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Chapter 13 Study Guide European Society in the Age of the Renaissance Define the following key concepts and terms. Write EACH term on a separate 3X5 index card. Oligarchy Signori Communes Popolo Reconquista Humanism Secularism Individualism Spanish conversos Hermandades Justices of the Peace New Christians The Office of the Night Italian Renaissance Northern Renaissance International style Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms. English Royal Council Court of the Star Chamber Conquest of Granada Habsburg-Valois Wars Pico della Minrandolla Desiderius Erasmus Jan van Eyck Thomas More Donatello Baldassare Castiglione Niccoló Machiavelli Johan Gutenberg Lorenzo Valla François Rebalais Concordat of Bologna Explain the importance of the following books and list its author On Pleasure The Prince Decameron Utopia Gargantua and Pantagruel The Courtier Explain why each of the following is considered a new monarch. Louis XI of France Henry VII of England Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain Charles VII of France Make notes that refer to/answer the following comments Understand the following: Which communes won independence from the nobles in the 12th century Which Italian powers dominated the peninsula Where the first manifestations of the Renaissance began What became the aristocrat’s greatest expense What the official attitude towards rape indicates The concept of Italian Balance of Power Why Italy was subjugated by outsiders Who predicted the French invasion of Italy What was the most important factor contributing to the beginning of the Italian Renaissance The relationship between the Church and the Renaissance Why women are inferior, according to Laura Cereta Why the rich sponsored artists What Machiavelli used as a measure of a “good” government The consequences of “movable type” What humanists argued were good gender relations How the Renaissance affected women The northern humanists beliefs about human nature Who Thomas More blamed for society’s problems Erasmus’ key to reform Which social group opposed the New Monarchs Which states dominated the slave trade How the Tudors won support of the middle class What factors enhanced Royal authority in Spain Chapter 14 Study Guide Reform and Renewal in the Christian Church Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms. John Knox Ulrich Zwingli John Tetzel Martin Luther John Calvin Predestination The Elect Transubstantiation/consubstantiation Henry VIII Charles V Mary Tudor Pope Alexander VI Council of Trent Tridentine Decrees Tametsi Counter-Reformation Act of Restrain and Appeals Pluralism Simony Benefices Peace of Augsburg Ninety-five Theses Indulgences Brethren of the Common Life The Twelve Articles Diet of Worms Genevan Consistory Michael Servetus Pilgrimage of Grace The Ursuline Order Society of Jesus (Jesuits) Index Explain the importance of the following books and list its author The Imitation of Christ Appeal to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation The Institutes of the Christian Religion Define the basic beliefs of the following Christian religions and churches Roman Catholicism Lutheranism Calvinism Anabaptism Church of England (Anglicanism) Presbyterian Church of Scotland Use the comments below to guide you through the material in this chapter. Understand the following: What were the criticisms of the Catholic Church Why Luther wrote the Ninety-five Theses Who was Luther’s father What Luther believed the church consisted of Who Luther’s claims of Roman abuse of Germany appealed to The role of women, according to Luther How Catholics and Protestant’s view the Reformation Luther’s view towards sex The political and social effects of the Reformation in Germany What the Anabaptists were in favor of Why the English monasteries were dissolved The state of the Catholic in England at the time of the Reformation Why England had a reformation The issue in which Luther and Zwingli disagreed What was the goal of the Catholic Reformation Elizabeth I’s religious policy The origin of the Quakers Why France supported the Protestant princes in Germany The goal of religious orders that were established in the 16th century Chapter 15 Study Guide The Age of European Expansion and Religious Wars Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms. Mercantilism Inflation Skepticism Baroque Politiques Elizabeth I Huguenots Philip II Prince Henry the Navigator Michel de Montaigne Christopher Columbus Bartholomew Diaz Hernan Cortez Thirty Years’ War Spanish Armada Peace of Westphalia St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre War of the Three Henry’s Defenestration of Prague Dutch East India Company Habsburg-Valois War Battle of the White Mountain Shakespeare Use the comments below to guide you through the material in this chapter. Understand the following: Why European countries could not expand eastward New technologies that helped Europeans to expand How Europeans obtained African slaves Who controlled the spice trade in the Indian Ocean before