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Election of 1860 Birth of the Republican Party Created in 1854 Created by abolitionist Caused Democratic Party to split into north & south factions. Whig Party splits - north join Republican Party, south joined Democratic Party. Election of 1860 4-way split Election of 1860 Democrats Split Stephen Douglas John Breckinridge Democrats could not agree on a platform (issues) for the Election of 1860 Southern Democrats – supported slavery Northern Democrats – popular sovereignty (let the people decide) Northern Democrats nominated Stephen A. Douglas Southern Democrats nominated John Breckinridge Election of 1860 The Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln Before the election, Southern states vowed to secede if Lincoln won (believed that he was threatening the South’s way of life In addition to Lincoln, Douglas, and Breckinridge running for president, a four party candidate, John Bell, was nominated from the Constitutional Union Party Election of 1860 Results The election of 1860 turned into two different races for the presidency-one in the North and one in the South Lincoln and Douglas competed for Northern votes Bell and Breckinridge competed for Southern votes The outcome showed people were tired of compromise Lincoln carried the North and Breckinridge carried the South Since the North had more people, Lincoln won Secession With the election of Abraham Lincoln in November 1860, Southern states started to secede They based their move on the argument of states’ rights What is states’ rights? Secession South Carolina was the first state to secede on December 20, 1860 Secession 6. Louisiana January 26th, 1861 4. Alabama January 11th, 1861 7. Texas February 1st, 1861 5. Georgia January 19th, 1861 2. Mississippi January 9th, 1861 3. Florida January 10th, 1861 The Texas Secession Convention In spite of Sam Houston’s opposition to secession, several Texans who favored secession called a convention. They argued that the citizens should decide whether Texas would remain with the Union or secede from it. They urged Texans to take part in electing delegates to the convention. When Governor Houston realized that the convention was going to meet with or without his backing, he called a special session of the legislature. He hoped the legislature would declare the convention illegal. Instead the legislature supported the convention and gave it the authority to act for the people. Texas Secession Convention Met on January 28, 1861, in Austin, Texas Adopted an Ordinance of Secession by a vote of 166 to 8 Called for a vote by the people, who then approved secession from the Union by a vote of 46,129 to 14,670 Formation of the Confederacy The states that withdrew from the Union took steps to form a new nation, at a convention in Montgomery, Alabama, on February 8, 1861. The new nation was called the Confederate States of America. The convention drew up a constitution that was similar to the Constitution of the United States, but important differences existed. Differences between the Constitutions of the Confederate States of America and of the United States of America o The states were given more power than the federal government in the Confederacy. o The Confederate federal government was given less power than the states. o Slavery was protected in the Confederacy. Officers of the Confederacy President: Jefferson Davis from Mississippi Vice President: Alexander H. Stephens from Georgia Post Master General: John H. Reagan from Texas Sam Houston Because Sam Houston refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy, the Texas Secession Convention ruled he could no longer be governor of Texas and declared the office vacant. After Houston declined President Lincoln’s offer to send federal troops to Texas to keep him in office, he retired and returned home to Huntsville. Lincoln Takes Office Upon taking office, Lincoln promises not to abolish slavery He did speak forcefully against secession, saying the union was perpetual, or continuing forever Lincoln promised no invasion of the South, but it would not abandon federal property there Forts would need to be resupplied What will happen next? First Shots at Fort Sumter Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina was commanded by a Union sympathizer Lincoln informed South Carolina that he would be sending supply ships to the fort Confederate leaders attacked the fort before the ships got there First shots were fired at 4:30 a.m. on April 12, 1861 The Confederates bombarded the fort for 34 hours, and it surrendered. The war had begun.