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Botany Semester Exam Study Guide CH 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 22, 23, & 24 1. Science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because science relied on _______________ explanations.testing 2. In science a hypothesis is only useful if it can be _______________.tested 3. A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test a _______________ _______________. Single variable 4. When enough experimental data support a hypothesis, a hypothesis becomes a(n) _______________. theory 5. Biology is the study of ______________________________.the living world 6. The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable is called _______________. homeostasis 7. What is the term for land, water, and air on Earth? Biosphere 8. What is the term for a group of organisms of one type of living in the same place? population 9. In he metric system the basic unit of length is the _______________.meter 10. On the Celsius temperature scale, how many degrees are between the freezing and boiling points of water? 100 11. The basic unit of mass if SI is the _______________. gram 12. Know Lab Safety Rules! (Look in chapter one or the back of the book) 13. Be able to label and give the function of basic cell organelles! 14. _______________ is a thin flexible barrier around a cell.Cell Membrane 15. Which cell structure contains the cell’s genetic material and controls the cell’s activities?nucleus 16. Prokaryotes lack _______________.a nucleus 17. Eukaryotes usually contain a _______________ which contains _______________ material. They also have specialized _______________. Nucleus, genetic, cell organelles 18. _______________ are examples or prokaryotes. Bacteria 19. _______________ & _______________ help provide the cell with energy. Mitochondria & Chloroplasts 20. Chloroplasts (& Cell Walls) is an organelle that you would expect to find in plant cells but not in animal cells. 21. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called _______________.Osmosis 22. What is an organ? Give several examples.Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function; EX: heart, liver, skin 23. Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called _______________.autotrophs 24. Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the foods they eat are called _______________.heterotrophs 25. What are the three parts of an ATP molecule? Adenine, Ribose, Phosphate 26. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into _______________ & high energy _______________. Oxygen & Glucose (sugars) 27. Plant’s take in the sun’s energy by absorbing _______________. sunlight 28. Most plants appear green because chlorophyll does not _______________ green light.absorb 29. Which region of the spectrum is not absorbed well by chlorophyll? green 30. _______________ is released during cellular respiration.Energy 31. Cellular respiration uses one molecule of glucose to produce ______ ATP molecules.36 32. What is the correct equation for cellular respiration? Remember that the sugar is glucose… 33. One cause of muscle soreness is _______________ _______________ fermentation.Lactic Acid 34. When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible? Only during cell division 35. Know all about the Cell Cycle diagram. 36. Be able to label the structure of a chromosome. 37. List the phases of mitosis in proper sequential order. Be able to describe each phase. 38. A plant is a _______________ (unicellular/multicellular) _______________ (prokaryotes/eukaryote).multicellular/eukaryote 39. Plants use the energy of sunlight to carry out _______________.photosynthesis 40. Bryophytes need standing water to _______________.Reproduce 41. _______________ is a structure that is similar to roots.Rhizoid 42. _______________ tissue is important to ferns because it can _________________________.Xylem, it can transport water over long distances 43. List the four groups of gymnosperms. Gnetophytes, Conifers, Ginkoes, Cycads 44. Angiosperms produce seeds inside protective structures called _______________.ovaries 45. The # of seed leaves distinguishes two classes of _______________. Angiosperms 46. Flowering plants that complete a life cycle within one growing season are called _______________.Annuals 47. A seed plant is anchored in the ground by its _______________.roots 48. _______________ tissue is the only tissue that produces new plant cells. meristematic 49. Vascular tissue in plants consists of _______________ & _______________.xylem & phloem 50. Pollen grains are produced by _______________ reproductive structures.male 51. In angiosperms, reproduction takes place in _______________.flowers 52. A sticky secretion on the scales of seed cones traps ____________ __________. Pollen grains 53. In an angiosperm, pollen grains are produced in the _______________. anthers 54. The tough outer layer of a seed is called the _______________.seed coat 55. A ripened ovary that contains seeds is called a(n) _______________. Fruit 56. What type of fruit eating animals would assure the widest dispersal of a plant’s seeds? Birds, can fly long distances from where a seed originated and disperse the seed through its fecal matter/digestive tract. 57. From a diagram of seeds, be able to tell what method is most likely for the seed’s dispersal. 58. Seeds that are dispersed by animals are typically contained in ______________________________. Fleshy nutritious fruit 59. A period during which the embryo of a seed is alive but not growing in ____________.dormancy 60. The horizontal stems of a strawberry plant are called _______________.stolons 61. The regions of tissue in a plant that produces cells that later become specialized tissues are the _______________.apical meristem 62. Plants can respond to changing environmental conditions by the use of what chemicals?hormones 63. If the apical meristem of a mature plant is removed, the plant will most likely lose _______________ _______________ and grow _______________ branches.Apical Dominance; lateral 64. _______________ - the responses of plants to environmental stimuli.Tropism 65. The response of a plant to changes in the length of day or night is called _____.Photoperiodism 66. A period of decreased activity in a plant is called _______________.dormancy 67. The brilliant colors of leaves in the fall are a result of the stopping of _______________ synthesis, which makes the _______________ pigments visible.chloropyll; carotenoid 68. How does a carnivorous plant obtain nitrogen?By trapping and digesting insects; There will be approximately 70 multiple choice questions on the semester test. BRING A PENCIL…YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO USE A PEN!!