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Chabot College
Fall 2005
Replaced Fall 2010
Course Outline for Engineering 45
MATERIALS OF ENGINEERING
Catalog Description:
45 – Materials of Engineering
3 units
Application of principles of chemistry and physics to the properties of engineering materials. The relation of
microstructure to mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties of metals. Solid material phase
equilibria and transformations. The physical, chemical, mechanical and optical properties of ceramics,
composites, and polymers. Operation and use of materials characterization instruments and methods.
Prerequisites: Chemistry 1A, Engineering 25, and Physics 4A (all completed with a grade of C or higher).
2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
[Typical contact hours: lecture 35, laboratory 52.5]
Prerequisite Skills:
Before entering the course the student should be able to:
1. solve problems involving the concepts listed under course content;
2. write short explanations describing various chemical phenomena studied;
3. write balanced chemical equations including net ionic equations;
4. write balanced chemical equations for oxidation-reduction reactions;
5. describe the different models of the atom;
6. use standard nomenclature and notation;
7. calculate enthalpies of reaction using calorimetry, Hess's law, heats of formation and bond energies;
8. describe hybridization, geometry and polarity for simple molecules;
9. draw Lewis dot structures for molecules and polyatomic ions;
10. describe the bonding in compounds and ions;
11. describe simple molecular orbitals of homonuclear systems;
12. predict deviations from ideal behavior in real gases;
13. explain chemical and physical changes in terms of thermodynamics;
14. describe the nature of solids, liquids, gases and phase changes;
15. describe metallic bonding and semiconductors;
16. define all concentration units for solutions and solve solution stoichiometry problems;
17. collect and analyze scientific data, using statistical and graphical methods;
18. perform volumetric analyses;
19. use a barometer;
20. use a visible spectrophotometer;
21. perform gravimetric analysis.
22. analyze engineering/science word problems to formulate a mathematical model of the problem;
23. express in MATLAB notation: scalars, vectors, matrices;
24. perform, using MATLAB or EXCEL, mathematical operations on vectors, scalars, and matrices
a. addition and subtraction
b. multiplication and addition
c. exponentiation;
25. compute, using MATLAB or EXCEL, the numerical-value of standard mathematical functions
a. trigonometric functions
b. exponential functions
c. square-roots and absolute values
26. import data to MATLAB for subsequent analysis from data-sources
a. data-acquisition-system data-files
b. spreadsheet files;
27. construct graphical plots for mathematical-functions in two or three dimensions;
28. formulate a fit to given data in terms of a mathematical curve, or model, based on linear, polynomial,
power, or exponential functions
a. assess the goodness-of-fit for the mathematical model using regression analysis;
29. apply MATLAB to find the numerical solution to systems of linear equations
a. uniquely determined
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Course Outline for Engineering 45, Page 2
Fall 2005
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b. underdetermined
c. overdetermined;
perform using MATLAB or EXCEL statistical analysis of experimental data to determine the mean,
median, standard deviation, and other measures that characterize the nature of the data ;
computer, for empirical or functional data, numerical definite-integrals and discrete-point derivatives
solve numerically, using MATLAB, linear, second order, constant-coefficient, nonhomogenous ordinary
differential equations;
assess, symbolically, using MATLAB
a. the solution to transcendental equations
b. derivatives, antiderivatives, and integrals
c. solutions to ordinary differential equations;
apply, using EXCEL, linear regression analysis to xy data-sets to determine for the best-fit line the:
slope, intercept, and correlation-coefficient;
draw using MATLAB or EXCEL two-dimensional Cartesian (xy) line-plots with multiple data-sets
(multiple lines);
draw using EXCEL qualitative-comparison charts such as Bar-Charts and Column-Charts in two or three
dimensions;
perform, using MATLAB and EXCEL, mathematical-logic operations
compose EXCEL Visual-Basic MACRO programs/functions to automate repetitive spreadsheet tasks.
analyze and solve a variety of problems often using calculus in topics such as:
a. addition, subtraction, dot product and cross product of vectors;
b. linear and rotational kinematics;
c. dynamics;
d. momentum;
e. work, kinetic energy, and potential energy;
f. rotational kinematics and dynamics;
g. statics;
h. gravitation;
i. fluids;
j. waves;
operate standard laboratory equipment;
analyze laboratory data;
write comprehensive laboratory reports.
