus/o orth/o ox/i ox/o pariet/o pector/o pericardi/o phleb/o pneum/o pneumat/o pulmon/o radi/o rhythm/o scler/o sept/o sin/o system/o tens/o thromb/o tom/o top/o tract/o valvul/o varic/o vas/o vascul/o ven/o ventricul/o venul/o viscer/o atheroma atherosclerosis atria atrial fibrillation (AF) atrial myxoma atrial ectopic beat (AEB) atrial septal defect (ASD) atrioventricular (AV) atrioventricular block atrioventricular bundle atrioventricular node atrium atypical pain auscultation automatic implantable cardioverterdefibrillator (AICD) AV node beats per minute (BPM) beta-blockers bicuspid valve block, atrioventricular blood pressure (BP) bradycardia bruit bundle branch block (BBB) bundle of His calcium channel blockers (CCB) capillaries capillary carbon dioxide (CO2) cardiac catheterization (Cath) cardiac defibrillator cardiac enzymes test cardiac myxosarcoma cardiac pacemaker cardiac tamponade cardialgia cardiodynia cardiologist cardiology cardiomegaly cardiomyopathy cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) cardiovascular (CV) circulatory system claudication coarctation coarctation of the aorta commissurotomy congestive heart failure (CHF) contractions TERMS acute myocardial infarction (AMI) aneurysm angiitis angina angina pectoris angiocardiography angiogenesis angioplasty angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors antiarrhythmic drugs anticoagulants antihyperlipidemics aorta aortic semilunar valve aortic stenosis (AS) apex arrhythmia arterial hypertension arteries arteriole arteriosclerosis arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) artery atherectomy Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Mastering Healthcare Terminology Shiland ___________________________________________________ Chapter 10 Cardiovascular System coronary arteries coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) coronary artery disease (CAD) cyanosis deep vein thrombosis (DVT) deoxygenated blood diaphoresis diastole digital subtraction angiography (DSA) diuretics dyspnea dyspnea on exertion (DOE) echocardiography ectopic beats, atrial ectopic beats, ventricular edema ejection fraction electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) electrocardiograph electrocardiography (ECHO) emesis endarterectomy endocarditis endocardium endovenous laser ablation (EVLT) epicardium esophageal varices essential hypertension exercise stress test (EST) extracorporeal circulation (ECC) fibrillation fibrillation, atrial fibrillation, ventricular flutter flutter, atrial heart heart attack heart failure (HF) heart rate heart transplantation hemangioma hemangiosarcoma hemorrhoid hemorrhoidectomy Holter monitor hypertension (HTN) hypotension idiopathic inferior vena cava ischemic pain laser angioplasty left atrium (LA) left ventricle (LV) left ventricular assist device lipid profile magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) malignant hypertension mercury (Hg) microsclerotherapy minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) mitral regurgitation (MR) mitral stenosis (MS) mitral valve (MV) mitral valve prolapse (MVP) MUGA scan murmur myocardial infarction (MI) myocardial perfusion imaging myocardium nausea nitrates normal sinus rhythm (NSR) occluded orthopnea orthostatic hypotension oxygen (O2) oxygenated blood pallor palpitations parietal pericardium patent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) percussion percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) pericardiocentesis pericarditis pericardium peripheral arterial occlusion peripheral vascular disorder peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) phlebectomy Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 253 phlebography phlebotomy port-access coronary artery bypass (PACAB) positron emission tomography precordial pain precordium premature atrial contraction (PAC) primary hypertension prolapse pulmonary artery (PA) pulmonary circulation pulmonary congestion pulmonary semilunar valve pulmonary vein (PV) Purkinje fibers radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) radiography Raynaud disease Raynaud