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CPS: Physics Final Study Guide
Unit 0 – Practices in Science
1. What is the independent variable in an experiment?
2. What is the dependent variable in an experiment?
3. What is a direct relationship?
4. What is an inverse relationship?
Unit 1 – Constant Motion
5. According to the diagram, what is the distance from the school to the
house?
6. What is the displacement from the school to the house (The top of the
page is north)?
7. What is the difference between speed and velocity?
8. What are the two measurements necessary for calculating average speed?
9. John and Kristen went on a trip to St. Louis. St. Louis is approximately 600 km away from where they
began their trip. It took them 6 hours to reach St. Louis. What was their average speed for the trip?
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10. Tom drives his car with an average velocity of 55 km/hr eastward. How long will it take him to drive 500
km on a straight highway?
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Unit 2 – Acceleration & Gravity
11. What is acceleration and what are the three ways an object can accelerate?
12. Provide an example of an object that is accelerating.
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13. A driver increases his speed from 0 km/hr to 75 km/hr in 10 seconds. What is the acceleration of the car?
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14. While rollerblading, you gain speed going down hill and reach a velocity of 25 m/s. You hit a rock and
skid to a stop in 4 seconds. What is you acceleration?
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15. At what rate do objects accelerate due to gravity on Earth? _______________
16. In a vacuum, which object will hit the ground first if dropped from the same initial height: Bowling ball or
a golf ball?
17. Bart rides his skateboard off a cliff and unlike the roadrunner he begins to fall. He falls for 8 seconds
before bouncing. How fast is he going after 8 seconds?
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18. Mr. Wick's students finally revolted and are planning to throw him off the roof. The roof is 12 meters
above the ground. How long does it take Wick to splat?
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19. Ronny and Justin are playing with a bouncy ball instead of doing their homework. Justin lets go of it and it
falls for 4 seconds before it bounces. How high was it?
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Graphing Motion
Graph 2
120
120
100
100
Distnace (meters)
Velocity (meters/second)
Graph 1
80
60
40
20
80
60
40
20
0
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
2
Time (seconds)
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6
8
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Time (seconds)
20. In graph 1, describe the motion of the object between 7 and 10 seconds. ___________________________
21. In graph 1, describe the motion of the object between 3 and 5 seconds. ___________________________
22. In graph 2, describe the motion of the object between 7 and 10 seconds. ___________________________
23. In graph 2, describe the motion of the object between 3 and 5 seconds. ___________________________
24. What is the velocity of the object in graph 2 between 5 and 7 seconds? ___________________________
25. This graph to the right shows an object that is:
a. moving with a constant speed forward, away from the origin
b. moving with a constant speed towards the origin
c. not moving
d. speeding up
26. If a distance vs. time graph has an increasing curve, it is showing:
a. An object that is at rest.
b. An object that is moving at a constant rate.
c. An object that has (+) acceleration.
d. An object that has (-) acceleration.
Unit 3 – Projectile Motion
27. What is projectile motion?
28. What two components determine the motion of a projectile?
29. Which component (horizontal or vertical) of a projectile’s velocity changes? Remains constant?
30. Explain why a plane trying to make a supply drop would want to drop its supplies before it reaches the
target.
31. If a golf ball is projected off a table with a horizontal speed of 3 m/s and a tennis ball is projected off the
table with a horizontal speed of 5 m/s,
a. Which will hit the ground first?
b. Which will have the greater range?
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32. Consider a golf ball that is projected off of a table with a height of 5.0 m at a horizontal velocity of 1.5 m/s
and a tennis ball that is projected off of a table with a height of 2.0 m at a horizontal velocity of 1.5 m/s.
a. Which will hit the ground first?
b. Which will have the greater range?
33. A horse tosses his shoe off the top of a bridge with a horizontal velocity of 2.3 m/s. It lands 6 m away
from the edge of the bridge.
Calculate:
a. The time the shoe is in the air.
b. How high is the bridge?
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Gx (Horizontal)
Gy (Vertical )
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34. As the mass of two objects increases, the force of gravity between them ______________.
