Download Unit 2 Workbook 0910

Cells and Systems
Science 8
Unit 2
Name:___________________
Class:________
Cells and Systems
Science 8 – Unit 2
Topic 1 – Living Organisms
Page 98
1.
List the five characteristics that scientists agree are common to living
organisms.
i)________________________________________________________________
ii)________________________________________________________________
iii)________________________________________________________________
iv)_______________________________________________________________
v)________________________________________________________________
2.
Major organs such as the heart are made from _________________.
3.
Tissues are groups of ____________ that perform similar functions.
4.
All living organisms are made up of _______________.
5.
The ____________ us the smallest thing considered to be alive.
The cells in your body may be arranged differently than those in a monkey or a
horse. Cells of different organisms are organized into different organs and tissues
that allow those organisms to thrive in their environment.
 Websites
Cells and Cell Structure
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html
Bacterial Cells
http://www.eurekascience.com/ICanDoThat/bacteria_cells.htm
Virtual Cell
http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/cell/
Mr. S. Slade
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Topic 2 – Microscopes and Cells
Page 103
1.
How did the Romans magnify objects over 2000 years ago?
____________________________________________________________
2.
Which scientist created a microscope that magnified objects 300 times, and
did so in the 1600’s?
____________________________________________________________
3.
What type of substances did Anton van Leeuwenhoek study with his
microscope?
____________________________________________________________
4.
Using microscopes, three German scientists combined their theories and
findings – the “Cell Theory” was the result. Two important points of this
theory are:
i)___________________________________________________________
ii)___________________________________________________________
5.
What type of microscopes are used in schools?
______________________________________
6.
For extremely small structures within cells, scientists use what type of very
powerful microscope?
______________________________________
Page 106
7.
In a Compound Light Microscope what is the function of
a) Coarse-adjustment knob:___________________________________________
b) Arm:___________________________________________________________
c) Ocular Lens:_____________________________________________________
d) Objective Lens:___________________________________________________
Mr. S. Slade
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8.
Do you close one eye while looking through the microscope? (Page 113)
____________________________________________________________
 Websites
Virtual Microscope – The Queensland Fruit Fly
http://www.uq.edu.au/nanoworld/fly1.html
MicroScape Virtual Microscope (very cool!)
http://www.msa.microscopy.com/MicroScape/MicroScapeHouse.html
 Science Journal – no entry for this topic.
Slade
Mr. S. Slade
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Topic 3 – The Cell and Its Structures
Page 115
1.
What is the difference between “multicellular” and “unicellular”?
____________________________________________________________
2.
Which organisms on page 115 use photosynthesis to make food?
____________________________________________________________
3.
Which organisms on page 115 obtain their food from the external
environment?
_____________________________________________________________
4.
What are “cilia” and what are they used for?
_____________________________________________________________
Page 121
5.
Briefly describe each of the following components of a cell.
a) Cell Membrane:_____________________________________________
b) Cell Wall:__________________________________________________
c) Chlorosplast:_______________________________________________
d) Cytoplasm:________________________________________________
e) Nucleus:__________________________________________________
f) Vacuole:___________________________________________________
6.
All of the above structures within a cell, are collectively known as:
______________________
7.
Using the diagrams on page 122 and 123, indicate which organelles are
common to plant cells, but not to animal cells.
___________________________________________________________
Mr. S. Slade
5
8.
Why wouldn’t an animal cell have chloroplasts?
____________________________________________________________
9.
Provide two examples of a unicellular organism.
a)____________________________________
b)____________________________________
10.
Provide two examples of a multicellular organism.
a)____________________________________
b)____________________________________
Page 126
11.
Do organisms grow larger by increasing the size of their cells or by adding
more cells?
____________________________________________________________
 Websites
What Are Organelles and What Do They Do?
http://www.sciencenet.org.uk/database/Biology/Cell_Biology/b00308c.html
Cells and Organelles
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/cells.htm
Animal Cell Organelles
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/cells.htm
Plant Cell Organelles
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/plntcell.htm
Difference Between Animal and Plant Cells
http://www.sciencenet.org.uk/database/Biology/Cell_Biology/b00309c.html
 Science Journal
Read “Did You Know” on page 122. Explain how cells generate energy needed
for survival. Use full sentences. Remember to date and title your entry.
