Download Earth/Space Science Pretest 2014-2015 Multiple Choice Identify the

Earth/Space Science Pretest 2014-2015
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. The supercontinent in the continental drift hypothesis was called ____.
a. Panthalassa
c. Mesosaurus
b. Pangaea
d. Africa
____
2. How did opponents of continental drift account for the existence of similar fossils on widely separated
continents?
a. parallel evolution
c. large ocean rafts
b. oceanic currents
d. migration across land bridges
____
3. A divergent boundary at two continental plates can result in a ____.
a. rift valley
c. continental volcanic arc
b. volcanic island arc
d. subduction zone
____
4. Typical rates of seafloor spreading are approximately ____.
a. 50 centimeters per year
c. 5 kilometers per year
b. 5 meters per year
d. 5 centimeters per year
____
5. What process is illustrated by the area labeled G in Figure 9-1?
a. seafloor spreading
c. rifting
b. continental volcanism
d. subduction
____
6. If a deep ocean trench is located adjacent to a continent, active volcanoes would likely be found ____.
a. seaward from the trench
c. at the ends of the trench
b. along the axis of the trench
d. landward from the trench
____
7. Why are subduction zones not commonly found at convergent continental-continental boundaries?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Continental lithosphere is too buoyant to be forced down into the mantle.
Subduction zones are never found at convergent boundaries.
Oceanic lithosphere is too buoyant to be forced down into the mantle.
Continental lithosphere is too dense to be forced down into the mantle.
____
8. What happens to the intensity of solar energy as latitude increases?
a. It stays the same.
c. It decreases.
b. It increases.
d. It doubles.
____
9. Which region is located between 23.5° north and south of the equator?
a. temperate zone
c. polar zone
b. tropical zone
d. desert zone
____ 10. The temperature of a body of water influences ____.
a. the temperature of the air above it
c. the formation of deserts
b. global warming
d. vegetation patterns
____ 11. Global winds move warm air toward the ____.
a. equator
c. atmosphere
b. oceans
d. poles
____ 12. What do plants release into the air during transpiration?
a. pollen
c. carbon dioxide
b. water vapor
d. complex sugars
____ 13. Which greenhouse gas is the most powerful absorber of radiation emitted by Earth?
a. carbon dioxide
c. nitrogen
b. methane
d. water vapor
____ 14. During the twentieth century, Earth’s average surface temperature ____.
a. increased
c. stayed the same
b. decreased
d. fluctuated wildly
____ 15. Which of the following is an example of human impact on climate changes?
a. the greenhouse effect
c. global warming
b. changes in solar output
d. changes in the tilt of Earth’s axis
____ 16. Which statement best explains why global warming may lead to an increase in the number and intensity of
hurricanes?
a. Sea level will rise.
b. Ocean temperatures will increase.
c. The amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will increase.
d. Droughts will decrease.
