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4-D
Civil War
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Chapter review….
Pg. 145 1.By 1820, abolition, the movement to
PERIOD_______
African Americans from slavery, had taken hold.
Pg. 156 2. Over the centuries, the Northern and Southern
developed into two very different and economic regions.
Pg. 157 3. The South, with its
of the United States had
economy, had come to rely on an enslaved labor force.
4. As the 31st Congress opened in December 1849, the question of statehood for
the agenda.
Pg. 158 5. At last, in September, after eight months of effort, the
of 1850 became law.
6. For the moment, the crisis over slavery in the
7. Attempting to
topped
had passed.
from slavery was a dangerous process.
8. As time went on, free African Americans and white
people who would, at great risk to themselves, hide fugitive slaves.
developed a secret network of
9. The system of escape routes they used became known as the
10. One of the most famous conductors was
Pg. 164 11. As the
.
.
presidential election approached, the Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln.
12. Nonetheless, many Southerners viewed his as an
.
13. Lincoln emerged as the winner with
14. Some Southern states decided to
than half the popular votes.
.
Pg. 165 15. But one key
remained in everyone’s mind: should the North allow the South
to leave the Union without a fight?
Pg. 169 16. The Union and the Confederacy were
matched.
17. The Union enjoyed enormous
in resources over the South-more people, more
factories, greater food production, and a more extensive railroad system.
18. The Confederacy’s advantages included first-rate
, and highly motivated soldiers.
19. The first
on the battlefield occurred about three months after Fort Sumter fell,
near the little creek of Bull Run.
20. In the afternoon Confederate reinforcements helped win the first Southern
.
Pg. 171. 21. McClellan ordered his men to pursue
, and the two sides fought on
September 17 near a creek called the Antietam.
22. The clash proved to be the
single-day battle in American history.
Pg. 176 23. Near the sleepy town of
battle of the war was fought.
, in southern Pennsylvania, the most decisive
Pg. 177 24. After the battle,
back to Virginia.
gave up any hopes of invading the North and led his army to
25. The
Confederates were killed.
-day battle produced staggering losses: 23,000 Union men and 28,000
Pg. 180 25.In March 1864, Lincoln appointed
commander of all union armies.
26. Grant in turn appointed William Tecumseh
of the Mississippi.
as commander of the military division
27. Old friends and comrades in arms, both men believed in waging
.
28. Grant’s strategy was to decimate Lee’s army on Virginia while
raided Georgia.
Pg. 181 29. After reaching the
, Sherman’s forces—followed by 25,000 former
slaves—turned north to help Grant “wipe out Lee.”
30. On April 9, 1865, in a Virginia town called Appomattox Court House, Lee and
a private home to arrange a Confederate surrender.
31. After
met at
long years, the Civil War was over.
32. Approximately 360,000 Union soldiers and 260,000 Confederates
American combat deaths as in all other American wars combined.
, nearly as many
Pg. 182. 33. Economically, the Civil War dramatically widened the
34. The economy of the
between North and South.
states boomed.
35. The Southern economy, on the other had, was
.
36. Because of developments in
war, or the first modern war.
, the Civil War has been called the last old-fashion
37. The war not only revolutionized
but also changed people’s lives.
38. Perhaps the biggest change came from
Pg. 183 39. After political maneuvering, the
.
Amendment was ratified at the end of 1865.
40. Lincoln and his wife went to
Our American Cousin.
in Washington to see a British comedy,
41. A man crept up behind Lincoln and __
____ the president in the back of the head.
42. After the shooting, the assassin,
—at 26-year-old
actor and Southern sympathizer—then leaped down from the presidential box.
Pg. 184. 43. Reconstruction, the period during which the United States began to
Civil War, lasted from 1865 to 1877.
after the
Pg. 186. 44. In the 1868 presidential election, the Civil War hero
won.
45. After the election, the Radicals introduced the
Amendment, which states that
no one can be kept from voting because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
Pg. 187. 46. During
47. However, many
idea of equal rights.
, African-American men registered to vote for the first time.
Southerners refused to accept blacks’ new status and resisted the
48. Before the Civil War, African Americans had been denied full membership in many
49. During Reconstruction, African Americans founded their own
.
.
Pg. 188 50. Thousands of African Americans also took advantages of their new
migrating to reunite with their family members.
51. Among these was Hiram Revels, the first African-American
.
52. Without their own land, free African Americans, as well as poor
crops to sell or to use to feed their families.
53. In the system of
of household a few acres.
by
farmers, could not grow
, landowners divided their land and assigned each head
54. Sharecroppers kept a smaller share of their crops and gave the rest to the
Pg. 189 55. Eventually, support for Reconstruction
.
.