the Portuguese What was the main factor that determined where Spain would explore Which country led the continent in exploration Which city and country was considered the financial center of Europe during the mid-16th century What was the primary motive for European explorers Which group of people benefited the most from increased prices How did French monarchs pay for the Habsburg-Valois War How were the wars of the 16th and 17th century different from the wars of previous centuries What was the primary causes of the revolt in the Netherlands What were the factors that forced Elizabeth I to intervene in the Netherlands Why did France support the Protestants in the 30 Years’ War What happened to the peasant class in Germany after the 30 Years’ War Who “won” the 30 Years’ War Increased slavery in the Americas was the result of the increased production of which crop Chapter 16 Study Guide Absolutism and Constitutionalism in Western Europe Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms. Sovereign Devine Right Absolutism Constitutionalism French Classicism Commonwealth Intendants Sully Fronde Cardinal Richelieu Louis XIV Versailles Molière Poussin Peace of Utrecht Puritans Oliver Cromwell Navigation Acts James II of England English Bill of Rights Thomas Hobbes John Locke Explain what the following events were and why they were important Revocation of the Edict of Nantes War of Spanish Succession Glorious Revolution English Civil War Use the comments below to guide you through the material in this chapter. Understand the following: The weaknesses of the French financial system The outcomes of the Peace of Utrecht The organization of power in the Dutch republic The cause of the War of Spanish Succession Why Spain declined in the 17th century The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu’s domestic policies What caused the decline of the Dutch economy Mercantilist theory What sparked the Glorious Revolution Colbert’s contributions to the economy of France Who gained the most from the War of Spanish Succession The relationship between Calvinist values and business Foreign policy under Richelieu Oliver Cromwell’s Protectorate Chapter 17 Study Guide Absolutism in Eastern Europe to 1740 Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms. Baroque Prussian Junkers Boyar Hohenzollern Romanov Pragmatic Sanction Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent Frederick the Great Ivan the Terrible Frederick William I Peter the Great Great Northern War Explain what the following events were and why they were important Building of the Winter Palace of St. Petersburg War of Austrian Succession Times of Troubles Battle of Poltova Use the comments below to guide you through the material in this chapter. Understand the following: What was the most striking feature of the social structure in Eastern Europe The result of the Bohemian revolt of 1618 The Thirty Years’ War directly led to the development of absolutism in what empire Tactics used by Peter the Great to modernize Russia The role of private property in the Ottoman Empire The legacy of Frederick William I Why the rulers of Moscow became the monarchs of Russia The best way to characterize the rule of Peter the Great Peter’s tax on “souls” What baroque palaces were modeled after Chapter 18 Study Guide Toward a New World View Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms. -Conversation on the Plurality of Worlds -The Spirit of Laws -Essay Concerning Human Understanding -Encyclopedia -The Social Contract Use the comments below to guide you through the material in this chapter. Empirical method (Empiricism) Deductive reasoning Inductive reasoning Rationalism Tabula rasa Enlightenment Enlightened absolutism Philosophes Diderot Kepler Galileo Bacon Descartes Fontenelle Newton Montesquieu Baile Voltaire Copernicus Brahe Madame du Chatelet Madame Geoffrin Catherine the Great Frederick the Great Maria Theresa Joseph II Louis XV Salons Pugachev Literature Explain the new ideas of each of the following books. What were some of the consequences of these ideas? -On the Revolution of heavenly Spheres -Two New Sciences -Principia Understand the following: What kind of books were illegally traded in France The greatest triumph of Catherine the Great The greatest achievement of Galileo The factors that contributed to the destruction of French absolutism The accomplishments of Fredrick the Great The Aristotelian view of the Universe The causes of the Scientific Revolution The political consequences of the Enlightenment What was the most important and original idea of the Enlightenment Why the Enlightenment reached its height in France Voltaire’s political views Rousseau’s concept of “General Will” Chapter 21 Study Guide The Revolution in Politics, 17751815 Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms. Liberalism Liberty Equality Checks and Balances Natural Rights Republic Tithe Popular Sovereignty Stamp Act Battle of Trafalgar Jacobins Girondists Mountain Reign of Terror National Assembly Bastille Sans-Coulottes Lord Nelson Mary