Download scottish - Gryffe Music

National 5 Concepts.
Tabla - Indian drums often used to accompany the
SCOTTISH
INSTRUMENTAL
Bothy Ballad - An unaccompanied folk song,
Instruments
from north-east Scotland. It tells a story of rural or
Bassoon – the lowest member of the woodwind
Tuba - This instrument belongs to the brass family.
family, played with a double reed.
It is the largest and lowest member of the brass
farming life.
sitar.
family.
Celtic Rock – A fusion of Rock music and Celtic
folk music.
Bongo Drums - Fairly high-pitched drums,
joined in pairs and usually played with fingers and
Viola - This instrument belongs to the string family.
palms.
It is slightly bigger and lower in pitch than the violin.
Castanets – A percussion instrument. Two
STYLES
Gaelic Psalms - Psalms (hymns) which were
sung in Gaelic, unaccompanied.
wooden shells held together with string and clicked
Pibroch – Music for solo bagpipe in theme and
Classical - This term refers to music composed
together.
variation form with grace notes.
during the period 1750 to 1810 approximately. This
French Horn – A member of the brass family and
was the era of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven
Waulking Song - A Scottish song sung in Gaelic
is basically 4 metres of tubing curled around, with a
by women while they waulked (worked) woollen
bell on one end and a mouthpiece in the other. The
Symphony – A large work for orchestra usually
cloth to soften and shrink it.
valves are played with the left hand.
with four movements. In the Classical period the
movements were normally fast, slow, minuet and
Gaelic Psalm - Psalms (hymns) which were sung
Hi Hat Cymbals – These belong to the
in Gaelic, unaccompanied. The minister in the church
percussion family and are part of a drum kit. Two
leads the congregation in the singing. Heard mostly
cymbals, one of the upside down played with sticks
in the Western Isles of Scotland
or a foot pedal.
Scottish Instruments.
Oboe - This instrument belongs to the woodwind
Bodhran – an Irish hand held wooden drum
family. It uses a double reed.
played with a beater, often used in folk music.
Piccolo - A half-size flute which plays an octave
Clarsach - A small Scottish harp, used in folk
higher than the standard flute.
music.
Sitar - A plucked, stringed instrument from India.
It's basically an Indian guitar.
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trio, fast
National 5 Concepts.
Types of Voice
METHODS/EFFECTS
VOCAL
Arco - Instruction given to string players to use a
Styles
bow.
A capella - Unaccompanied choral singing
Col Legno - Instruction given to string players to
turn the bow over and bounce the wood on the
strings.
Con Sordino - Using a mute changes the sound
normally produced on an instrument.
Baritone - A male voice whose range lies between
that of bass and tenor
range lies between that of a soprano and an alto.
Aria - A solo song sung in an operatic style, in an
opera, oratorio or cantata, with orchestral
accompaniment
WORLD MUSIC
Chorus – 1; A group of singers with several people
Instruments
to each part.
Bongo Drums - Fairly high-pitched drums,
2; The music written for these singers.
Flutter Tonging - Rolling your 'r's whilst
3; The refrain between verses of a song
playing a brass or woodwind instrument.
joined in pairs and usually played with fingers and
palms, although occasionally composers write music
for them which requires sticks or beaters
Descant Glissando - Sliding from one note to another,
Mezzo Soprano - A female singer whose voice
A counter melody which accompanies
and is sung above the main melody
taking in all the notes in between where possible.
Castanets - A percussion instrument popular in
Spanish music. It consists of two shells, traditionally
Gospel - Music written with religious lyrics, often
made of wood, joined with string and clicked
Pitch Bend - Changing the pitch of a note, for
in praise or thanksgiving to God. Gospel has its
together. Castanets are often used by Flamenco
example by pushing a guitar string upwards.
origins in Afro-American culture
dancers, and sometimes they will have castanets in
each hand
Pizzicato - (Abbreviation pizz.) An instruction
Melismatic - Several notes sung to one syllable.
given to string players to pluck the strings instead of
Compare syllabic
Sitar - A plucked, stringed instrument from India.
using the bow.
It's basically an Indian guitar – easy to remember
Syllabic - Vocal music where each syllable is given
Roll - A very fast repetition of a note on a
one note only. Compare melismatic
Tabla - Indian drums often used to accompany the
percussion instrument, eg on a snare drum or
timpani.
because sitar rhymes with guitar
Strophic - A song which has the same music
sitar.
repeated for verses/choruses, therefore the music will
Reverb - An electronic effect which can give the
be heard repeating throughout the song
impression of different hall acoustics.
Styles
Indian Music - Music from India which uses
instruments such as the sitar and tabla.
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National 5 Concepts.
