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Ch 23 Study Guide Parent signature _____________________________ Completion Complete each sentence or statement. 1. Bacteria and fungi are known as ____________________ because they break down the remains of organisms. 2. The energy role of a grizzly bear is that of a(n) ____________________ because it cannot make its own food. 3. A diagram called a(n) ____________________ shows how much energy is available at each level of a food web. 4. The least amount of energy is available at the ____________________ level of an energy pyramid. 5. Water from a lake changes to the gas state in the process of ____________________. 6. Small, light organisms such as baby spiders can be dispersed by ____________________. 7. The soil that is frozen all year in the tundra is called ____________________. 8. An organism that can make its own food is called a ______________________________. 9. Consumers that eat both plants and animals are called ____________________________. 10. Name a herbivore. ______________________________ 11. Vultures, which feed on the bodies of dead organisms, are _________________________. 12. The first organism in a food chain is always a(n) ________________________________. 13. If a kestrel eats a mouse that eats grass, the kestrel is a(n) __________________________. 14. The many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem make up a(n) _____________________. 15. A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web is called a(n) ____________________________________. 16. In an energy pyramid, which level has the most available energy? ______________________ 17. The step in the water cycle in which water vapor becomes liquid water is ________________. 18. Name 4 types of precipitation. ______________________________________________ 19. What do producers release as a result of photosynthesis? ________________________ 20. The study of where organisms live is called __________________________________. 21. The very slow movement of the continents is called _______________________________. 22. Dandelions, horses, and other organisms that were brought by humans from one part of the world to another are examples of ___________________________________. 23. The ocean prevents the Australian kangaroo from dispersing throughout the world. The ocean is an example of which limit to dispersal? _______________________________ 24. The typical weather pattern in an area over a long period of time is called _____________________. 25. A group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms is called a(n) ________________. 26. Which land biome receives less than 25 centimeters of rain per year? __________________ 27. Which land biome is extremely cold and dry? ________________________ 28. Ponds and rivers are two types of _______________________________________. 29. Which biome is found where the fresh water of a river meets the salt water of the ocean? ___________ 30. The ocean water is completely dark throughout the __________________________. 31. The series of changes that occurs after a disturbance in an existing ecosystem is called _________________. 32. Plants growing on new island formed by the eruption of an undersea volcano are an example of ________. 33. The first species to populate an area where primary succession is taking place are called ________________________________. Short Answer 34. Which organisms shown are producers? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______ 35. Which organisms shown are consumers? _____________________________________________________________________ 36. What would happen to the other organisms if all the plants in this ecosystem died? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____ 37. Use the organisms pictured in this ecosystem to construct a food chain. ____________________________________________________________________ 38. Approximately what percentage of the energy in the plants is passed on to the animals that eat them? __________________________ 39. Why are there relatively few third-level consumers like bears in an ecosystem? ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Essay 40. Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide cycle in the environment. 41. Explain why most marine organisms live near the water surface or near the shore. 42. Briefly describe the steps in the water cycle.