phenomenon regurgitation relaxations right atrium (RA) right ventricle (RV) SA node sclerotherapy secondary hypertension septa septal defect septum shortness of breath (SOB) sick sinus syndrome (SSS) sinoatrial (SA) sinoatrial node sphygmomanometer septa stenosis stents stethoscope superior vena cava Swan-Ganz catheter syncope systemic circulation systole tachycardia tachycardia, ventricular tetralogy of Fallot thrill thromboendarterectomy Mastering Healthcare Terminology Shiland 254 Chapter 10 Cardiovascular System _____________________________________________________ (TEA) thrombolytics thrombophlebitis transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) transluminal transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) tricuspid stenosis (TS) tricuspid valve (TV) valve valvular valvulitis valvuloplasty varicose veins vasculitis vein venous distention ventricle ventricular assist device (VAD) ventricular ectopic beat (VEB) ventricular septal defect (VSD) ventricular tachycardia (VT) venule very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) vessel visceral pericardium ECG, EKG ECHO EST EVLT HDL HF HTN ICD LA LDH LDL LV LVAD MI MIDCAB MR MS MV MVP NSR NTG O2 PA PV PAC PACAB PDA PET scan PICC PTCA PVC PVD RA RFCA RV SA SK SOB SSS SVT TDN TDNTG TEA TEE TMR TS TV VAD VEB VSD VT ABBREVIATIONS A&P AEB AF AMI AS ASD ASHD AV BBB BP BPM CABG CAD Cath CCB CCF CHF CK CO2 CPK CPR CV DOE DSA DVT ECC ADDITIONAL RESOURCES PowerPoint Slides 1–62 Optional: Medical dictionaries Flash cards Printed from Evolve Electronic from Companion CD Purchased: Mosby’s Medical Terminology Flash Cards Handmade Models and/or posters of the cardiovascular system Posters of diseases, diagnostic procedures, and/or therapeutic interventions Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Mastering Healthcare Terminology Shiland ___________________________________________________ Chapter 10 Cardiovascular System 255 LESSON 10.1 PRETEST/2-MINUTE ASSESSMENT Use the Chapter 10 pretest in the back of this manual. Note: You can also use the quiz results as proof of attendance at the beginning and end of the class. BACKGROUND ASSESSMENT Question: What is the difference between arteries and veins? Answer: Students should recognize that arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins return blood to the heart. CRITICAL THINKING QUESTION What is the function of the heart, and how can its function be impaired by a lack of blood flow? Guidelines: The heart is a muscle. The function of the heart is to pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body. If the heart muscle itself does not receive an adequate blood supply, the heart muscle dies. OBJECTIVES CONTENT Recognize and use terms related to the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. Functions of the Cardiovascular System (p. 356) Anatomy and Physiology (pp. 356–365) Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation (pp. 356–357) TEACHING RESOURCES PPT: 1–15 Figures: Fig. 10-1: Pulmonary and systemic circulation (p. 356) Fig. 10-2: Oxygenated/deoxygenated status of blood (p. 357) Anatomy of the Heart (pp. 358–359) Fig. 10-3: Differences among arteries, veins, and capillaries (p. 357) Blood Flow through the Heart (pp. 360–361) Fig. 10-4: A, Location of the coronary arteries; B, Chambers of the heart (p. 358) The Cardiac Cycle (pp. 361–362) Fig. 10-5: Route of the blood through the heart (p. 360) Fig. 10-6: Pulse points (p. 362) Fig. 10-7: Electrical conduction pathways of the heart (p. 362) Exercises: 1: Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation (p. 358) 2: Anatomy of the Heart (p. 359) 3: Anatomy of the Heart; labeling (p. 360) 4: Blood Flow Through the Heart (p. 361) 5: Imaging Report (pp. 363–364) Chapter Review Questions: 1–10 (pp. 391–392) Testbank Questions: In ExamView, under Select From a List, choose all anatomy and physiology (A&P) questions. Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Mastering Healthcare Terminology Shiland 256 Chapter 10 Cardiovascular System _____________________________________________________ OBJECTIVES CONTENT TEACHING RESOURCES Medical Terminology Online: Module 10, Section I, Lessons 1and 2: 1.4 Sequencing: Pulmonary Circulation 1.9 Identification: Anatomy of the Heart 1.10 Listen and Spell: The Cardiovascular System 2.2 Sequencing: Route of Blood Through the Heart 2.5 Animation Review: Cardiac Electrical Conduction 2.6 Write It, Find it: Blood Flow and Cardiac Cycle 2.7 Word Shop: Anatomy of the Heart Section I Quiz Companion CD: Word Shop Hear It, Spell It Hear It, Say It Wheel of Terminology Tournament of Terminology Whack-A-Word-Part Flash Cards Student Evolve: Body Spectrum Electronic Anatomy Coloring Book: Circulatory Learning Activities: Labeling, Memory Match, Write It, Find It Mosby’s Medical Terminology Flash Cards: Have students sort the cards for the Cardiovascular System word parts. They can put them on the provided rings to carry around and study. iTerms: Have the students listen to the terms related to the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. Discuss: Discuss how our lifestyles have an effect on our cardiovascular system. Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Mastering Healthcare Terminology Shiland ___________________________________________________ Chapter 10 Cardiovascular System OBJECTIVES CONTENT 257 TEACHING RESOURCES Student Activity: Have the students make and use cards to trace the route of the blood through the heart. Have them use blue pens for the structures on the right side of the heart, purple for the capillaries of the lungs, and red for the structures on the left side of the heart. Have them start with the inferior and superior venae cavae and end with the aorta. Then have them then put away their cards and ask them to write the structures in order. 10.1 Homework/Assignments: Handout 5 in the back of the TEACH Manual. 10.1 Instructor’s Notes/Student Feedback: Before the lecture: Review the assignments from the previous class. After the class: Check the pre- and posttests to see how students scored. Make notes immediately for what worked well and what could be changed. Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Mastering Healthcare Terminology Shiland 258 Chapter 10 Cardiovascular System _____________________________________________________ LESSON 10.2 BACKGROUND ASSESSMENT Question: Given what you know about the structure of the heart, why would an atrial septal defect (a hole between the top chambers of the heart) be pathologic? Answer: The oxygenated and deoxygenated blood would be mixed. CRITICAL THINKING QUESTION What happens during a myocardial infarction (heart attack)? Guidelines: The heart is deprived of its oxygen supply and dies as a result. If enough of the heart muscle dies, the heart will not be able to fulfill its function of pumping blood to the body and lungs—if this occurs, the patient dies. OBJECTIVES CONTENT Recognize and use terms related to the pathology of the cardiovascular system. Pathology (pp. 365–379) Terms Related to Cardiac Signs and Symptoms (pp. 365–367) TEACHING RESOURCES PPT: 16–37 Figures: Fig. 10-8: ECGs (p. 367) Terms Related to Congenital Disorders of the Heart (p. 369) Fig. 10-9: Coarctation of the aorta (p. 368) Terms Related to Valvular Heart Disease (p. 369) Fig. 10-11: Mitral valve prolapse (p. 370) Terms Related to Cardiac Dysrhythmias (pp. 370–371) Terms Related to Other Disorders of the Coronary Circulation (p. 372) Terms Related to Other Cardiac Conditions (p. 373) Fig. 10-10: Valvular heart disease (p. 369) Fig. 10-12: Common sites of pain in angina pectoris (p. 372) Fig. 10-13: Myocardial infarction (p. 372) Fig. 10-14: Acute bacterial endocarditis (p. 373) Fig. 10-15: Atherosclerosis (p. 373) Fig. 10-16: Deep vein thrombophlebitis (p. 375) Fig. 10-17: Myxosarcoma of the heart (p. 377) Exercises: 6: Cardiac Signs and Symptoms (p. 367) Terms Related to Vascular Disorders (pp. 374–375) 7: Congenital Disorders (p. 368) Terms Related to Benign Neoplasms (p. 376) 9: Cardiac Dysrhythmias (p. 371) Terms Related to Malignant Neoplasms (p. 377) Age Matters (p. 377) 8: Valvular Heart Disorders (p. 370) 10: Other Disorders of the Coronary Circulation