20th CENTURY
STRUCTURE / FORM
Atonal - Atonal music has no feeling of key, major
AB or Binary -
or minor. It is very dissonant, and it will lack a 'nice'
sections: A then B. These sections may be repeated
Cluster - A term used to describe a group of notes,
melodic lines, possibly of equal importance, which
weave independently of each other. Polyphonic is
(A) keeps returning, in between different sections – B, C
similar in meaning to contrapuntal
etc
Coda - A passage at the end of a piece of music which
Chord Progressions - Different progressions
Impressionism - A term borrowed from
using the chords built on the first, fourth, fifth and sixth
painting in which brief musical ideas merge and
notes of a major or minor scale
change to create a rather blurred, hazy and vague
style. Whole Tone scales are a feature of this type of
music.
rounds it off effectively
Contrary Motion - Two parts move in opposite
directions, eg as one part ascends the other part
Alberti Bass - Broken chords played by the left
descends
hand outlining harmonies whilst the right hand plays
the melody. Classical composers such as Haydn and
Mozart used this technique extensively in their piano
Minimalism - A development in the second half
music. The chord is played in the order: low - high -
of the 20th century based on simple rhythmic and
middle – high
Cross Rhythm -
Term used to describe the effect
of two notes being played against three (eg in piano
music it might be groups of two quavers in the right
hand and groups of triplets in the left).The term is also
melodic figures which are constantly repeated with
very slight changes each time
Polyphonic - Texture which consists of two or more
Rondo - A B A C A….. A form where the first section
which clash, played together
outline. Debussy was an important composer of this
main melody
Two-part form - music in two
melody and accompaniment. Atonal music is
a feature of some 20th-century music
Counter Melody - A melody played against the
used to describe the effect that occurs when the accents
Walking Bass - A bass line (low notes) often
in a piece of music are different from those suggested
featured
by the time signature (eg the division of 4/4 time into
in a variety of jazz styles. It goes for a walk, up and
3+3+2 quavers)
down a pattern of notes, and is often played on a
double bass.
Homophonic -
Texture where you hear melody
with accompaniment or where all the parts play a
Ground Bass - A theme in the bass which is
similar rhythm at the same time
repeated many times while the other parts are varied
Inverted Pedal -
A note which is held on or
Contrapuntal - Texture in which each of two or
repeated continuously at a high pitch. Opposite in pitch
more parts has independent melodic interest; similar in
to pedal
meaning to polyphonic
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National 5 Concepts.
Tempo, Dynamics, Rhythm
and Note groupings
Moderato - A medium tempo (speed),
approximately 108-120 beats per minute
Ritardando - The music slows down
Rubato - Translates as 'robbed time' which means the
music will speed up and slow down in order to allow
for expression, therefore there will not be a strict tempo
maintained.
Dynamics
Imperfect Cadence - A cadence consists of two
Fortissimo - Fortissimo (ff) stands for very loud
chords at the end of a phrase. In an imperfect cadence the
last chord is chord V (the dominant) creating an
volume
Pianissimo
-Very soft. Abbreviation pp
Sforzando – sfz
A note played with a forced sudden
accent.
unfinished effect. In the key of C the second chord of an
imperfect cadence would be the chord of G
Modulation - A change of key
Perfect Cadence - A cadence consists of two chords
Notes
Accidental - A sign added to a note to change the
at the end of a phrase. A perfect cadence is the dominant
to tonic chords (V-I). In the key of C major, chords G-C.
pitch.
Cadence - The end of a musical phrase.
Semitone - Half a tone, eg G to Ab on a keyboard.
From one fret to another on a guitar.
Rhythms
Compound Time Groupings - The beat is a
Chromatic - Notes which move by the interval of a
Tierce de Picardie - When a piece of music which is
dotted note which divides into three, eg 6/8 = two dotted
semitone
in a minor key has a major chord as its last chord.
Contary Motion – Two parts move in opposite
Tone - The distance between two notes, equivalent to
directions, eg as one part ascends the other part descends.
two semitones (for example, two frets on a guitar.
two notes being played against The term is also used to
Dotted Crotchet - A note that last for 1½ beats. A
Trill - Moving quickly and repeatedly between two
describe the effect that occurs when the accents in a piece
dot after a note increases its length by half of its original
notes which are a step apart. A trill is played when the
of music are different from those suggested by the time
length.
symbol tr is written above a note.
crotchet beats in a bar and each beat can be divided into
three quavers
Cross Rhythms - Term used to describe the effect of
signature (eg the division of 4/4 time into 3+3+2 quavers)
Scotch Snap – A short note followed by a long note.
As hear in a Strathspey.
Dotted Quaver - A note that lasts for ¾ of a beat. A
dot after a note increases the length of the note by half of
its original length, so without the dot this note lasts for ½
beat, adding the dot means it is ½ + ¼ = ¾ beats.
Triplets - Squeezing three notes into the space where
there are normally two.
Grace Note - A type of ornament played as a quick,
crushed note before the main note of a melody.
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Whole Tone Scale - A scale containing no
semitones but built entirely on whole tones. Debussy used
the whole-tone scale in some of his pieces which were
influenced by Impressionism.