____ 17. The greatest number of thunderstorms occur in the ____.
a. middle latitudes
c. mountains
b. tropics
d. high latitudes
____ 18. A rotating column of air is called a(n) ____.
a. hurricane
b. anticyclone
c. vortex
d. cumulonimbus cloud
____ 19. Hurricanes are classified according to intensity using the ____.
a. Richter scale
c. Saffir-Simpson scale
b. Doppler scale
d. Fujita scale
____ 20. A cold, dry air mass that moves over warm, tropical waters will likely become ____.
a. colder and drier
c. colder and wetter
b. warmer and drier
d. warmer and wetter
____ 21. The boundary that separates different air masses is called a(n) ____.
a. front
c. anticyclone
b. cyclone
d. storm
____ 22. What type of front forms when the surface position of the front does not move?
a. warm
c. stationary
b. cold
d. occluded
____ 23. According to the big bang theory, the universe began about ____.
a. 4.5 billion years ago
c. 49.6 billion years ago
b. 13.7 billion years ago
d. 130 billion years ago
____ 24. Which of the following supports the big bang theory?
a. pulsars
c. galactic clusters
b. cosmic background radiation
d. irregular galaxies
____ 25. One astronomical unit (AU) averages about ____.
a. 39 million kilometers
c. 150 million kilometers
b. 93 million kilometers
d. 210 million kilometers
____ 26. A measure of the total amount of matter an object contains is called ____.
a. density
c. volume
b. mass
d. weight
____ 27. The force that gravity exerts on an object is called ____.
a. mass
c. density
b. weight
d. volume
____ 28. According to the third law of planetary motion, the period of revolution of a planet is related to the planet’s
____.
a. distance to the sun
c. gravitational attraction
b. size
d. orbital speed
____ 29. The formation of the solar system from a huge cloud of dust and gases is called the ____.
a. protoplanet theory
c. planetesimal theory
b. nebular theory
d. solar theory
____ 30. The Jovian planets contain a large percentage of the gases ____.
a. nitrogen and argon
c. oxygen and nitrogen
b. hydrogen and helium
d. hydrogen and oxygen
____ 31. Which planet shows evidence of water erosion?
a. Mars
c. Jupiter
b. Venus
d. Mercury
____ 32. Which planet has a cratered surface similar to Earth’s moon?
a. Mars
c. Mercury
b. Venus
d. Saturn
____ 33. Which of the following planets does NOT have rings?
a. Mars
c. Neptune
b. Uranus
d. Saturn
____ 34. Which part of the sun lies directly above the visible “surface” of the sun?
a. photosphere
c. corona
b. chromosphere
d. ionosphere
____ 35. The thin red rim seen around the sun during a total solar eclipse is called the ____.
a. aurora
c. corona
b. chromosphere
d. photosphere
____ 36. The sun’s surface is made up mostly of ____.
a. helium
b. ammonia
c. hydrogen
d. oxygen
____ 37. What layer of Earth is labeled C in Figure 8-2?
a. the crust
c. the mantle
b. the asthenosphere
d. the lithosphere
____ 38. What layer of Earth is labeled E in Figure 8-2?
a. the continental crust
c. the oceanic crust
b. the lithosphere
d. the mantle
____ 39. What layer of Earth is labeled B in Figure 8-2?
a. the continental crust
c. the oceanic crust
b. the lithosphere
d. the mantle
____ 40. The inner planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars—were formed by ____.
a. supernovas
b. repeated collisions of asteroid-sized debris
c. masses of cold hydrogen and helium
d. collisions with large galaxies
____ 41. According to the nebular hypothesis, our solar system formed from a huge rotating cloud made
mostly of ____.
a. carbon and hydrogen
c. oxygen and helium
b. helium and hydrogen
d. nitrogen and oxygen
____ 42. Earth’s four major spheres are the ____.
a. hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere
b. hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere
c. hydrosphere, asthenosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere
d. hydrosphere, geosphere, lithosphere, and asthenosphere
____ 43. Which of Earth’s spheres includes the oceans, groundwater, lakes, and glaciers?
a. the atmosphere
c. the biosphere
b. the hydrosphere
d. the geosphere
____ 44. The life-forms of the biosphere are located in the ____.
a. geosphere only
b. hydrosphere and atmosphere only
c. atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere
d. hydrosphere only
____ 45. What force causes most of the erosion in desert areas?
a. wind
c. running water
b. gravity
d. ice
____ 46. Why can a heavy rain shower cause a large amount of erosion in a desert area?
a. Temperatures are very high.
b. Streams overflow easily.
c. There is a lack of vegetation to hold the soil in place.
d. Desert ground cannot absorb any water.
____ 47. The action of abrasion can best be described as ____.
a. windblown sand cutting and polishing exposed rock surfaces
b. coarse sand particles rolling along the desert surface
c. sand being blown high into the air to cut and carve rock formations
d. the wind creating desert pavement
____ 48. Which ocean has the greatest average depth?
a. Atlantic
c. Indian
b. Pacific
____ 49. The largest of Earth’s oceans is the ____.
a. Pacific
b. Atlantic
d. Arctic
c. Indian
d. Arctic
____ 50. According to Figure 14-1, which of the following statements about the distribution of land and water is true?
a. The percentage of land and water is roughly equal in both the Northern and Southern
Hemispheres.
b. The Southern Hemisphere is covered by much more water than the Northern Hemisphere.
c. The Northern Hemisphere is covered by much more water than the Southern Hemisphere.
d. Earth is covered by more land than water.