and Cardiac Condition (p. 374) 11: Vascular Disorders (p. 376) 12: Neoplasms (p. 377) 13: Progress Note (pp. 378–379) Chapter Review Questions: 11–37 (pp. 393–394) Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Mastering Healthcare Terminology Shiland ___________________________________________________ Chapter 10 Cardiovascular System OBJECTIVES CONTENT 259 TEACHING RESOURCES Testbank Questions: In ExamView, under Select From a List, choose all questions for Pathology. Medical Terminology Online: Module 10, Section II, Lessons 1–6: 1.3 Listen and Spell: Cardiac Signs and Symptoms 2.5 Write It, Find It: Congenital Heart Disorders 3.3 Listen and Spell: Valvular Disorders 4.5 Crossword: Cardiac Dysrhythmias 4.6 Listen and Spell: Cardiac Dysrhythmias 5.5 Part Puzzler: Infarction, Inflammation, and Neoplasms 6.4 Memory Match: Vascular Disorders 6.5 Word Shop: Cardiovascular Disorders 6.6 Word Shop: Congenital and Valvular Diseases Section II Quiz Companion CD: Word Shop Hear It, Spell It Hear It, Say It Wheel of Terminology Tournament of Terminology: Pathology Whack-A-Word-Part Medical Millionaire Flash Cards Student Evolve: Learning Activities: Bin Drop, Word Shop, Sound It Out iTerms: Have students listen to the terms related to the pathology of the cardiovascular system. Discuss: How is blood flow through the heart affected by the following disorders: coarctation of the aorta, patent ductus arteriosus, atrial/ventricular septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, mitral or tricuspid stenosis, mitral regurgitation, or mitral valve prolapse? Students may want to refer to Fig. 10-2 in the textbook or their answers from the Student Activity in Lesson 10.1. Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Mastering Healthcare Terminology Shiland 260 Chapter 10 Cardiovascular System _____________________________________________________ OBJECTIVES CONTENT TEACHING RESOURCES Student Activity: Shuffle the flash cards for the cardiovascular system. Call out the first word part at the top of the deck. Ask the students to spell the word part pronounced, define it, and give an example of a term using that word part. Use groups of 10 cards at a time. Ask the students to either respond orally or to write their answers. If the answers are written, ask the students to correct their own work when the answers are reviewed. Have them use their responses to focus their study. 10.2 Homework/Assignments: Handout 2 in the back of the TEACH Manual. 10.2 Instructor’s Notes/Student Feedback: Before the lecture: Review the assignments from the previous class. After the class: Check the pre- and posttests to see how the students scored. Make notes immediately for what worked well and what could be changed. Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Mastering Healthcare Terminology Shiland ___________________________________________________ Chapter 10 Cardiovascular System 261 LESSON 10.3 BACKGROUND ASSESSMENT Question: If the problem with CAD is that the arteries are blocked and the heart is not receiving its blood supply, how could this be treated? Answer: The arteries need to be unblocked by atherectomy or PCTA. CRITICAL THINKING QUESTION Why is a perfusionist’s job so important? Guidelines: The perfusionist is responsible for maintaining extracorporeal circulation while a patient is having open heart surgery. This person takes on the responsibility of the heart! OBJECTIVES CONTENT Recognize and use terms related to the diagnostic procedures for the cardiovascular system. Diagnostic Procedures (pp. 379–383) Terms Related to General Diagnostic Procedures (p. 379) TEACHING RESOURCES PPT: 38–45 Figures: Fig. 10-18: Angiocardiography (p. 381) Terms Related to Imaging (pp. 380–381) Fig. 10-19: Right-sided heart catheterization (p. 381) Terms Related to Laboratory Tests (p. 383) Fig. 10-21: Echocardiography (p. 382) Fig. 10-20: Digital subtraction (p. 382) Fig. 10-22: Holter monitor (p. 382) Exercises: 14: Diagnostic Procedures (p. 383) Chapter Review Questions: 39–48 (p. 394) Testbank Questions: In ExamView, under Select From a List, choose all questions