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Practice Exam #3
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1. A plant cell placed in a solution with a higher water potential will ______.
a. Lose water and crenate
b. Lose water and become turgid
c. Gain water and become turgid
d. Lose water and plasmolyze
e. Gain water and plasmolyze
2. The rate of transpiration is expected to be greatest on a _________ day.
a. Cool an moist
b. Warm and moist
c. Cool and dry
d. Warm and dry
e. Windy and cool
3. In a plant root, the one cell type in which water cannot move via the apoplast is the _.
a. Epidermis
b. Endodermis
c. Pericycle
d. Cortex
e. Vascular tissues
4. What keeps the force of gravity from overcoming transpirational pull?
a. Upward pressure from the roots
b. High ater pressure in the leaves
c. The Casparian strip block them from moving out
d. Movement of water toward a sugar sink
e. Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules
5. Guard cells _____.
a. Control the rate of transpiration
b. Push water upward in a plant stem
c. Protect the plant’s roots from infection
d. Control water and solute intake by roots
e. Protect nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules
6. In general, stomata are ______ during the day and _______ at night.
a. Open…. Closed
b. Closed… open
c. Open…. Open
d. Closed…. Closed
e. There is no diurnal pattern
7. C4 plants are adapted to hot, arid environments because _________.
a. They can fix carbon from carbon dioxide even when stomata are partially
closed.
b. They lose more water to transpiration than C3 plants
c. They have evolved alternatives to the Calvin cycle
d. They can leave their stomata open even on hot, dry days
e. All of the above
8. When referring to phloem transport, the “sink” in roots is created by _____.
a. The active transport of mineral ions into xylem cells
b. The osmosis of water into xylem cells
Practice Exam #3
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c. The absorption of water from the soil through epidermal cells
d. Active transport of sugars from phloem to cortex cells
e. All of the above
9. Monocot stems differ from dicot stems in that ______.
a. in cross section the vascular bundles of monocots have a complex
arrangement, whereas in dicots the vascular bundles are arranged in a circle
b. in cross section the vascular bundles of monocots are arranged in a circle,
whereas in dicots the vascular bundles have a complex arrangement
c. monocot stems have netted venation, whereas dicot stems have parallel
venation
d. monocot stems have parallel venation, whereas dicot stems have netted
venation
e. monocot stems have vascular bundles, whereas dicot stems do not have
vascular bundles
10. A root hair is ______
a. a multicellular extension of the root epidermis
b. an extension of the endodermis of roots
c. a specialized root epidermal cell
d. a structure that absorbs water from soil
e. an extension of an individual cell and a structure that absorbs water from soil
11. Which of the following are dead at maturity?
a. parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells
b. collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells
c. sieve-tube members and companion cells
d. tracheids and companion cells
e. tracheids and vessel elements
12. Which of the following is a sugar source?
a. A green leaf
b. A developing fruit
c. A growing root
d. A growing shoot
e. A tree trunk
13. Most of the photosynthesis in plants takes place in specialized _____ cells called the
______.
a. parenchyma ... mesophyll
b. sclerenchyma ... palisades
c. cortex ... parenchyma
d. cortex ... parenchyma
e. vascular ... collenchyma
14. A region of cell division in a plant is called a ______.
a. Meristem
b. Cortex
c. Ground tissue
d. Cotyledon
e. Mycorrhizal zone
Practice Exam #3
15. In most leaves, chloroplast-containing cells are most closely compacted in ____.
a. The vein
b. The upper epidermis
c. The lower epidermis
d. The mesophyll
e. None of the above
16. Which of the following is closest to the center of a woody stem?
a. Vascular cambium
b. Young phloem
c. Old phloem
d. Young xylem
e. Old xylem
17. In a large, old tree, which one of the following provides the most physical support?
a. Heartwood
b. Sapwood
c. Bark
d. Ray cells
e. Living wood
18. Secondary phloem in the root develops from the ______.
a. Protoderm
b. Endoderm
c. Procambium
d. Ground tissue
e. Vascular cambium
19. The vascular cambium of a stem does not produce ____.
a. Cork
b. Wood
c. Secondary phloem
d. Secondary xylem
e. Secondary growth
20. In what order would you pass through tissues when moving from the pith to the
epidermis in a plant possessing secondary vascular tissue?
a. primary phloem, primary xylem, secondary phloem, secondary xylem
b. primary xylem, secondary xylem, vascular cambium, secondary phloem,
primary phloem
c. primary phloem, secondary phloem, secondary xylem, primary xylem
d. secondary xylem, primary xylem, primary phloem, secondary phloem
e. secondary phloem, primary phloem, primary xylem, secondary xylem
21. The biological process that converts radiant energy into the chemical energy of
sugars is called __________.
a. Photosynthesis
b. Respiration
c. Transpiration
d. Oxidation
e. Carbonation
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Practice Exam #3
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22. A plant does NOT obtain which of the following substances from soil?
a. Magnesium
b. Nitrogen
c. Carbon
d. Potassium
e. Phosphorus
23. Soil can easily become deficient in _____, because these ions are negatively charged
and do not stick to negatively charged clay particles.
a. Potassium
b. Calcium
c. Magnesium
d. Nitrate
e. Ammonium
24. Nitrogen fixation is _____.
a. using nitrogen to build molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids
b. converting nitrogen in the air into a form usable by plants
c. recycling nitrogen from organic matter in the soil
d. absorbing N2 from the soil
e. an unhealthy interest in nitrogen
25. The most abundant gas in our atmosphere cannot be used by plants directly in its
atmospheric form and is, therefore, captured by certain bacteria that live
symbiotically in their roots. What is this gas?
