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Greenhouse Biology Final 2009-2010
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1. Gregor Mendel formulated some basic principles of heredity from the results of his experiments with which
organisms?
(a) Drosophila
(b) bacteria
(c) four-o’clock plants
(d) pea plants
2. Which structures code information for inheriting traits?
(a) nuclear membranes
(b) cell membranes
(c) vacuoles
(d) genes
3. What is the product of mitosis?
(a) 2 identical cells with a haploid (n) set of chromosomes
(b) 2 identical cells with a diploid (2n) set of chromosomes
(c) 4 identical cells with a haploid (n) set of chromosomes
(d) 4 different cells with a haploid (n) set of chromosomes
4. In pea plants, tallness is dominant over shortness. If 50% of one generation of pea plants are short, what
are the probable genotypes of the parents? (Hint: do a Punnett square to find the answer)
(a) tt x TT
(b) Tt x tt
(c) Tt xTt
(d) tt xtt
5. Proteins are formed from monomers (subunits) called —
a. amino acids _
b. fatty acid
c. nucleic acids
d. nucleotides
6. Which type of reproduction gives the most genetic diversity?
(a) asexual
(b) runners
(c) regeneration
(d) sexual
7. The following represents a DNA strand:
CGCTAA
(a) CGCTAA
(b) GCGATT
(c) ACAGCC
(d) GCGAUU
What is the complementary strand of DNA?
Greenhouse Biology Final 2009-2010
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8. The diagram below represents a pair of homologous chromosomes. Which gene combination represents the
heterozygous condition for a trait?
(a) Aa
(b) BB
(c) AB
A
a
B
B
(d) aB
9. Where is hereditary information for most traits generally located?
(a) genes found on chromosomes located in the nucleus
(b) chromosomes found on genes located in the cytoplasm
(c) the mitochondria of gametes
(d) the lysosomes in the cytoplasm
10. Genes are composed of which substance?
(a) ATP
(b) lipids
(c) starch
(d) DNA
11. Which of the following allows a bacteria to increase its’ resistance to antibiotics?
(a) binary fission
(b) gel electrophoresis.
(c) independent assortment
(d) genetic variation
12. Which element is not found in a carbohydrate molecule?
(a) carbon
(b) hydrogen
(c) oxygen
(d) nitrogen
13. Which phrase best describes evolution?
(a) the change in size of body structures through use and disuse
(b) the formation of fossils
(c) a process of growth in an organism
(d) a process of change over time
Greenhouse Biology Final 2009-2010
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14. According to the theory of natural selection, why are some individuals more likely than others to survive
and reproduce?
(a) Some individuals reproduce asexually and are more likely to survive if their environment changes
(b) Some individuals are better adapted to their environments than others and can reproduce more.
(c) Some individuals do not pass on to their offspring new characteristics
(d) Some individuals tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the same environment.
15. What life process is most closely associated with the passage of salts into and out of cells?
(a) transport
(b) respiration
(c) reproduction
(d) digestion
16. Which life process is classified as autotrophic in some organisms and heterotrophic in other organisms?
(a ) hormonal regulation
(b) nutrition
(c) anaerobic respiration
(d) transport
17. The human appendix and wisdom teeth no longer have major functions in modern humans. What is the term
for a structure that an organism possesses but evolution has rendered useless?
(a) radioactive
(b) nonfunctional
(c) homologous
(d) vestigial
18. Eliminating carbon dioxide and nitrogenous waste from an organism is best illustrated by which life
function?
(a) regulation
(b) nutrition
(c) respiration
(d) excretion
19. In an ecosystem, what is the ultimate source of all energy?
(a) photosynthesis
(b) oxygen
(c) fermentation
(d) sunlight
20. Which is an example of a biotic factor that would limit the size of a deer herd?
(a) populations of predators
(b) severe summer drought
(c) lack of oxygen at high altitudes
(d) heavy winter snowfalls
Greenhouse Biology Final 2009-2010
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21. Which best represents a population?