for Diagnostic Procedures. Medical Terminology Online: Module 10, Section III , Lessons 1 and 2: 1.4 Listen and Spell: Physical Examination and Laboratory Tests 2.7 Write It, Find It: Diagnostic Procedures Companion CD: Word Shop Hear It, Spell It Hear It, Say It Wheel of Terminology Flash Cards Tournament of Terminology Whack-A-Word-Part Flash Cards Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Mastering Healthcare Terminology Shiland 262 Chapter 10 Cardiovascular System _____________________________________________________ OBJECTIVES CONTENT TEACHING RESOURCES iTerms: Have the students listen to the terms related to the diagnostic procedures for the cardiovascular system. Discuss: What are some reasons that a Holter monitor would be preferred over a traditional ECG? Student Activity: Research the role of inflammation in heart attacks and strokes and the findings regarding C-reactive protein. Use the American Heart Association’s website (http://www.americanheart.org). Recognize and use terms related to the therapeutic interventions for the cardiovascular system. Therapeutic Interventions (pp. 384–387) Terms Related to Cardiac Procedures (pp. 384–385) Terms Related to Vascular Procedures (p. 386) Pharmacology (pp. 388–389) Abbreviations (pp. 389–390) PPT: 46–62 Figures: Fig. 10-23: A, Pacemakers; B, Chest radiograph of a patient with a permanent pacemaker implanted (p. 385) Fig. 10-24: CABG (p. 386) Fig. 10-25: PTCA (p. 386) Exercises: 15: Therapeutic Interventions (p. 387) 16: Pharmacology (p. 389) 17: Abbreviations (p. 390) Chapter Review Questions: 49–68 (pp. 394–395) Healthcare Report (pp. 397–399) Testbank Questions: In ExamView, under Select From a List, choose all questions for Therapeutic Interventions. Medical Terminology Online: Module 10, Section III, Lessons 3 and 4: 3.6 Image Association: Cardiac Procedures 4.5 Matching: Vascular Interventions 4.6 Word Shop: Diagnostic Procedures and Therapeutic Interventions Section III Quiz Companion CD: Word Shop Hear It, Spell It Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Mastering Healthcare Terminology Shiland ___________________________________________________ Chapter 10 Cardiovascular System OBJECTIVES CONTENT 263 TEACHING RESOURCES Hear It, Say It Wheel of Terminology Tournament of Terminology: Therapeutic Interventions (as well as all others for review) Whack-A-Word-Part Terminology Triage Flash Cards Animation: CABG and Angioplasty Student Evolve: Learning Activities: Listen and Spell, Word Shop, Sound it Out, Crossword iTerms: Have students listen to the terms related to the therapeutic interventions for the cardiovascular system. Discuss: Discuss the advent of the “beating heart surgeries” and how each of them addresses the problem of a lack of blood supply to the heart muscle. Student Activity: Have students take turns reading the medical record discharge summary and answering the questions on p. 399. Go to the Heart Healthy Women website (http://www.hearthealthywomen.org/professional s/coronary_artery_disease/acute_myocardial_infa rction.html) and have students research the differences in how men and women experience a myocardial infarction. 10.3 Homework/Assignments: Handouts 1, 3, 4, and 6 in the back of the TEACH Manual. 10.3 Instructor’s Notes/Student Feedback: Before the lecture: Review the assignments from the previous class. After the class: Check the pre- and posttests to see how students scored. Make notes immediately for what worked well and what could be changed. Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Mastering Healthcare Terminology Shiland 264 Chapter 10 Cardiovascular System _____________________________________________________ OBJECTIVES CONTENT TEACHING RESOURCES Performance Evaluation Summative Assessment Test Bank Formal evaluation of student knowledge in an examination environment. Scores are factored into the course grade. Use Examview or Word and sort by objective. ________________________________ Medical Terminology Online Module 10 Examination Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Mastering Healthcare Terminology Shiland