Expected Outcome for Students:
Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to:
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explain Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding
compare and contrast crystal structure of solid materials
explain solid imperfections, including both vacancy and self-interstitial crystalline defects
apply the fundamental aspects of solid state diffusion as quantified by Fick's first and second laws in
equation form
evaluate the mechanical properties of metals using stress, strain, Poisson's ratio, elastic modulus,
hardness, and ductility
assess the effects of edge and screw dislocations to explain material-strengthening mechanisms
Interpret the circumstances of material failure including: ductile/brittle fracture, fatigue cracking, and
elevated temperature creep
examine, appraise, draw/sketch, and explain phase diagrams
Use phase diagrams to determine phase compositions and mass-fractions
examine, appraise, draw/sketch, and explain phase transformations in metals
describe the applications and processing of metal alloys including ferrous and nonferrous alloys
compare and contrast the structures and properties of ceramics
describe the applications and processing of ceramics
compare and contrast polymer structures
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Course Outline for Engineering 45, Page 3
Fall 2005
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explain the major characteristics, applications, and processing of polymers
compare and contrast the structures and properties of composite materials
explain the major characteristics, applications, and processing of Composite Materials
identify and assess the electrical and electronic properties of solid materials
identify and assess thermal properties of solid materials
identify and assess the magnetic properties of solid materials
identify and assess the optical properties of solids
operate materials characterization laboratory equipment, including:
a. hardness (Rockwell and/or Brinell) hardness tester
b. tensile strength tester
c. metallurgical microscope
d. scales, dividers, calipers, micrometers
e. grinders/polishers
f. digital multimeter (DMM)
g. precision weight scales
23. function with increased independence in laboratory: set-up and perform the experiments based on the
instructions in the laboratory sheets, and to analyze laboratory data and present experimental using
MATLAB, all without extensive input on the part of the instructor.
Course Content:
1. Introduction of Materials Engineering
a. classification of materials
b. advanced materials such as carbon composites, liquid metals, superconductors
2. Atomic structure and interatomic bonding
a. atom models; electrons in atoms
b. periodic table and electronic structure
c. interatomic bonding: types, forces, energy
d. molecule formation and structure
3. Crystal structure
a. crystal unit cells
b. metal crystal structures
c. density calculations
d. crystal systems
1) coordination number
2) atomic packing factor
e. crystallographic points, directions, planes, miller indices
f. crystalline and noncrystalline materials
3) single crystal
4) polycrystal
5) amorphous
4. Solid imperfections
a. point defects
1) vacancies and interstitials
2) impurities
b. defect density as a function of temperature
c. line-defects and dislocations
d. bulk defects
e. microscopic examination techniques/methods
5. Solid State diffusion
a. diffusion mechanisms and driving force
b. diffusion coefficient as function of temperature
c. fick’s first and second laws
d. steady-state diffusion
e. transient diffusion
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Course Outline for Engineering 45, Page 4
Fall 2005
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f. steady-state diffusion calculations
g. factors that influence diffusion
h. numerical analysis using MATLAB
Mechanical properties of metals
a. engineering/true stress and strain definitions and calculation
b. elastic and shear modulus of elasticity
c. poisson’s ratio
d. elastic deformation
1) stress-strain behavior
2) elastic properties of materials
e. plastic deformation
1) true stress-strain behavior
2) elastic recovery
3) compressive, shear, and torsional deformation
f. hardness
g. variability of materials properties; factor of safety
h. numerical analysis using matlab
Dislocations and strengthening mechanisms
a. characteristics of dislocations and dislocation-movement
b. slip systems
c. resolved shear stress and critical resolved shear stress
d. grain size strengthening
e. solid-solution strengthening
f. strain hardening and cold work
g. recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth
Mechanical failure
a. ductile/brittle fracture
b. linear elastic fracture mechanics, and crack growth/propagation
c. impact testing
d. mechanical fatigue
1) cyclic stresses
2) s-n curve
3) crack propagation
4) factors affecting fatigue performance
e. elevated temperature creep
1) three phase creep
2) stress and temperature effects
3) creep resistant alloys
Phase diagrams
a. solubility limit
b. phases
c. microstructure
d. phase equilibria
e. equilibrium phase diagrams
1) phase proportions by the lever law
2) eutectic: systems, alloys, reactions
f. iron-carbon phase diagram
1) fe-fec phase diagram
2) iron-carbon alloy microstructure development
3) alloying elements
Solid phase transformations
a. phase transformation kinetics: nucleation and growth
b. multiphase transformation
c. isothermal phase transformation diagrams
d. continuous cooling transformation diagrams
e. in the Fe-FeC system formation of: austenite, pearlite, martinsite, bainite, spherodite
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Course Outline for Engineering 45, Page 5
Fall 2005
f. mechanical behavior of Fe-FeC alloys – strength vs. microstructure
11. Applications and processing of metal alloys
a. ferrous and nonferrous alloys
b. cast-irons, steels, stainless steels