Mr. S. Slade
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Cells and It’s Structures
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CHLOROPLASTS
ORGANELLES
Topic 4 – Fluid Movement in Cells
Page 128
1.
If a cell membrane will only allow particular items to pass through, it is said
to be:_____________________________
2.
A membrane that lets all materials pass through is said to be
________________, and a membrane that allows no materials to pass
through is said to be _____________________.
Mr. S. Slade
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3.
4.
Indicate which of the following would be permeable to water by circling your
answers.
Ziploc Baggie
Paper Towel
Cheesecloth
Tin Can
Aluminum Foil
Denim
The spreading out of particles is called:__________________________.
In DIFFUSION, particles are always moving from an area of
high concentration to an area of low concentration, until both sides
of the membrane are equally distributed.
5.
What is OSMOSIS?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6.
Look at pictures 2.14A ad 2.14B on page 130. Explain what has happened to
the carrot sticks over a 24-hour period.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Mr. S. Slade
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7.
Why is water important to living things?
_____________________________________________________________
8.
How does water move in the process of Osmosis?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Page 134
9.
What does a vascular tissue do in a plant?
_____________________________________________________________
10. What does the Phloem tissue do?
_____________________________________________________________
11. What does the Xylem tissue do?
_____________________________________________________________
12. Where would you find the root hairs of a plant?
_____________________________________________________________
13. How do the root hairs absorb water and nutrients for the plant?
_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
14.
Why are leaves flat and thin?
____________________________________________________________
15.
What are stomata and what do they do?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Mr. S. Slade
9
16.
Explain the process called Transpiration.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
We transpire too! When do we lose water through our skin? When we
sweat!
**
Can you think of any plants that need to retain water so badly that they
actually cover their stomata to stop transpiration?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
REMEMBER – in the process of photosynthesis, plants make sugars using
water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight.
17.
Why do grocery stores spray vegetables with water?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
18.
Is it better to water your plants/lawn in the early morning/late evening or
during the day? (This answer needs to come from your brain and not from
the book!)
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 Websites
Osmosis
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/Osmosis.htm
 Science Journal
Can cells break sidewalks? Read about this in Topic 4 and find out. Answer this
question using full sentences. Remember to date and title your entry.
Mr. S. Slade
10
Topic 5 – Cell Specialization and Organization
Page 138
1.
What does it mean when we say that cells are “specialized”?
____________________________________________________________
2.
What is most household dust made out of? Explain.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3.
We are very complex multicellular beings. We have cells which help us
move, help us taste, and protect us from the damaging rays of the sun,
amongst many other things.
What disadvantages do unicellular organisms when compared to multicellular
organisms.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4.
List four advantages of a multicellular organism.
i)___________________________________________________________
ii)___________________________________________________________
iii)__________________________________________________________
iv)__________________________________________________________
5.
What is a tissue?
___________________________________________________________
6.
What is an organ?
____________________________________________________________
Mr. S. Slade
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7.
What is a system?
____________________________________________________________
8.
List the main types of tissues found in animals and plants.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
9.
What organs do you use to eat and apple, and describe each organs
functions.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
10.
What tissues make up the stomach?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Mr. S. Slade
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Page 144
11.
Plants have only two main systems. What are they and how do they work?
i)___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
ii)___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
 Websites
Organs and Systems Within the Body
http://web.ukonline.co.uk/webwise/spinneret/life/orgsys.htm
Human Organs
http://www.longman.co.uk/tt_secsci/ideas_ex/organs/sept00.htm
Human Systems (great site)
http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html
 Science Journal – no journal entry for this topic.
Mr. S. Slade
13
Topic 6 - Body Systems in Humans
Page 146
1.
How many systems are there in the human body?
______________
2.
List all of the systems from page 146 – 152 and give a brief description of
each.
i)________________________________________________________________
ii)________________________________________________________________
iii)_______________________________________________________________
iv)_______________________________________________________________
v)_______________________________________________________________
vi)_______________________________________________________________
Mr. S. Slade
14
TIME FOR A CHANGE OF PACE!
