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MUSIC A cappella ........................................Italian for “singing without musical accompaniment” Accordion..........................................Keyboard instrument with bellows that is linked with the polka Allegro .............................................Italian word meaning “lively and fast” Andante............................................Italian word meaning “at a moderate speed” Aria ..................................................Long solo vocal piece with instrumental accompaniment in an opera or oratorio Bach, Johann Sebastian..................18th-century German composer and organist known for religious compositions such as the St. John Passion and the Mass in B Minor and for his 6 Brandenburg Concertos Bagpipe...........................................Shrill-toned musical instrument typically associated with Scotland Ballad ..............................................Simple song or poem that tells a story Ballerina ..........................................Female ballet dancer Ballet...............................................Classic dancing performed to music and presenting an idea or story, usually with costumes and scenery Beethoven, Ludwig van...................18th-19th-century German composer afflicted with deafness late in life and known for his 9 symphonies Bernstein, Leonard..........................20th-century American composer, conductor, and pianist known for his West Side Story Blues...............................................Form of jazz with slow tempo and melancholy words that developed from black folk music, especially work songs and spirituals Brahms, Johannes ........................19th-century German composer known for his 4 symphonies, his German Requiem, and his lieder, or songs Brass...............................................Family of musical instruments made of coiled metal and usually having a mouthpiece, such as a trumpet, tuba, or trombone Calliope ..........................................Keyboard instrument consisting of steam-blown whistles Calypso ...........................................Music sung by natives of Trinidad and consisting of satirical ballads with syncopated rhythms Cancan (Can Can) ..........................Popular 19th-century French dance often performed in music halls Carnegie Hall...................................New York City concert hall on 57th Street and 7th Avenue Carol ...............................................Song of praise or joy for any religious festival, especially Christmas Cello*...............................................Instrument of the violin family that is held between the knees in an upright position Chamber music...............................Music performed in a private room or small auditorium by a small group of musicians Chopsticks ......................................Simple, choppy traditional melody, usually played on a piano with one finger of each hand Choreography .................................Art of composing dance steps for ballet and stage dancing Clarinet............................................Single-reed woodwind instrument that is most commonly pitched in B flat Clef..................................................Treble or bass symbol at the start of a line of music Coda................................................Italian word for “tail” designating a passage added to the end of a piece of music Concerto .........................................Italian word, literally meaning “concert,” that designates a piece of music to be played by one or more solo instruments and an orchestra, usually in 3 movements Conductor .......................................Director of an orchestra Copland, Aaron ...............................20th-century American composer known for Appalachian Spring and Fanfare for the Common Man Corps de ballet................................French term for a ballet troupe Crescendo.......................................Italian word for “increasing in volume” Cymbals..........................................Percussion instrument that consists of a pair of thin metal plates having handles for clashing them together Danseur ..........................................Male ballet dancer Debussy, Claude ............................19th-20th century French composer known for The Sea Decrescendo (diminuendo).............Italian word for “decreasing in volume” Ellington, “Duke”.............................20th-century black composer, pianist, and orchestral leader important in jazz history and having the given name Edward Kennedy—some of his important works are “Mood Indigo” and Black, Brown, and Beige Entrechat.........................................French term for a leap in ballet in which a dancer crosses his/her legs more than once Etude...............................................French word for a short musical composition Fife ..................................................Small high-pitched woodwind instrument played with drums in military units Flute ................................................Woodwind instrument popular in bands and orchestras whose name completes Mozart’s opera The Magic __________ Folk song ........................................Song composed by regional people and handed down from one generation to another Forte................................................Italian word for “loud” Fortissimo.......................................Italian word for “very loud” French horn ....................................Brass musical instrument that is a coiled metal tube ending in a flared bell Fugue..............................................Latin word for “flight” that designates a composition that explores variations of one main musical idea Gershwin, George ...........................20th-century American composer of Rhapsody in Blue, a work combining jazz and classical music Glee Club ........................................Name commonly given to a school music club Gospel Music ..................................American religious music rooted in field and work songs Handel, George Frideric ..................18th-century German-born composer famous for his Water Music, Fireworks Music, and his Messiah Harmonica ......................................Small instrument commonly called the “mouth organ” Harmony .........................................Pleasing sound resulting from a combination of sounds Harp................................................Instrument that includes a resonator, a neck, and strings Haydn, Joseph ................................18th-19th century Austrian composer known as the “Father of the Symphony” and for his “London Symphonies” Hymn ..............................................Song in praise of God Jazz.................................................Form of music invented by black musicians in New Orleans Jeté .................................................French term for a jump in ballet from one foot to the other with an outward kick of the leg Joplin, Scott....................................19th-20th century American “King of the Ragtime Composers” known for his “Maple Leaf Rag” Kazoo..............................................Tubal instrument that produces sound when one hums into the mouthpiece Lyrics ..............................................Words of a song as distinguished from the music Measure..........................................Notes that lie between 2 vertical bars on a staff—bar means the same thing Maestro...........................................Italian word for an eminent teacher or conductor of music Melody............................................Tune or theme in music Meter ..............................................Regular pattern of beats in successive measures of music Metronome .....................................Mechanical device for fixing the speed at which a piece of music is to be played by marking time at a steady beat Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus............18th-century Austrian composer famous for his opera The Marriage of Figaro Musical** .......................................Theatrical or film production that includes song and dance along with dialogue developing a story line National anthem..............................Country’s official song Octave.............................................Interval of 8 notes up or down the musical scale Opera ..............................................Play set to music in which the characters sing, rather than speak, all or most of their lines Orchestra ........................................Word designating both the expensive front section of seats nearest the stage in a theater and the musicians who sit and play in front of this space Organ..............................................Keyboard instrument with pipes and pedals that has the ability to sound like a whole orchestra Overture ..........................................Instrumental composition that introduces a longer musical work, especially an opera or an oratorio Pas de deux ....................................French term for a ballet dance for 2 performers Percussion ......................................Family of musical instruments that are played by striking them, such as drums and xylophones Piano***...........................................Keyboard instrument that derives its name from a shortened form of the Italian words for “soft and loud” Piccolo ............................................Smallest and highest pitched woodwind instrument, which is known in Italian as the “little flute” Pirouette .........................................French word for whirling around on one foot in ballet Pitch................................................French word for a range or the high or low level of a musical note Plié..................................................French term for a bend of the knees in ballet Prokofiev, Sergei.............................20th-century Russian composer known for Peter and the Wolf Ragtime ..........................................Rhythmic American music popularized by composers Tom Turpin and James Scott about 1895, prior to the introduction of jazz Rest ................................................Silent pause for a certain length of time Rhythm ...........................................Regular pattern of stressed and unstressed notes in a piece of music Rock ‘n’ roll ....................................Form of popular music that grew out of rhythm and blues Round .............................................Short song begun at different times by different voices Saxophone......................................Wind instrument called “the soul of jazz” with a metal body and keys for the fingers Scale ...............................................Series of musical notes arranged in their sequential ascending, or descending, order Sousa, John Philip..........................19th-20th century American musician, known as the “March King,” composer of “The Stars and Stripes Forever” Spiritual ..........................................Religious folk song of African-American origin Staff ................................................Set of 5 horizontal parallel lines on which music is written— also called a stave Strauss Jr., Johann.........................19th-century Austrian composer who wrote nearly 400 waltzes and became known as the “Waltz King” Strings ............................................Family of musical instruments that use strings to produce sound, such as violins and harps Symphony.......................................Long piece of music usually with 4 parts written for a full orchestra Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich...................19th-century Russian composer known for 3 ballets and the 1812 Overture Tempo.............................................Speed or pace at which a musical work is sung or played Triangle ...........................................Musical instrument and geometric figure sharing the same name Trumpet ..........................................Highest pitched member of the brass family Tuba ................................................Brass instrument known for its “oom-pahs” Tutu..................................................Female dancer’s short skirt Ukulele ............................................Guitarlike musical instrument introduced into the Hawaiian islands in the late 19th century Violin...............................................Musical instrument named from an Italian word meaning “small viola” Wagner, Richard .............................19th-century German composer known for his 4 operas that make up the “Nibelungen Ring Cycle” or Ring of the Nibelungs (Der Ring des Nibelungen) Webber, Andrew Lloyd....................20th-century British composer and producer known for the musical The Phantom of the Opera Williams, John .................................20th-century composer of the music for the films E.T. and Star Wars Woodwinds......................................Family of musical instruments in which sound is usually produced by the vibration of reeds, as in the flute and clarinet Xylophone.......................................Musical percussion instrument consisting of a mounted row of wooden bars to be struck with 2 small mallets *or violoncello**also called a musical comedy ***from pianoforte