Give an example:__________________________________________
35. As the distance between two objects increases, the force of gravity between them ______________.
Give an example:________________________________________
Unit 4 – Forces
Newton’s Laws
36. What is Newton’s first law? What is this law sometimes called?
37. Give two examples of objects in motion staying in motion and objects at rest staying at rest.
38. What is inertia? What determines an object’s inertia?
39. Which of the following object has the greatest inertia?
A
B
C
D
v = 2 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = 0 m/s
v = 3 m/s
Mass = 80 kg
Mass = 40 kg
Mass = 60 kg
Mass = 12 kg
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40. How is mass different from weight? Would your mass on the moon be the same as your mass on the
earth? Would your weight on the moon be the same as your weight on the earth? Why
41. What is a force? What is it measured in?
42. What motion(s) would you see if the forces on an object are balanced? (constant speed, acceleration, at rest)
43. What motion(s) would you see if the forces on an object are unbalanced? (constant speed, acceleration, at rest)
44. What is Newton’s second law?
45. What happens to the force if you increase the mass of an object? Give an example.
46. What happens if you increase the acceleration of an object? Give an example.
47. What is Newton’s third law? Give two examples of force pairs.
For each of the following free body diagrams to the right, determine the net force acting on the object.
Create a free body/force diagram for each of the following scenarios:
48. A book is at rest on a table top. Diagram the forces acting on the book.
49. A car is coasting to the right and slowing down. Diagram the forces acting upon the car.
50. A rightward force is applied to a book in order to move it across a desk with a rightward acceleration.
Consider frictional forces. Neglect air resistance. Diagram the forces acting on the book
51. A leftward force is applied to a book in order to move it across a desk at constant velocity. Consider
frictional forces. Neglect air resistance. Diagram the forces acting on the book.
52. A football is moving upwards towards its peak after having been kicked by the punter. Neglect air
resistance. Diagram the forces acting upon the football as it rises upward towards its peak.
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Complete each of the problems below using GUESS.
53. What is the net force necessary for a 1600 kg car to accelerate forwards at 2 m/s2?
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54. A baseball accelerates downward at 9.8 m/s2. If the gravitational force is the only force acting on the ball
and it is 1.4 N, what is the baseball’s mass?
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55. A 1250 kg car is stalled along the side of the road. Two men decide to push the car to the nearest gas
station. If the two men each push with 50 N of force and the force of friction is 15 N, what is the
acceleration of the car?
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Unit 5 – Energy, Work, Power and Momentum
Energy
56. What is energy? What unit is it measured in?
57. What is potential energy? What types of potential energy are there? What is the formula for it?
58. What is kinetic energy? What is the formula for it?
59. What is the PE of 0.8 kg bird flying at an altitude of 350 m?
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60. A bowling ball traveling 3.0 m/s has a KE of 12 J. What is the mass of the bowling ball?
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61. What is the law of conservation of energy?
62. Draw the Energy Flow Diagram for an object that is falling towards the ground.
63. As the pendulum bob swings from position A to position B, its total mechanical energy ________.
(Neglecting friction and air resistance)
a. decreases
b. increases
c. remains the same
64. As the pendulum bob swings from position A to position B, its ________.
a. speed decreases
b. potential energy decreases
c. mass decreases
d. kinetic energy decreases
Work and Power
65. What is work? What is the formula for calculating it?
66. How much work does a crane do if it uses a force of 4500 N to lift a girder 25 m?
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67. What is power? What is the formula for calculating it?
68. Which required more work, walking one mile or running one mile? Why?
69. Which required more power, walking one mile or running one mile? Why?
70. While rowing across a lake in a race, John does 4000 J of work on the oars in 60 s. What is his power
output?
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Momentum and Impulse
71. What is momentum? How is an objects momentum calculated?
72. Explain the law of conservation of momentum. Give an example.
73. Be able to determine or compare the momentums of objects: Which has more momentum, a truck parked
in a lot or a bike traveling at 20 mph?
74. What is the momentum of a 100 kg person on a bike that travels at 20 m/s?
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75. Calculate the velocity of a 0.5 kg baseball when its momentum is 5 kg m/s.
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76. What is impulse? What is the formula for calculating it?
77. If a 30 N force is applied to a baseball for 0.5 s, what is the size of the impulse on the ball?
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78. What effect does changing the time over which momentum is changed have on the amount of force an
object experiences? Give an example.
79. What are the two types of collisions? Give an example of each.
80. Explain why the speed of a rifle’s recoil is small compared to the speed of the bullet fired using the
conservation of momentum law.
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