a. Hydrogen
b. Carbon dioxide
c. Nitrogen
d. Oxygen
e. Neon
26. Legumes (members of the pea family) have roots with swellings called nodules that
_____.
a. contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria
b. form fungal hyphae
c. provide a steady supply of sugar to the host plant
d. produce antibiotics that protect the plant from soil bacteria
e. increase the surface area for water uptake
27. Mycorrhizae are _____.
a. nutrients required by plants in relatively small amounts
b. plants such as mistletoe that parasitize other plants
c. medium-size soil particles
d. cells that control the evaporation of water from leaves
e. associations of roots with beneficial fungi
28. Why are C 4 plants more suited to hot climates than C3 plants?
a. They do not close their stomata in hot, dry weather.
b. Unlike C3 plants, they keep fixing carbon dioxide even when the
concentration of carbon dioxide in the leaf is low.
c. They evolved in cold weather but migrated to the tropics where they were
more suitable.
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d. They suspend photosynthesis in the heat.
e. They same cells that bind carbon dioxide perform the Calvin cycle.
29. How does carbon dioxide enter the leaf?
a. through the chloroplasts
b. through the mesophyll
c. through the thylakoids
d. through the stomata
e. through the vascular system
30. Chlorophyll molecules are in which part of the chloroplast?
a. Grana stacks
b. Stroma
c. Stomata
d. Plasma membrane
e. Golgi apparatus
31. Molecular oxygen is produced during _____.
a. Glycolysis
b. Light reactions of photosynthesis
c. the Calvin cycle
d. aerobic respiration
e. electron transport chain
32. Why is it difficult for most plants to carry out photosynthesis in very hot, dry
environments such as deserts?
a. The light is too intense and overpowers pigment molecules.
b. The closing of stomata keeps CO2 from entering and O2 from leaving the
plant.
c. They are forced to rely on photorespiration to make ATP.
d. The greenhouse effect is intensified in a desert environment.
e. CO2 builds up in the leaves, blocking carbon fixation.
33. When chloroplast pigments absorb light, _____.
a. they become reduced
b. they lose potential energy
c. their electrons become excited
d. the Calvin cycle is triggered
e. their photons become excited
34. Rubisco is _____.
a. the enzyme in C3 plants that first captures CO2 to begin the Calvin cycle
b. the enzyme responsible for splitting H2O to produce O2 in photosynthesis
c. the enzyme that forms a 4-carbon compound in CAM metabolism
d. the first stable intermediate in CAM metabolism
e. the 5-carbon sugar molecule that reacts with CO2 to begin the Calvin cycle
35. The light reactions of photosynthesis generate high-energy electrons, which end up in
____. The light reactions also produce ____ and ____.
a. ATP ... NADPH ... oxygen
b. oxygen ... sugar ... ATP
c. chlorophyll ... ATP ... NADPH
d. water ... sugar ... oxygen
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e. NADPH ... ATP ... oxygen
36. The Calvin cycle is a series of reactions that _____.
a. assemble sugar molecules by fixing carbon
b. convert light energy to chemical energy
c. produce oxygen gas
d. produce NADPH
e. all of the above
37. The reactions of the Calvin cycle are not directly dependent on light, but they usually
do not occur at night. Why?
a. It is often too cold at night for these reactions to take place.
b. Carbon dioxide concentrations decrease at night.
c. The Calvin cycle depends on products of the light reactions.
d. Plants usually open their stomata at night.
e. At night, plants cannot produce the water needed for the Calvin cycle.
38. Which one of the following is cycled in the cyclic part of light reactions?
a. Electrons
b. ATP
c. NADPH
d. DPGA
e. None of the above
39. In the Calvin cycle, CO2 is combined _____.
a. with a 2-carbon compound to form a 3-carbon compound
b. with a 5-carbon compound to form an unstable 6-carbon compound, which
decomposes into two 3-carbon compounds
c. with a 7-carbon compound to form two 4-carbon compounds
d. with a 5-carbon compound to form a stable 6-carbon compound that can be
converted directly to glucose
e. with two 2-carbon compounds to form a 5-carbon compound
40. The photosynthetic event known as the Calvin cycle occurs in the _____.
a. Thylakoid membrane
b. (inner) thylakoid space (lumen)
c. stroma
d. stomata
e. matrix
41. In alternation of generations in plants _____.
a. a sporophyte grows from a spore
b. the gametes are produced by the gametophyte through meiosis and cellular
differentiation
c. the spores are produced by the gametophyte by meiosis and cellular differentiation
d. the sporophyte is the haploid generation
e. the gametes are produced by the gametophyte through mitosis and cellular
differentiation
42. Select the INCORRECT association
a. petals ... attraction of pollinators
b. sepals ... containment of sporangia
c. stamens ... development of male gametophytes
d. carpels ... development of female gametophytes
Practice Exam #3
e. stamens ... development of filament and anther
43. Pollen is _____ and produces _____.
a. diploid ... spores
b. diploid ... sperm nuclei
c. haploid ... spores
d. haploid ... sperm nuclei
e. diploid ... a new sporophyte
44. All gametophytes are _____.
a. single-celled
b. haploid
c. diploid
d. heterosporous
e. a myth dreamed up by biology professors to confuse undergraduates
45. The male structures of angiosperms are called _____, and they produce _____.
a. stigmas ... ovules
b. ovaries ... ovules
c. anthers ... ovaries
d. anthers ... pollen
e. Panthers ... ovules
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