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1 NAME_______KEY___________________ PERIOD______DATE______________ Chapter 18 The Civil War PowerPoint Notes Who’s election led to seven southern states seceding? Abraham Lincoln ____South Carolina_____ was the first state to secede in __December 1860______ Confederacy Total states:___11________ 1860 – February, 1861 1. South Carolina 2. .Mississippi 3. .Florida 4. .Alabama 5. .Georgia 6. .Louisiana 7. .Texas Joined the Confederacy after Fort Sumter 8. Virginia 9. Arkansas 10. North Carolina 11. Tennessee _____West Virginia_________ broke away from Virginia in __1863___ to join the Union Union Total states:__20_____ What are border states? Slave states that stayed part of the Union 1. West Virginia West Virginia broke away from Virginia in ___1863_________ to join the Union 2. Maryland 3. Delaware 4. Kentucky 5. Missouri What was the opinion of both sides at the beginning of the war? That it was going to be a quick war 1 2 Two Sides SOUTH Feeling: they felt that they had the right to secede. The Declaration of Independence said you had the right to abolish a government that was denying you your rights + Superior military leadership and skills + fighting for their homeland + fighting a defensive war Knew the territory much better Friendly civilians - few factories to produce weapons and supplies - few railroads to move supplies and troops - Confederate constitution favored states’ rights so making it difficult for the Conf. to get things done - small population NORTH Feeling: they said it was illegal to leave the Union. They knew the Union would fall apart if it separated – the goal of the war was to save the Union + 70% of the nations railroad lines + HUGE industry, producing 90% of the nation’s manufactured goods + 3 times as many free citizens, so many more people to volunteer as aolsiers or grow food + strong navy 2 3 - Union soldiers had to conquer a large area to get the Confederacy back into to the Union - They were invading unfamiliar territory - There supply lines stretched a long ways, leaving them open to attack - weak military leadership The Leaders Jefferson Davis o . President of the Confederate States of America o Severed in _____Mexican War_________________ o Former _____Secretary of War___________________ o Respected for ____honor_____ and ___courage_________ o . did not like to turn over details of military planning so spent much time arguing with advisers Abraham Lincoln o . President of the U.S. (Union) o Did not have much experience in ____national politics___________ or ___military matters________, but proved to be a patient but ___strong_________ and a fine __war planner_____________ o . liked for his sense of humor o Gained the ___respect_________ of those around him General Robert E. Lee o What state was he from? Virginia o Lincoln offered General Robert E. Lee the position of ___Commander of the Union army_________________________ o Lee became __Commander of the Confederate Army___________________________________ STRATEGIES 3 4 Union Confederacy Sea * Navy will blockade the Confederate ports cutting off trade with Europe East * Counting on European supplies and money Capture Richmond, Virginia – the capital of the Confederacy They would fight a defensive war until the Union soldiers got tired of fighting West Capture the Mississippi River – so the South can’t use it for transport and cutting TX, LA and AR off from the rest of the Confederacy Battles Bull Run Date: July 21, 1861 Where: Virginia Outcome: Confederate Victory General Thomas Jackson received the nickname _Stonewall___________ because he ____rallied the Confederate troops in the face of the Union army_______ What did the Battle of Bull run show both the North and South? (2 things) - this would be a long and bloody fight - showed the leaders on both sides that their troops needed training Naval Action How much had the Union blockade affected the Southern ports trade? Cut trade in Southern ports by 90% What plan did the Confederacy come up with to battle the Union navy? Cover ships with iron What was the name of the Confederacy’s first ironclad ship? CSS Virginia What was the name of the Union’s first ironclad ship? USS Monitor Did the ironclad ships help the Confederacy break the Union blockade? No 4 5 What was the lasting effect of the ironclad ships? Changed naval warfare – ships were no longer made of wood Battle of Antietam Date: September 17, 1862 Where: Maryland Why did Lee want to go to Maryland? Win a battle on northern soil to lower Union morale Lee’s plan was ____found out by the Union_______ What did General McClellan do with the information? Did not act right away – waited 18 hours before responding Outcome: Union Victory Union casualties ____12,401_______________ Confederacy casualties ___10,318______________ More Americans __died on this day____ than on any other day, including ___D-Day______ and ___9/11______________ Change of Leader What happened because General McClellan failed to act on his information about Lee’s plans at Antietam? Lincoln changed leaders to Burnside Battle of Fredericksburg Date: Dec. 1862 Where: Virginia Outcome: Confederate victory What happened to the city of Fredericksburg? Reduced to charred remains Battle of Chancellorsville Date: April - May Where: Virginia Outcome: Confederate Victory 5 6 What big blow happened to the Confederate Army? Stonewall Jackson was shot by friendly fire and died War in the West Who had been leading the Union in capturing the Mississippi river? Ulysses S. Grant In ___February 1862__________ General Ulysses S. Grant had captured forts ____Henry_________ and _Donelson_________ in Tennessee Battle of Shiloh Date: April 1862 What river was it located on? Tennessee River Outcome: Union victory In ____April 1862____, Union gunboats managed to capture ___New Orleans_______ and while other boats seized __Louisiana ____________ What did this mean for the war? Union now captured both ends of the river, keeping the Confederacy from using it as a supply line Goals for the War