(a) all the fish in Lake Norman
(b) all the red maple trees on Grandfather Mountain
(c) all the birds in Mecklenburg County
(d) all the algae in the Lake Wylie
22. Which sequence shows the levels of organization from least complex to most complex?
(a) biosphere, ecosystem, community
(b) biosphere, community, ecosystem
(c) community. ecosystem, biosphere
(d) ecosystem, biosphere. community
23. Consider the following diagram:
What is the interaction shown
A. Predation – Predator/Prey
B. Parasitism
C. Commensalism
D. Mutualism
24. Which of the following two organisms are heterotrophs?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A and B
B and C
C and E
D and E
25. Which statement is best supported by the
diagram of the carbon-oxygen cycle?
(a) Decomposers add oxygen to the atmosphere and
remove carbon dioxide.
(b) Combustion adds oxygen to the atmosphere and
removes carbon dioxide.
(c) Producers generate oxygen and use carbon
dioxide.
(d) Consumers generate oxygen and use carbon
dioxide.
Greenhouse Biology Final 2009-2010
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26. Which processes are most directly involved in the cycling of carbon dioxide and oxygen between plants and
animals in an ecosystem? (Hint: they are opposites of each other)
(a) transpiration and excretion
(b) photosynthesis and respiration
(c) dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
(d) decomposition and succession
Base your answers to 27 & 28 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
27. Which organisms represent decomposers?
(a) algae
(b) tadpole
(c) bacteria of decay
(d) snake
28. Which two organisms are classified as producers?
(a) tadpole and worm
(b) algae and grass
(c) grass and tadpole
(d) raccoon and algae
29. In the nutritional relationship between heartworms and a dog, the heartworms benefit at the expense of
the dog. Which term best describes this relationship?
(a) commensalism
(b) mutualism
(c) parasitism
(d) saprophytism
Greenhouse Biology Final 2009-2010
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30. Crocodiles often allow ibises (small birds) to enter their mouths to pick hits of food from between their
teeth. Both the crocodiles and the ibises benefit. Which term best describes this relationship?
(a) saprophytism
(b) parasitism
(c) commensalisms
(d) mutualism
31. Based on the pyramid diagram below, which level contains the most biomass?
Snakes
Frogs
Crickets
Green plants
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
snakes
frogs
crickets
green plants
32. Examine the diagram and determine the correct amount of energy of the snake according to the 10% rule.
Snakes Frogs Crickets Green plants – 5000kcal
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
5 kcal
50 kcal
500 kcal
50,000 kcal
33. What do the arrows in a food chain indicate?
a)
b)
c)
d)
the direction in which organisms move in the environment.
the direction of energy flow through a series of organisms
the order of importance of the various organisms
the return of chemical substances to the environment
Greenhouse Biology Final 2009-2010
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34. Which group of structures is found in prokaryotic cells?
A ribosome, nucleus, cilia, cell wall
B ribosomes, DNA, flagella, cell wall
C chloroplast, DNA, cilia, vacuole
D chloroplast, nucleus, flagella, vacuole
35. Which diagram represents the type of asexual reproduction known as regeneration?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
36. The smallest unit of life capable of carrying out all the functions of living things is a(n):
a.
b.
c.
d.
Population
Tissue
Cell
Organ
37. Which safety precaution is recommended when a liquid is being heated in a test tube?
(a) When holding the test tube, keep fingers closest to the open end of the tube.
(b) Direct the flame of the burner into the open end of the test tube.
(c) Stopper the test tube with a rubber stopper.
(d) Wear goggles and a laboratory apron.
38. A chart of human chromosome pairs is called a karyotype. What information is revealed in the specific
karyotype below?
a)
b)
c)
d)
sex _
age
clone type
gene dominance
Greenhouse Biology Final 2009-2010
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39. Which diagram represents an organelle that contains the enzymes needed to synthesize (to make)
ATP in the presence of oxygen?
40. What is the common ancestor of A, B, and E?
(a) H
(b) I
(c) J
(d) K
41. The effect of pH on a certain enzyme is shown in the graph below.
At what pH would the enzyme be most effective?
a. above 10
b. below 5
c. between 8 and 10
d. between 4 and 6
Greenhouse Biology Final 2009-2010
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42. Which statement best illustrates the life process of growth?
