Download Organs and Organ Systems Tissues are arranged into organs, which

Organs and Organ Systems
Tissues are arranged into organs, which serve specific functions. The organs, are grouped into systems.
A body organ is an independent part of the body that performs a specific function.
Major Body Systems
Body System
Major Structures
Major Functions
Skeletal
System
Muscular
System
Cardiovascular
System
bones, joints, and
cartilage
muscles, fascia, and
tendons, legaments
heart, arteries, veins,
capillaries, blood
Lymphatic
System
lymph, lymphatic
vessels, lymph nodes
Immune
System
tonsils, spleen, thymus,
skin, and specialized
blood cells
nose, pharynx, trachea,
larynx, and lungs
Supports the body structures. Protects the internal
organs. Forms some blood cells and stores minerals.
Holds the body erect. Contracts to produce movement.
Moves body fluids. Forms body heart.
Blood circulates throughout the body and transports
oxygen and nutrients to cells, and carries waste
products to the kidneys where waste is removed by
filtration.
Removes and transports wastes from the fluid between
the cells. Destroys harmful substances such as pathogens
and cancer cells in the lymph nodes. Returns the filtered
lymph to the bloodstream where it becomes plasma
again.
Defends the body against pathogens and allergens.
Respiratory
System
Digestive
System
Urinary
System
Nervous
System
Special Senses
Integumentary
System
Endocrine
System
Reproductive
Systems
mouth, esophagus,
salivary glands,
stomach, small intestine,
large intestine, liver, and
pancreas
kidneys, ureters, urinary
bladder, and urethra
nerves, brain, and
spinal cord
eyes and ears
skin, sebaceous glands,
and sweat glands
adrenal glands, gonads,
pancreas, parathyroids,
pineal, pituitary, thymus,
and thyroid
Male: penis and testicles;
Female: ovaries,
uterus, and vagina
Brings oxygen into the body for transportation to the
cells. Removes carbon dioxide and some water waste
from the body. Provides gas exchange
Digests ingested food so it can be absorbed into the
bloodstream. Eliminates solid waste.
Filters blood to remove waste. Maintains the
electrolyte and fluid balance within the body.
Coordinates and controls body responses. Transmits
electrical impulses throughout the body.
Receive visual and auditory information, and transmit it
to the brain.
Protects the body against invasion by bacteria. Aids in
regulating the body temperature and water content.
Integrates all body functions.
Produces new life.
• The Circulatory System: The major organ is the heart, which
functions with the help of blood vessels. The circulatory system’s major responsibility is
blood transport of vital substances like oxygen throughout the body to the heart and
other systems’ organs, including the liver, stomach, and brain.
• The Digestive System: The major organs of this system are the
mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestine, while the
secondary organs are the liver, pancreas, salivary glands, and the gall
bladder. The digestive system’s primary role is to turn substances
coming into the body—such as through food and water—into fuel
for its cells. This process is called metabolism, and is part of the
larger, more comprehensive digestive process.
• The Endocrine System: The primary organs of this system (more
commonly called glands in the case of the endocrine system) are the
hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenal, pancreas, and
sex glands. The endocrine system is one of the body’s two
communication hubs, the other being the nervous system. In this
system, the communication is carried out through hormones, which
are chemicals that travel through the bloodstream that prompt
stimulation and inhibition of nerve impulses.
• The Integumentary System: Major organs are the skin and accessory
organs, including hair and nail follicles. The primary job of this
system is to protect the body, as well as detect changes that affect
the body using its sensory receptors.
• The Lymphatic System: The primary organs of this system are the
bone marrow and thymus, while the secondary organs are the spleen,
tonsils, adenoid, Peyer’s patches, and appendix. The lymphatic
system’s job is to protect the body against toxins and other
potentially harmful substances that can cause illness and disease.
While not an organ, one of this system’s most important components
are lymphocytes. These specialized cells detect organisms that might
be harmful to the body and then prompt an immune response to
drive them out of the body.
• The Muscular System: Three types of muscles make up this system:
the skeletal muscle, which helps the body to move; the smooth
muscle, which is associated with the internal muscles; and cardiac,
which works to help the heart to function. The movement of each of
these muscles is determined by direction they receive from different
areas of the body. Specifically, the autonomic nervous system
controls the smooth and cardiac muscles and the central nervous
system controls the central nervous system.
 The Nervous System: The primary organs of the nervous system
are the brain and spinal cord. Through the nervous system’s two
divisions, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral
nervous system (PNS), stimuli and other information is processed
into the form of reaction and activity. In addition to the endocrine
system, the nervous system is known as one of the body’s key
communication centers. This communication is done through nerve
impulses that travel through the body’s nerve fiber system.
• The Reproductive System: The role of this system is to carry out the
process of sexual reproduction, which is necessary to continue the
human species that contains genetic information that determines a
person’s physical characteristics, but also their resistance to certain
mutations also ensures the future of the species. This system is
unique because there are distinct sets of organs for females and
males. In addition, there are internal and external organs in the male
and female, with the internal organs located inside the body and
external organs located outside the body. Some examples of the
internal female reproductive system include the cervix, vagina, and
fallopian tubes; external organs include the mammary glands or
breasts. For males, internal organs include the ejaculatory ducts and
urethra; external organs include the penis and testicles.
• The Respiratory System: The primary organs are located in two
areas: the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The upper tract
contains the nose and nasal cavity (also known as the nasal passage),
the pharynx (or throat), and the larynx (or voice box). The lower
respiratory tract contains the trachea (windpipe), the bronchi, the
alveoli, and the lungs. This system’s major responsibility is to
control and regulate the breathing process, which involves moving
air into and out of the lungs.
• The Skeletal System: The main components of the skeletal system
are the body’s 206 bones, as well as the tendons, ligaments, and
joints that connect the bones to the muscles, controlling their
movement. The skeletal system is similar to the integumentary
system in that it plays a protective role. Like the skin, skeletal bones protect tissues and
organs, as well as the other important internalorgans from the body’s other systems.
• The Urinary System: This system’s primary organs are the kidneys,
ureters, bladder, and urethra. The urinary system’s primary job is to
rid the body of waste, through producing urine and other elimination
processes. In addition, this system ensures that the body’s fluid
system is balanced in terms of acidity.
Body system
organs
function
The Nervous
System
brain and spinal cord
The
Reproductive
System
there are distinct sets of
organs for females and
males. In addition, there
are internal and external
organs in the male and
female, with the internal
organs located inside the
body and external organs
located outside the body.
The upper tract contains
the nose and nasal cavity
(also known as the nasal
passage), the pharynx (or
throat), and the larynx (or
voice box).
stimuli and other information is
processed
into the form of reaction and activity.
In addition to the endocrine
system, the nervous system is known
as one of the body’s key
communication centers.
to carry out the process of sexual
reproduction, which is necessary to
continue the human species that
contains genetic information, but
also their resistance to certain
mutations also ensures the future of
the species.
The
Respiratory
System
- To control and regulate the
breathing process, which involves
moving
air into and out of the lungs.
- gas exchange
The Skeletal
System:
The Urinary
System
The lower respiratory tract
contains the trachea
(windpipe), the bronchi,
the alveoli, and the lungs.
the body’s 206 bones, the - connecting the bones to the
tendons, ligaments, and
muscles,
joints
- controlling their movement.
- protective role: skeletal bones
protect tissues and organs.
kidneys, ureters, bladder, - To excrete the body wastes,
and urethra
producing urine and other
elimination
processes.
- to balance the body’s fluid system
in terms of acidity.