Wollstonecraft Marie Antoinette Louis XVI Edmund Burke Thomas Paine Maximilian Robespierre Thomas Jefferson Abbé Sieyés Declaration of Pillnitz Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleonic Code The Directory Federalists and Anti-Federalists Great Fear September Massacres Continental System Literature Explain the new ideas of each of the following works. What were some of the consequences of these ideas? -Common Sense -The Rights of Man -The Rights of Woman -A Vindication of the Rights of Woman -Declaration of Independence -Declaration of the Rights of Man -Reflections on the Revolution in France Use the comments below to guide you through the material in this chapter. Understand the following: Which group of people met in 1787 to discuss possible tax reforms? What was the Committee of Public Safety and who was its leader? What happened during the 100 Days? What factors of the American Revolution influenced the French Revolution? Why was there so much anger over the Stamp Act? What kind of government was formed by Louis XVIII in 1814? What did Abbé Sieyés consider the Third Estate? In the 1780’s where did most of France budget go? What was the legal definition of the Third Estate? Who was elected by the Third Estate as Representatives to the Estates General? Who did liberalism appeal to? What the Declaration of the Rights of Man guaranteed The accomplishments of the National Assembly Why the Mountain and Girondin struggled so much The result of French policies in areas conquered by the French What was the legacy of Napoleon’s Grand Empire Chapter 22 Study Guide The Revolution in Energy and Industry Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms. Industrial Revolution Protective tariff Chartist Movement Energy crisis Real wages Sexual division of labor Separate spheres Thomas Malthus David Ricardo Andrew Ure Crystal Palace Power Loom Spinning jenny Zollverein Factory Act of 1833 Crédit Mobilier Combination acts Henry Cort James Hargreaves Robert Owen James Watt Freidrich List George Stephenson Grand National Consolidated Trades Union Friedrich Engels Unions Amalgamated Society of Engineers William Cockerill Fritz Harcourt Use the comments below to guide you through the material in this chapter. Understand the following: The advantages Continental Countries had over the British Why early factories hired family units What led to the growth of the textile industry The consequences of the growth of the textile industry The biggest obstacle to the growth of British Industry What the earliest steam engines were used for Problems continental countries had in competing with Great Britain Where early factories recruited workers What Watt needed to make his steam engine a practical success What was the economic result of the railroad Who built the European Railroads Why the Continental Countries did not realize strong industrialization until after 1815 Moving into the 19th century, what did economic success for an individual depend on What was the biggest change for workers shifting to work in factories from the cottage industry When conditions for the working class began to improve in Britain Chapter 23 Study Guide Ideologies and Upheavals, 1815-1850 Define the following key concepts and terms. Balance of Power Romanticism Conservatism Dual revolution Liberalism Nationalism Laissez-faire Iron Law of Wages Utopian Socialism Battle of Peterloo Marxian Socialism Classicism Republicanism Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms. Klemens von Metternich Henri de Saint-Simon Charles Fourier Pierre Joseph Proudhon Quadruple Alliance Napoleon’s 100 Days Corn Law Ten Hours Act (Britain) National workshops Adam Smith Frankfurt Assembly Schleswig-Holstein question Jules Michelete Johann Herder Frederick William IV Alexander Ypsilanti Chartists Thomas Malthus Karl Marx Georg Hegel Louis Philippe Communist Manifesto Explain what ideas the following romantic figures attempted to convey to their audiences. William Wordsworth Walter Scott George Sand Victor Hugo Eugene Delacroix Use the comments below to guide you through the material in this chapter. Understand the following: the provisions of the Vienna Peace Conference. why empires feared liberal ideas. the purpose of the Carlsbad Decrees. why Metternich opposed the spread of Nationalism. why the Revolution of 1830 began and why it was successful. the relationship between industrialization and nationalism. how the Greeks won their independence from the Ottoman Empire. the ideas of the French Utopian Socialists. the beliefs of Karl Marx and his criticisms of Capitalism and the Utopian Socialists. what Romanics believed in and what they rejected. the reasons for the Corn Laws and the effects of its repeal. the causes of the Revolution of 1848 in Paris. the steps involved in the Austrian Revolution of 1848 and how it was put down by the Habsburgs. what the purpose of the National Assembly of Frankfort was and describe those that attended. the geopolitical factors that affected the German Confederation. Chapter 24 Study Guide Life in the Emerging Urban