____ 51. Which ocean in Figure 14-1 is represented by Point A?
a. Pacific
b. Atlantic
c. Indian
d. Arctic
____ 52. Which of the following occurs at the continental margin in the Pacific Ocean?
a. volcanic activity
c. plate interactions
b. earthquakes
d. all of the above
____ 53. Where does seafloor spreading occur?
a. at convergent plates
b. on seamounts
c. near the ocean surface
d. at divergent plates
____ 54. The energy that drives surface ocean currents comes from ____.
a. salinity variations
c. temperature differences
b. wind
d. wave action
____ 55. Which of the following can cause an increase in the density of ocean water?
a. a decrease in temperature
c. a decrease in ocean circulation
b. an increase in salinity
d. both a and b
____ 56. All of the energy that drives Earth’s rock cycle comes from ____.
a. the wind
b. Earth’s interior and the sun
c. the breakdown of organic matter
d. the movement of water over Earth’s surface
____ 57. The water cycle is the ____.
a. distribution of drinking water on Earth
b. unending circulation of Earth’s water supply
c. the recycling of water after industrial use
d. the evaporation of water from Earth’s surface
____ 58. Plants release water into the atmosphere through a process called ____.
a. evaporation
c. infiltration
b. transpiration
d. precipitation
____ 59. Balance in the water cycle means that ____.
a. the average annual precipitation over Earth equals the amount of water that evaporates
b. water that falls to Earth only enters oceans
c. the amount of water that falls to Earth weighs the same as the amount that condenses in
clouds
d. water that evaporates from Earth’s surface remains forever in the atmosphere
____ 60. The average annual precipitation worldwide must equal the quantity of water ____.
a. evaporated
c. infiltrated
b. transpired
d. locked in glaciers
Earth/Space Science Pretest 2014-2015
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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DIF: L1
REF: p. 248
9.1 Describe the hypothesis of continental drift.
STA: SC.912.E.6.3 | SC.912.E.6.1
knowledge
D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 249
9.3 Identify the main objections to Wegner’s hypothesis of continental drift.
SC.912.E.6.3 | SC.912.E.6.1
BLM: knowledge
A
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 264
9.9 Explain what happens at the three types of plate boundaries.
SC.912.E.6.3 | SC.912.E.6.1
BLM: analysis
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PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 256
9.5 Explain the processes of sea-floor spreading and subduction.
SC.912.E.6.3 | SC.912.E.6.1
BLM: knowledge
D
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 265
9.5 Explain the processes of sea-floor spreading and subduction.
SC.912.E.6.3 | SC.912.E.6.1
BLM: analysis
D
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
REF: p. 265
9.9 Explain what happens at the three types of plate boundaries.
SC.912.E.6.3 | SC.912.E.6.1
BLM: application
A
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
REF: p. 266
9.5 Explain the processes of sea-floor spreading and subduction.
SC.912.E.6.3 | SC.912.E.6.1
BLM: evaluation
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 589
21.1 Describe how latitude affects climate.
STA: SC.912.E.7.4
analysis
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 589
21.1 Describe how latitude affects climate.
STA: SC.912.E.7.4
knowledge
A
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 590
21.3 Describe how large bodies of water affect climate. STA: SC.912.E.7.4
application
D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 591
21.4 Describe how global winds affect climate.
STA: SC.912.E.7.4
knowledge
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 591
21.5 Describe how vegetation affects climate.
STA: SC.912.E.7.4
knowledge
D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 603
21.14 Define global warming.
STA: SC.912.E.7.7
knowledge
A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 602
21.14 Define global warming.
STA: SC.912.E.7.7
knowledge
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 602
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21.14 Define global warming.
