Download Outline for the grammar portion of the Chapter 3 exam.

Outline for the grammar portion of the Chapter 3 exam.
- know how to conjugate verbs ending in the letters “er.”
-arriver, regarder
- know how to conjugate verbs ending in the letters “ger.”
- manger, nager
- HINT: the only difference between ger verbs and just er verbs in that
add an e in the nous form
-Nous nagEons
- Nous mangEons
- know how to say you are going somewhere
-Je vais
-tu vas
-il va
-nous allons
-vous allez
-ils vont
- know how to say you are “going to” do something
-Je vais manger
- tu vas manger
- il va manger
- nous allons manger
- vous allez manger
- ils vont manger
- finally, know that when a verb is conjugated, you add the infinitive after it.
- J’aime ____________ (tricoter).
- aimer is matched with je (or it would still have the er at
the end), so the answer is “J’aime tricoter.”
- Je __________________ (aimer)
- it ends in -er, so you just treat it like an er verb. “Je
aime”
you
ER Verbs
1.
We have learned how to say different things in French:
a. Ensiegner: to teach
b. Étudier: to study
c. Écouter: to listen
d. Lever la main: To raise your hand
2. But how do you use these expressions?
a. In French, we always use a pronoun to describe what we are talking about. They are:
i.
Je: “I”
Nous: “We” (royal)
ii. Tu: “you (singular)”
Vous: “You (plural)”
iii. Il: “he”
Ils: “They (for ‘le’ words)
iv. Elle: “she”
Elles: “They (for ‘la’ words)
v. On: “One”
1. “one” is a general saying, such as “one might do the dishes” or “one
must learn to speak French.”
b. You replace what you are talking about by one of these
i.
Le crayon
1. It’s a ‘le’ word, there’s only one, so it’s replaced by
a. Il
ii. La porte
1. It’s a ‘la’ word and there’s only one, so it’s replaced by
a. Elle
iii. Les crayons
1. It’s a ‘le’ word, but there’s more than one, so it’s replaced by ‘ils’
iv. Les portes
1. It’s a la word, but there’s more than one, so it’s replaced by ‘elles’
c. What happens if you are talking about a ‘le’ word and a ‘la’ word together?
i.
Such as: Le crayon et la porte
1. It is replaced by ils as well.
a. So ‘ils’ replaces a plural (more than one) le word OR a ‘le’
word and a ‘la’ word put together
‘le pupitre et la fenêtre’ is replaced by ils
i.
ii. ‘le stylo et la chaise’ is replaced by ils
3. Using verbs with these pronouns
a. In english, we use infinitives (the “to” form) of verbs rarely.
i.
To be or not to be
b. Usually, we use a process known as conjugation, which matches a pronoun (what we
just looked at) with a form of the verb.
i.
In other words, we don’t say “I to be,” but “I am.”
c. In French, there are several kinds of verbs. For now, we will discuss verbs that end in
–er.
i.
We know a few of these: étudier, manger, écouter
1. Step one in conjugation- write out the pronouns
a. Je
Nous
b. Tu
Vous
c. Il
ils
d. Elle
elles
e. On
2. Step two: Take the verb, chop off the –er ending. We’ll use étudier
as an example.
a. Étudier ---) étudi3. Step three: add these endings
a. Je étudie
Nous étudions
b. Tu étudies
Vous étudiez
c. Il étudie
ils étudient
d. Elle étudie
elles étudient
e. On étudie
i. The endings are e,es,e, ons, ez, ent
4. THE ENDING FOR ils, elles is SILENT
a. Étudient- pronounced “ay too dee”
5. Examples
a. Écouter- to listen
i. J’écoute nous écoutons
ii. Tu écoutes vous écoutez
iii. Il écoute
ils écoutent
iv. Elle écoute elles écoutent
v. On écoute
b. Arriver- to arrive, to happen
i. J’arrive nous arrivons
ii. Tu arrives
vous arrivez
iii. Il arriveils arrivent
iv. Elle arrive
elles arrivent
v. On arrive
c. Enseigner- to teach
i. J’enseigne
nous enseignons
ii. Tu enseignes
vous enseignez
iii. Il enseigne
ils enseignent
iv. Elle enseigne elles enseignent
v. On enseigne
L’infinitif
In English, an infinitive is an unconjugated form of a verb. Examples discussed were:
To destroy, to sing, to stamp collect, to fish, to horseback ride, to eat
In English, we conjugate our infinitives:
To Destroy
I Destroy
We Destroy
You Destroy
You all Destroy
He/She/it Destroys
They Destroy
We do the same thing in French. Take for example the verb sortir.
Sortir
Je sors
nous sortons
Tu sors
vous sortez
Il sort
ils sortent
Elle sort
elles sortent.
On sort
If the unconjugated form of the verb is the infinitive, when is it used?
In English, we use it to indicate specific expressions. For example,
It was impossible to find.
I want to eat.
You are going to drive.
You need to sit.
In French, several expressions indicate this. Let’s divide them into er verb and non-er verb
categories.
Er verbs.
Aimer: To like or to love. J’aime conduire.
Adorer: to love. J’adore faire de l’équitation.
Détester: To hate. Je déteste patiner.
Désirer : To desire. Je désire dessiner.
Préférer, or aimer mieux : to Prefer.
Je préfère conduire.
The Near Future
Présent :
Je vais à la bibliothèque. I go to the library.
Pierre va au marché. I go to the market.
Let’s review some infinitives:
Je déteste nager. I hate to swim.
J’aime patiner. I love to skate.
The forms of aller are:
Je vais Nous allons
Tu vas vous allez
Il va
ils vont
Elle va elles vont
On va
The Near Future
Steps to make present near future:
1. Find your subject and your verb.
2. Find the infinitive form of the verb (je mange – manger)
3. Take the subject and conjugate it with aller (Je vais)
4. Place the infinitive form of the verb after the subject and conjugated form of aller.
Examples:
Je vais à la bibliothèque
Je vais aller à la bibliothèque
Pierre marche.
Pierre va marcher.