Society Define the following key concepts and terms. Antiseptic principle Darwin’s theory of biological evolution Labor aristocracy Realist movement Miasmatic theory Middle-class morality Comte’s positivism Explain how each of the following people contributed to the improvement of nineteenth-century life. Edwin Chadwick Louis Pasteur Robert Koch Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Charles Darwin Sigmund Freud Emile Zola Auguste Comte Joseph Lister Baron Haussmann Gustave Droz Explain income distribution and change in population growth in the new urban society by studying Figures 24.2 and 24.4 in the text. What important characteristics of nineteenth-century society do the reveal with regard to: Income distribution Birthrates Use the comments below to guide you through the material in this chapter. Understand the following: Which areas of Europe were most urbanized. The role improved economic conditions played for women. The realism movement, its participants and their works. Working class leisure activities. The beliefs of the middle class. The reasons for the decline in working class church attendance. The reasons for Napoleon III’s rebuilding of Paris. The evolution of the upper-middle class. The white-collar workers & how they viewed themselves. The causes of the poor condition of early industrial cities. Why illegitimacy rates declined after 1850. The separation of men and women. Why the size of families declined. Why working class children were under less parental control than middle class children. Freud’s theory of the unconscious. Chapter 25 Study Guide The Age of Nationalism, 1850 - 1914 Define the following key concepts and terms. Russian serfdom Zemstvo Thirteenth Amendment (US) Nationalism Authoritarian nationalism Zollverein Bismarck’s “Blood and Iron” North German Confederation Russian Revolution of 1905 Russian Duma German Social Democratic Party British Thrid Reform Bill of 1884 Identify and explain the significance of the following people Otto von Bismarck Benjamin Disraeli Louis Napoleon Bonaparte Emmeline Pankhurst Jules Ferry Sergei Witte Alexander II Camillo Benso di Cavour Edward Bernstein Alfred Dreyfus William Gladstone Giuseppe Garibaldi John Stuart Mill Explain what the following events were, who participated in them, and why they are important People’s Budget (Britain) Napoleon III’s coup d’état Assassination of Tsar Alexander I Establishment of the Zollverein (1834) Establishment of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy Bismarck’s Kulturkampf Use the comments below to guide you through the material in this chapter. Understand the following: The introduction of social welfare legislation The characteristics of Napoleon III’s economic policies The causes and importance of the Great Reforms in Russia The beliefs of Karl Lueger The steps involved in German unification The reasons for the popularity of Louis Napoleon Why Napoleon III program was successful The steps involved in Italian unification Why Sardinia-Piedmont became the leader of the Italian Unification How Cavour forced Austria to give up its Italian territory The different regions of Prussia What saved the U.S economy in the 19th century The features of Bismarck’s constitution The outcomes of the FrancoPrussian War The biggest obstacle to nation building in the U.S. The problems caused by the Mexican War of 1848 The consequences of the U.S. Civil War The inspiration for Sergei Witte’s industrialization The motivation for Bismarck’s social reforms Why the German Socialist Democrats gained the majority in the Reichstag in 1912 The results of the Dreyfus Affair The accomplishments of the British Liberal Party Chapter 26 Study Guide The West and the World Define the following key concepts and terms. “New Imperialism” Social Darwinism “The White Man’s Burden” Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms Pale of (Jewish) Settlement Suez Canal Omdurman British opium trade Leopold II Mathew Perry Boers John Hobson Heinrich von Treitchke Explain what the following events were, who participated in them, and why they are important Berlin Conference of 1884 – 1885 Fashoda Crisis 1898 Great Trek of the Boers Treaty of Nanking 1842 Meiji Restoration of 1867 Sino-Japanese War 1894 - 1895 Use the comments below to guide you through the material in this chapter. Understand the following: How imperialism differed during the period of 1880 – 1914 Which societies responded favorably to Western Imperialism The characteristics of the typical European immigrant The results of the Sino-Japanese War Why Jews were the least likely to return to their native lands New U.S. acquisitions after the Spanish-American War The results of the Berlin Conference 1884 – 1885 The cause and the results of the Boxer Rebellion The reasons for European migration The causes of the Sino-British War Bismarck’s views regarding imperialism The arguments of Heinrich von Treitschke What is meant by effective occupation J.A. Hobson’s view about imperialism Why Japan began to trade with Western nations The features of the Meiji