(a) A dog consumes a bowl of food.
(b) An Ameba moves away from bright light.
(c) A bean seed germinates.
(d) Two monosaccharides are formed from a disaccharide.
43. Which structures in the diagram below enable the observer to identify it as a plant cell?
(a) A and B
(b) B and C
(c) A and C
(d) B and D
44. Enzymes are formed from monomers (subunits) called:
a. Amino acids
b. Fatty acids
c. Nucleic acids
d. nucleotides
45. The ribosome is an organelle that functions in which process?
(a) phagocytosis
(b) pinocytosis
(c) protein synthesis
(d) cellular respiration
46. Compared
energy needs.
a.
b.
c.
d.
to a skin cell, a muscle cell is likely to have more _________________ because of increased
Golgi bodies
chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Cell membranes
47. What structure is found in all cells?
(a) mitochondria
(b) cell membrane
(c) cell wall
(d) endoplasmic reticulum
Greenhouse Biology Final 2009-2010
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48. Which cell structure is represented by the diagram?
(a) protein
(b) molecules
(c) plasma membrane
(d) cell wall
49. Which organelles must be present within a cell of a geranium leaf for respiration and photosynthesis to
occur?
(a) cell wall and lysosome
(b) mitochondrion and chloroplast
(c) centrosome and nucleus
(d) endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome
50. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The
diagram represents some processes occurring in the leaf of a plant.
Water
A
Carbon
Dioxide
C
Which equation illustrates a process of nutrition carried out within the leaf?
(a) B + DA + C
(b) A + CB + D
(c) B + CA + D
(d) A + B + DB + C
51. In plants, which structures increases the surface area for absorbing water?
(a) stomates
(b) phloem cells
(c) lenticels
(d) root hairs
Greenhouse Biology Final 2009-2010
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52. Which components of a geranium plant have functions similar to those of the arteries and veins of
humans?
(a) xylem and phloem
(b) cambium and epidermis
(c) chloroplasts and guard cells
(d) palisade and spongy layers
53. Which term refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism?
(a) respiration
(b) synthesis
(c) metabolism
(d) homeostasis
54. The members of a certain species of grass in a lawn are genetically identical. The best explanation for
this observation is that the species most probably reproduces in which way?
(a) asexually
(b) pollination
(c) fertilization
(d) conjugation
55. Acer saccharum is the scientific name for the sugar maple tree. Acer is the name of the trees
(a) genus
(b) phylum
(c) species
(d) kingdom
56. Which
Category
Phylum
Class
Genus
Species
two organisms in the chart below have chromosomes that are most similar in genetic composition?
Organism A
Organism B Organism C Organism D
Tracheophyta Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Angiospermae Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Taraxacurn
Canis
Canis
Homo
officinae
familiaris
lupus
sapiens
(a) A and B
(b) A and D
(c) B and C
(d) C and D
Greenhouse Biology Final 2009-2010
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57. In the binomial system of nomenclature, which two classification groups provide the scientific name of an
organism?
(a) kingdom and phylum
(b) phylum and species
(c) kingdom and genus
(d) genus and species
58. Which organic compound is correctly matched with the subunit that composes it?
(a) maltose- amino acid
(b) starch- glucose
(c) protein- fatty acid
(d) lipid—sucrose
59. Vegetable oils, such as corn oil, belong to which general class of organic substances?
(a) lipids
(b) proteins
(c) carbohydrates
(d) salts
60. Enzymes are produced as a direct result of which process?
(a) protein synthesis
(b) respiration
(c ) photosynthesis
(d) enzymatic hydrolysis
61. The cell shown below is undergoing mitosis. The daughter chromosomes are moving toward opposite poles
of the cell. Which phase of mitosis is shown above?
a)
b)
c)
d)
anaphase
metaphase
prophase
telophase
62. A lab technician wants to do a general test on Eggbert’s stomach contents to see if
Eggbert has eaten any protein. What chemical does she need to use?
A. Benedict’s
B. Biuret’s
C. phenolphthalein
D. brown paper bag