STA: SC.912.E.7.7
application
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PTS: 1
DIF: L3
REF: p. 603
21.15 List some of the consequences of global warming. BLM: analysis
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 572
20.8 Explain the formation of a thunderstorm.
STA: SC.912.E.7.6
application
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 573
20.9 Describe the conditions needed for a tornado to form.
SC.912.E.7.6
BLM: knowledge
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 574
20.10 Identify the conditions that must exist for a hurricane to form.
SC.912.E.7.6
BLM: knowledge
D
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 559
20.1 Define air mass.
BLM: application
A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 564
20.5 Describe the formation of a front.
BLM: knowledge
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 566
20.5 Describe the formation of a front.
BLM: knowledge
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 720
25.11 Describe how the universe began according to the big bang theory.
SC.912.E.5.1
BLM: knowledge
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 720
25.11 Describe how the universe began according to the big bang theory.
SC.912.E.5.1
BLM: comprehension
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 618
22.3 Explain the contributions to astronomy of Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton.
SC.912.E.5.6 | SC.912.N.2.4
BLM: knowledge
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 620
22.3 Explain the contributions to astronomy of Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton.
SC.912.E.5.6 | SC.912.N.2.4
BLM: knowledge
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 620
22.3 Explain the contributions to astronomy of Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton.
SC.912.E.5.6 | SC.912.N.2.4
BLM: comprehension
A
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 618
22.3 Explain the contributions to astronomy of Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton.
SC.912.E.5.6 | SC.912.N.2.4
BLM: comprehension
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 647
23.2 Explain how the solar system formed.
STA: SC.912.E.5.5
knowledge
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 646
23.2 Explain how the solar system formed.
STA: SC.912.E.5.5
knowledge
A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 653
23.3 Describe the distinguishing characteristics of each terrestrial planet.
knowledge
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 650
23.3 Describe the distinguishing characteristics of each terrestrial planet.
knowledge
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REF: p. 651
23.3 Describe the distinguishing characteristics of each terrestrial planet.
knowledge
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PTS: 1
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REF: p. 686
24.7 Explain the structure of the sun.
STA: SC.912.E.5.4
knowledge
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PTS: 1
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REF: p. 686
24.7 Explain the structure of the sun.
STA: SC.912.E.5.4
comprehension
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DIF: L1
REF: p. 685
24.7 Explain the structure of the sun.
STA: SC.912.E.5.4
knowledge
D
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 235
8.10 List the layers of Earth based on composition and physical properties.
SC.912.E.6.1
BLM: analysis
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DIF: L2
REF: p. 234
8.10 List the layers of Earth based on composition and physical properties.
SC.912.E.6.1
BLM: analysis
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PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 235
8.10 List the layers of Earth based on composition and physical properties.
SC.912.E.6.1
BLM: analysis
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REF: p. 4
1.2 Describe the formation of Earth and the solar system.
SC.912.E.5.5
BLM: knowledge
B
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REF: p. 4
1.2 Describe the formation of Earth and the solar system.
SC.912.E.5.5
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REF: p. 7
1.3 Describe Earth’s four major spheres.
STA: SC.912.E.7.3
knowledge
B
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DIF: L2
REF: p. 8
1.3 Describe Earth’s four major spheres.
STA: SC.912.E.7.3
comprehension
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DIF: L2
REF: p. 9
1.3 Describe Earth’s four major spheres.
STA: SC.912.E.7.3
comprehension
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 202
7.5 Describe how running water affects deserts.
STA: SC.912.E.6.2
comprehension
C
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
REF: p. 201
7.5 Describe how running water affects deserts.
STA: SC.912.E.6.2
analysis
A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 204
7.7 Describe two ways that wind can cause erosion.
STA: SC.912.E.6.2
knowledge
B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 395
14.2 List Earth’s four main ocean basins and identify their locations.
SC.912.E.6.5
BLM: knowledge
A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 395
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OBJ: 14.2 List Earth’s four main ocean basins and identify their locations.
STA: SC.912.E.6.5
BLM: knowledge
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 394
OBJ: 14.1 Recognize that most of Earth’s surface is covered by water.
BLM: knowledge
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 395
OBJ: 14.2 List Earth’s four main ocean basins and identify their locations.
STA: SC.912.E.6.5
BLM: knowledge
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
REF: p. 402
OBJ: 14.6 Differentiate between the continental margins of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
STA: SC.912.E.6.5
BLM: application
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 405
OBJ: 14.7 Explain the formation of new ocean floor at deep-ocean trenches, abyssal plains, and mid-ocean
ridges.
STA: SC.912.E.6.5
BLM: comprehension
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 448
OBJ: 16.1 Explain how surface currents develop.
STA: SC.912.E.7.2
BLM: knowledge
ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 451
OBJ: 16.4 Describe the formation of density currents.
STA: SC.912.E.7.2
BLM: comprehension
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 69
OBJ: 3.4 List the forces that power Earth’s rock cycle.
STA: SC.912.E.6.3
BLM: comprehension
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 158
OBJ: 6.1 Explain how the water cycle circulates Earth’s water supply in an unending cycle.
STA: SC.912.E.7.1
BLM: knowledge
ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
REF: p. 159
OBJ: 6.1 Explain how the water cycle circulates Earth’s water supply in an unending cycle.
STA: SC.912.E.7.1
BLM: knowledge
ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: L3
REF: p. 159
OBJ: 6.2 Explain how the water cycle is kept in balance.
STA: SC.912.E.7.1
BLM: analysis
ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
REF: p. 159
OBJ: 6.2 Explain how the water cycle is kept in balance.
STA: SC.912.E.7.1
BLM: application