Restoration Demographics regarding world trade by 1913 The results of the battle of Omdurman Where European emigrants came from (1851 – 1960) Chapter 27 Study Guide The Great Break: War and Revolution Define the following key concepts and terms. Congress of Berlin, 1878 Schlieffen Plan “Total War” Totalitarian Western front Bolsheviks “National Self-determination” War reparations Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms First Balkan War, 1912 Reinsurance Treaty Anglo-French Entente of 1904 Lusitania Admiral Tirpitz German Auxiliary Service Law of 1916 David Lloyd George Rasputin Georges Clemenceau Duma Walter Rathenau 3 Emperor’s League Allied Powers Central Powers Explain what role each of the following played in the Russian Revolution. Tsar Nicholas II Petrograd Soviet Leon Trotsky Alexander Kerensky Vladimir Lenin Army Order No. 1 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Describe each of the following battles and give its significance. Tannenberg Masurian Lakes Marne Somme Verdun Use the comments below to guide you through the material in this chapter. Understand the following: Tsar Nicholas I’s “fatal decision” The cause of growing tension between Great Britain and Germany The spark that ignited the Balkan “powder keg” The immediate cause of U.S. entry into the war The result of Petrograd Soviet’s Army Order No. 1 The effect of WWI on European women. The policy of “splendid isolation” Lenin’s contribution to Marxist theory The purpose of Bismarck’s alliance system Who controlled the Balkans during the war What the results of “total war” were Why Austria-Hungary chose war in 1914 What were the social impacts of “total war” Who did the African colonial subjects generally support The description of war on the Western Front Clemenceau’s demands at the Paris Peace Conference The makeup of the Middle East at the Paris Peace Conference The harshest clause of the Treaty of Versailles Lloyd George’s promise in 1918 Why social distinctions were suppressed during the war The revolution in Austria-Hungary The result of Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Why the U.S. rejected the Treaty of Versailles The provisions of the Treaty of Versailles Chapter 28 Study Guide The Age of Anxiety Define the following key concepts and terms. Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms Nietzsche’s idea that “God is dead” Little Entente of 1921 Ruhr crisis of 1923 Locarno meetings of 1925 Munich “Beer Hall” revolution of 1923 Principal of uncertainty French Popular Front National Recovery Administration Agricultural Adjustment Act Works Progress Administration BBC Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 Adolf Hitler Hyperinflation “Birth of a Nation” Ulysses Explain who the following people were and how their work contributed to and reflected the uncertainty and anxiety in modern thought. Friedrich Nietzsche Georges Sorel Ludwig Wittgenstein Jean-Paul Sartre Max Planck Albert Einstein Marcel Proust George Orwell Oswald Spengler Karl Barth Arnold Schoenberg Soren Kierkegaard Define the following philosophic and artistic schools and movements by describing their basic aims and characteristics and naming some participants and works. Logical empiricism Modern existentialism Functionalism in architecture Expressionism Cubism Dadaism Surrealism Atonality Use the comments below to guide you through the material in this chapter. Understand the following: Statistics regarding union membership in the U.S. The U.S.’ plan to resolve the financial problems in Germany Who dominated the German parliament in the mid-1920’s The role industrialism played in France regarding the Great Depression Unemployment in the U.S. during the Great Depression Why Britain treated Germany “easy” after Versailles. The artistic styles of the Age of Anxiety British political parties in the 1920’s The Bauhaus movement “Stream of Consciousness” in literature Challenges of rational thought in philosophy The beliefs of Nietzsche How Einstein destroyed Newton’s universe What the BBC was a representation of Who France turned to for support after Russia How France dealt with the U.S. failure to ratify the Treaty of Versailles The result of Germany’s failure to make its second reparation payment The explanations for world depression, 1929-1933 The support for Hitler’s National Socialist Party in the 1920’s Buying stocks “on the margin” Why the American Stock Market crashed in 1929 The Swedish response to the depression The fundamental commitment of the New Deal Why the Great Depression did not hit Britain as hard as the U.S. Why the popular Front was formed Freud’s idea of the id, ego, and superego Chapter 29 Study Guide Dictatorships and the Second World War Define the following key concepts and terms. Conservative authoritarianism Modern totalitarianism Hitler’s Final Solution “Socialism in one country” Appeasement Fascism Anti-Semitism Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms Weimar Republic National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi) Benito Mussolini Leon Trotsky General