c. forming and casting
d. post process heat treatment
e. precipitation hardening
12. Ceramics
a. crystal structures; anion-cation,
b. electroneutrality and stoiciometry
c. imperfections
d. diffusion in ionic materials
e. phase diagrams
f. fracture mechanics
g. stress-strain behavior
13. Applications and processing of ceramics
a. Glasses – composition and processing
b. clay products
c. refractories
d. portland cements
e. advanced ceramics
f. temperature effects – glass transition temperature
14. Polymer structures
a. hydrocarbon molecules
b. polymer molecules and chemistry
c. molecular: weight, structure, shape, configuration
d. thermoplasts and thermosets
e. polymer crystals
f. polymer defects
15. Characteristics, applications and processing of polymerss
a. Stress Strain behavior
1) strain-rate effects
2) relaxation modulus
b. deformation mechanisms
c. temperature effects
1) melting and glass transition temperatures strain-rate effects
2) leathery, rubbery, and viscous-flow regimes
d. heat treatment
e. vulcanization
f. fabrication methods
16. Solid composites
a. primary constituents: matrix, dispersed-phase
b. particle reinforced – large and small
c. fiber reinforced - continuous and discontinuous
d. structural
17. Electrical/Electronic properties of materials
a. ohm’s law
b. electrical conduction
c. energy band structure
d. metallic conduction – affects of alloying
e. intrinsic/extrinsic semiconductors
f. doping and semiconduction – free charge density, and charge mobility, temperature effects
g. semiconductor devices –
3) p/n junctions
4) Transistors: MOSFET, BJT
h. dielectric behavior and capacitance
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Course Outline for Engineering 45, Page 6
Fall 2005
18. Thermal properties of materials
a. Specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity
b. Thermal stress
c. Thermal Shock
19. Magnetic properties of materials
a. solenoid physics
b. flux density, magnetization, permeability, susceptibility
c. diamagnetism and paramagnetism
d. ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism
e. curie temperature
f. domains and hysteresis
g. soft and hard magnetic materials
20. Optical properties of materials
a. electromagnetic radiation – spectrum and propagation
b. photons and EM waves
c. light interactions with solids
d. refraction
e. reflection, absorption, transmission
f. material color
g. luminescence
h. photoconduction
21. Laboratory exercises on materials characterization
a. determination of pure-metal and alloy-metal electrical resistivity; comparison to published values
b. microscale feature measurement using the metallurgical microscope
c. Rockwell hardness testing for round and flat metal specimens; comparison to published values
d. Brinell hardness testing for flat metal specimens; comparison to published values
e. tensile testing to fracture for ferrous, nonferrous, and plastic materials
1) determine yield and ultimate strength; comparison to published values
2) determine modulus of elasticity; comparison to published values
f. laminated, sandwich-composite beam deflection:
1) sandwich-core
2) one-sided sandwich
3) two-sided sandwichoscilloscope
4) determine the effective modulus of elasticity for the composite structure
g. use of standard engineering-lab tools
1) calipers and micrometers
2) digital multimeter
3) metallurical microscope
4) grinders & polishers
5) personal-protective safety equipment
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Course Outline for Engineering 45, Page 7
Fall 2005
Methods of Presentation:
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Formal lectures using PowerPoint and/or WhiteBoard presentations
Laboratory demonstrations
Computer demonstrations
Class discussion of problems, solutions and student’s questions
Assignments and Methods of Evaluating Student Progress:
1. Typical Assignments
a. Read chapter-3 in the text on the structure of crystalline structure of materials
b. Exercises from the text book, or those created by the instructor
1) Derive planar density expressions for the BCC (100) and (110) planes in terms of the atomic
radius, R.
2) Consider copper diffusion in nickel. At what temperature will the diffusion coefficient for have a
value of 6.5x10-17 m2/s? Use the diffusion data in
textbook table 5.2
3) Explain why FINE PEARLITE is harder and stronger
than COARSE PEARLITE, which in turn is harder and
stronger than SPHERODITE
4) The diagram at right contains the B-H curve for a steel
alloy. Given this curve, determine the:
a) Saturation flux density
b) Saturation magnetization
c) Remanence
d) Coercivity
c.
Hands-on Laboratory exercises
1) Conduct the Laboratory Exercise on the deflection of
laminated-composite cantilever beams. Construct the test Beams, and then use the deflection
fixture and instruments to measure the deflection vs. load. Use the experimental data to
compute the effective Modulus of Elasticity, Eeff, for the pure, and composite materials.
2. Methods of Evaluating Student Progress
a. Weekly Homework Assignments
b. Weekly Hands-on Laboratory Exercises
c. Examinations
d. Final Examination
Textbook(s) (Typical):
Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction , 6th Edition, William D. Callister, Jr., John Wiley, 2003
Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers, 6/E, James F. Shackelford, Prentice Hall, 2005
The Science and Engineering of Materials 4th Edition ,Donald R. Askeland, Pradeep P. Phulé , ThomsonBrooks/Cole, 2003
Foundations Of Materials Science And Engineering, Third Edition, William F. Smith, McGraw-Hill, 2004
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering: An Integrated Approach, 2nd Edition, William D.
Callister, Jr., John Wiley, 2004
Chabot College
Course Outline for Engineering 45, Page 8
Fall 2005
Special Student Materials:
1. MATLAB Software
Bruce Mayer, PE • Course_Outline_ENGR45_041001.doc
New ENGR25 PreReq, Updated content Nov04