You are now going to put this booklet away and hop on a computer. It is
time to make your first Grade 8 Science Website. Please read the following
instructions carefully.
a)
You will use DreamWeaver to compose your website. If you have not used
this program before, have no fear. You will be provided with a handout.
b)
Create a folder called “Body Systems Website”
b)
Your website must have an introductory page. This is like the title page for
a book. You must include a title, a related image, information indicating
what people will find in your website, your name, the date that the website
was composed (that way, people can always be sure as to whether or not
the information they are looking at is current), and links to each of the
pages on your website. Save this page as “index”.
c)
You must include three of the following pages (with one paragraph) of
information and at least one picture on each of the following topics:
i)
The Digestive System – save as “digestive”
ii)
The Respiratory System – save as “respiratory”
iii)
The Circulatory System – save as “circulatory”
iv)
The Excretory System – save as “excretory”
iv)
Sensory Awareness and Nervous Systems – save as “sensory”
You must also include one of the following pages. This will make a total of
four pages.
iv)
How the Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Connect – save as
“resp_and_circ”
v)
How the Circulatory and Digestive Systems Connect – save as
“circ_and_dige”
Each page must also have a title and a link back to your “title page”.
d)
Have fun and be creative. You will be given six computer periods to
complete this assignment so budget your time wisely. If you will need more
time, you may visit the library at lunch or after school.
** The more effort that you put into your project, the higher your mark will be. Try
to include things like animations and sounds on your page. In addition,
always try to keep a constant color scheme…it looks more professional.
Your project will be due on ______________________________.
Mr. S. Slade
15
Topic 7 – Body Systems and Your Health
Page 154
1.
In humans, how are substances such as nutrients, transported around the
body?
____________________________________________________________
2.
What percent of an adult’s body weight is blood? __________
3.
If Mr. Slade weighs 210 pounds, about how much of his body is blood?
________________________
4.
Compose a table of the components of blood.
Component
5.
Percentage of Blood
Main Function
What iron-rich chemical does blood contain that attracts oxygen?
____________________________
6.
Which other two systems does the circulatory system work with closely to
bring oxygen and nutrients into your body from the outside environment?
____________________________________________________________
7.
What is the leading cause of death in North America?
____________________________________________________________
Mr. S. Slade
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8.
What is the name of the device used to measure high blood pressure?
____________________________________________________________
9.
Blood pressure indicates several things. What does it mean about the
following:
a)
Volume of Blood:_________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
b)
Heart Rate:_____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
c)
Artery Size:_____________________________________________
______________________________________________________
d)
Artery Elasticity:_________________________________________
______________________________________________________
e)
Blood Viscosity:_________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Page 157
10.
What does cigarette smoke do to the circulatory system?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
11.
What can a high-salt diet do to your body?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Mr. S. Slade
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12.
What can a high-fat diet do to your body?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
13.
Risks or disorders to the circulatory system ca be reduced by doing what?
____________________________________________________________
Page 158 – Examining Your Diet
14.
What is starch and in what foods is it found?
___________________________________________________________
15.
What main two operations does fat perform for our body?
___________________________________________________________
16.
What is protein and in what foods is it found?
___________________________________________________________
17.
Why is a high-fibre diet so important?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Page 160
18.
What is “cilia” and what does it do?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
19.
What is the leading cause of lung cancer?
____________________________
Mr. S. Slade
18
20.
How does lung cancer occur?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Page 162
21.
To maintain healthy organs and systems, what needs must you fulfill?
___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
22.
Explain why the following are so important to your body.
a) Clean air:__________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
b) Exercise:__________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
c) Healthy Lifestyle:____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
 Websites
Canada’s Food Guide
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hppb/nutrition/pube/foodguid/
How Your Immune System Works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/immune-system.htm
How Exercise Works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/sports-physiology.htm
How Food Works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/food.htm
Mr. S. Slade
19
How Your Digestive System Works
http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/digestive_system.html
How Your Circulatory System Works
http://www.vbmc.org/heart/faqs/claudication.htm#work
The Brain and Nervous System
http://www.sciencenet.org.uk/database/Biology/Lists/braintable.html
 Science Journal
Read “Did You Know” on Page 155. What types of foods contain iron? What is
anemia? Remember to answer these questions in full sentences. Date and title
your entry.
Mr. S. Slade
20