Paul Hindenburg Neville Chamberlain Kulaks Nazi Labor Front Nazi Storm Troopers (SA) Joseph Goebbels Auschwitz-Birkenau Heinrich Himmler Marshal Petain Enabling Act Self-determination Black Shirts Final Solution Lateran Agreement Karl Lueger Explain what the following events were, who participated in them, and why they were important. Stalin’s collectivization program Lenin’s New Economic Policy (1921) Mussolini’s march on Rome (1922) Hitler’s Munich plot (1923) Great Depression in Germany (19291933) Munich Conference (1938) Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact Stalin’s five-year plans (all of them) Grand Alliance Battle of Britain Battle of Stalingrad Battle of El Alamein Battle of Coral Sea Normandy Invasion Hiroshima and Nagasaki Use the comments below to guide you through the material in this chapter. Understand the following: Hitler’s fateful decision The themes of Mein Kampf The German acts of aggression What the Nazis, fascists, and Communists had in common Real wages in the Soviet Union in 1937 Why Mussolini was expelled from the Italian Socialist Party Shared characteristics of fascism The policies of the Grand Alliance Why Hitler was so popular The role of women under Stalin Daniel Goldhagen’s thesis Factor’s in the success of Stalin’s industrialization Why the Italian government was breaking down in 1922 The consequences of the Great Purges The liquidation of the kulaks Soviet workers under Stalin Why Great Britain and France finally confronted Hitler Hitler’s New Order of races How many Jews were murdered in Germany Hitler’s idea of “living space” Chapter 30 Study Guide The Recovery and Conflict, 1945-1985 Define the following key concepts and terms. Decolonization Neocolonization European Steel and Coal Community Détente Cold war Truman Doctrine De-Stalinization OPEC Managerial class “Brain drain” Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms NATO British Labour Party Warsaw Pact Organization of European Economic Cooperation Common Market (EEC) Taft-Hartley Act Franklin D. Roosevelt Josip Tito Nikita Khrushchev Simone de Beauvoir Betty Friedan Charles de Gaulle Leonid Brezhnev Explain what happened at the following wartime conferences of the Big Three and what impact each one had on the postwar world. Casablanca, 1/1943 Teheran, 11/1943 Yalta, 2/1945 Potsdam, 7/1945 Explain what the following events were, who participated in them, and why they were important. Berlin Airlift, 1948 Schuman Plan, 1950 Civil Rights Act, 1964 Partition of Palestine, 1948 Bay of Pigs invasion, 1961 Use the comments below to guide you through the material in this chapter. Understand the following: The goal of the Truman Doctrin How Erhard attempted to stimulate the economy What happened to the USSR after WWII The result of French de-colonization of sub-Saharan Africa Why conservatives ousted Khrushchev Where the Common Market was created Characteristics of the counterculture What happened in Vietnam after Nixon’s election Who’s protests nearly toppled de Gaulle’s 5th Republic Why the European social structure changed Why the middle class has grown wince WWII What % of scientists have been involved with weapons production The goal of the Czechoslovakian reform movement of 1968 How the Tet Offensive was perceived by Americans Mao Zedong’s 5000 mile march Who was defeated by Ho Chi Minh in 1954 Why Nasser provoked a military conflict with France and Britain The result of Thatcher’s renters program Ronald Reagan’s economic plan Common goals of women’s movements Willy Brandt’s policies towards the Eastern Bloc. Chapter 31 Study Guide Revolution, Rebuilding, and New Challenges: 1985-Present Define the following key concepts and terms. Re-Stalinization Perestroika Glasnost “New World Order” Globalization Third Way “Baby Bust” Identify and explain the significance of the following people and terms Gdansk Agreement Solidarity Velvet Revolution Alliance for Germany Paris Accord European Union Kosovo Liberation Army Maastricht Treaty Great Russians Vladimir Putin Lech Walesa Northern Alliance Mikhail Gorbachev Use the comments below to guide you through the material in this chapter. Understand the following: Which country responded to prodemocracy violently in 1989 Which province’s declaration of independence led to a bloody civil war in 1991 Why the Brezhnev government seemed stable Challenges the USSR faced under Brezhnev The demands of the workers at the Lenin Shipyards in Gdansk Gorbachev’s reforms Which was the first Eastern Bloc country to elect a non-communist The problems facing Europe in the 21st century Who ended up owning the businesses in post-Soviet Russia Why the communist coup of 1991 failed What intellectuals views as Europe’s mission for the 21st century Who bin Laden and the “holy warriors” hated What the Gulf War indicated to the world. When Bush began the overthrow of Saddam Hussein Who was accepted into NATO in 1997 Milosevic’s plan that led to civil war in Yugoslavia Why NATO finally became involved in Bosnia Why birthrates are decreasing Why people opposed the Maastricht Treay