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Math Notes Powers and Exponents Symbols 5 4 Words Five to the second power Five squared Makes a square Four to the third power Four cubed Makes a cube Two to the fourth power 2 An exponent tells how many times a number is multiplied by itself. A base is the number in the exponent being multiplied. (ex. 4 is the base for 4 ) 5 =5x5 4 =4x4x4 2 = 2x2x2x2 Order of Operations 1. Do any parentheses FIRST. 2. Do any exponents SECOND. 3. Do any Multiplication OR Division. 4. Do any Addition OR Subtraction. Operations Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division A variable is a letter that can stand for ANY number. (ex. n, k, w) An expression is a math problem that has numbers, variables and at least one operation. ( ex. 7+ r, 5- y, 4+ n-2) An equation is a math sentence that has an equal sign. (ex. 6+k=12, x+ 2=13, 4(x-2)=20) A property is a math rule called Equivalent expressions. 1. Distributive property- a number outside the parentheses is passed out to everything inside parentheses. 3(4+6)= 3(4)+3(6) a(b+c)= ab+ac 2. Commutative Property- Order doesn’t matter, used for addition and multiplication. 3+6=6+3 15 x 10 = 10 x 15 3. Associative property- grouping doesn’t matter, used with addition and multiplication. 6+(2+7)= (6+2) +7 2 x (4 x3)= (2 x 4) x 3 4. Identity Property- addition is zero, multiplication is 1 b +0=b 4+0=4 g x1=g 6 x 1 = 6