Change What was Abraham Lincoln’s goal for the war at the start? To save the Union Why did Lincoln have to use caution with the issue of slavery? There were 4 slave states in the Union and did not want to risk losing them How had Lincoln changed his beliefs by the mid-1862s? He thought the only way to win the war was to free the slaves On ___January 1, 1863_____ Lincoln issued the __Emancipation Proclamation_ Where did Lincoln get his authority to free the slaves? (from video) War powers What did the Emancipation Proclamation state? Declared the freedom of all slaves in any state of the Confederate States of America that did not return to Union control by January 1, 1863 Although the Emancipation Proclamation did not free any slaves at the moment what was the effect of the document? Changed the goal of the war 6 7 African Americans in the Civil War The __54th Massachusetts Regiment________ Regiment was the most famous of the African American regiments. Who helped to recruit soldiers to the 54th? Frederick Douglass On __July 18, 1863_________ they led an attack on __Fort Wagner_____________, near _Charleston, SC__________ Outcome/Effects: Confederate victory but AA gained respect Women in the War Who is Clara Barton? Established an agency to obtain and distribute supplies to wounded soldiers later founded the American Red Cross The Horrors of the War New Technology The Civil War was America’s first ___modern war________ due to the new technology 1. __Cone shaped bullets________________________ Effect: Made rifles twice as accurate 2. ____Balloons____________________ Effect: Used to observe the Confederate positions 3. __Ironclad ships____________________ Effect: No longer using wooden ships 4. ___Ager’s Coffee Mill Gun_____________________ Effect: Rapid fire weapon powered by a hand crank 5. ____land mines____________________ Effect: The confederates buried shells a few inches below the ground and set to explode when stepped upon or moved The new technology meant that ___1/4________ of soldiers in most battles became ____casualties _____________ 7 8 Medical Care Little was known about what _caused disease_____, how to stop it from ___spreading____ or how to _cure it___________ What was a soldier’s chance of not surviving? 1 in 4 __3_____ out of __4__ operations were ___amputations______ What did bad sanitation lead to? Diseases such as typhoid, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and dysentery Twice as many men died of ___disease__ during the Civil War than from _____battle________________. Draft What did Congress pass in 1863? Why? Draft because the number of troops was decreasing What happened because of the new draft law? riots How did Lincoln respond to the rioting? Suspended habeas corpus habeas corpus literal meaning: bring us the body definition: the right to be charged or have a trial before being thrown in jail How did the Supreme Court rule on this issue? Ruled it unconstitutional Income Tax What did Congress pass to help pay for the war? When? Income tax 1861 Effects on the Economy South 1. The cost of the war as it escalated North 1. Greater need for food meant increased farm production 8 9 2. 2. Loss of the cotton trade 3. Demand for clothing, shoes, guns and other goods helped industries 3. Union blockade Increased farm production meant there was more need for new farm machines which led to increased in machine production War in the West What two areas of the Mississippi had the Union already captured by 1863? New Orleans and Memphis Why was Vicksburg, Mississippi necessary to gain control of the Mississippi River? Sat on high cliffs overlooking the river in the middle of the Mississippi Battle of Vicksburg Date: summer of 1863 Outcome: Union victory What did this mean for the Union? The Confederacy was now split into two parts with Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas cut off from the rest of the states Battle of Gettysburg Date: July 1 – 3 1863 Where: Pennsylvania Outcome: Union victory Why is this battle the turning point? The Confederacy would not invade the North again Lincoln gave his famous ___Gettysburg Address_________ on ____November 19, 1863________________ What happened “four score and seven years ago”? video Declaration of Independence What was Lincoln saying these men had lost their lives for? video The idea of liberty How long did Lincoln’s speech last? video 2 minutes Change in Leadership and Plan of Attack 9 10 Who did Lincoln name as commander of the Union Army in 1864? Ulysses S. Grant What was Grant’s plan for winning the war? Total war Total War: 1. Destroying ___food, equipment, railroads, anything useful to the enemy___ 2. Making no distinction between __soldiers and civilians _____________, both suffered the same 3. Choosing ___two generals____________ to lead General ____Philip Sheridan____________________ Where was his focus? Shenandoah Valley Genera l ____William Sherman_____________________ Where was his focus? Head to Atlanta, Georgia and then onto the Atlantic Ocean Sherman’s March to the Sea Sherman captured __Atlanta______ in __September 1864_____________. What did Sherman do on his “March to the Sea”? Destroyed everything useful to the Confederacy What did the victory in Atlanta mean for the Union? Helped Lincoln get reelected Surrender How long did Grant keep Lee under siege? Nine months When and where did the surrender take place? Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia – April 9, 1865 What were the terms of the surrender? 10 11 1. soldiers must turn in their rifles, but officers were allowed to keep their pistols 2. soldiers that had horses could keep them, as they needed them for farm work back home 3. all men could return to their homes without being disturbed by the U.S. authorities Outcome of the War 1. Politics The balance of power shifted from the Democrats to the Republicans 2. Nationalism The idea of seceding was dead; the power of the federal government grew 3. Slavery The war put an end to slavery in the U.S. millions of African Americans gained their freedom 11