Download Chapter 5B Grammar: The Irregular Verbs Venir, Ser vs Estar, the

Chapter 5B Grammar: The Irregular Verbs Venir, Ser vs Estar, the Plural of Nouns
& Stem-Changing Verbs Dormir & Poder:
The Irregular Verb Venir:
 The verb venir is irregular and it means “to come.” Use it when you want to say
that someone is coming to a place or an event. Some people even use it as "to
arrive."
 The nice thing about this verb is that it is very similar to the verb tener (change
out the “t” for a “v.” Just watch out for the difference of spelling in the nosotros
and vosotros conjugations because tener is an –ER verb and venir is an –IR
verb.
Venir: to come (E  IE Shoe Verb Stem Change & a Regular –IR Ending)
vengo
venimos
vienes
venís
viene
vienen
The Irregular Verb Estar:
yo
tú
usted
Singular
estoy = I am
estás = you are
está = you are
él/ella
está = he/she is
Plural
nosotros/as
estamos = we are
vosotros/as
estáis = y’all are
ustedes
están = you all
are
ellos/ellas
están = they are
* it/who singular
* it/who plural
The Irregular Verb Ser:
yo
tú
Singular
soy = I am
eres = you are
usted
es = you are
nosotros/as
vosotros/as
/Spain
ustedes
él/ella
es = he/she is
ellos/ellas
* it singular
Plural
somos = we are
sois = y’all are
son = you all are
son = they are
* it plural
* Important Tip: There will be times when you need to conjugate a verb for an “it” such
as a book or a desk. “It” singular uses the same conjugation as usted, él and ella. “It”
plural uses the same conjugation as ustedes, ellos and ellas.
Example:
mesa.
El libro está encima de la mesa.
Los libros están encima de la
Ser vs. Estar Quick Comparison
Ser
- PERMANENT
- Nationality/Origin
- Profession/Title
- Physical characteristics
- Personality traits
- Time
- Relationship
- Ownership
What They Have in
Common
- They both mean “to be”
- The English equivalent:
“is, am and are”
- They’re both irregular
Estar
- TEMPORARY
- Feelings
- State/Condition
- Location (ALWAYS)
Plural of Nouns:
 If the noun ends in a vowel, add an –s.

mesa mesas
If the noun ends in a consonant other than the letter –z, add an –es.
cartel

carteles
If the noun ends with the letter –z, drop the –z and add –ces.
pez
peces
Stem-Changing Verbs:
1. Stem-changing verbs are in a category all their own because they're both regular
and irregular at the same time.
2. Change in two places: the regular verb ending (-ar, -er, -ir) AND the stem
(ALWAYS the syllable directly before the verb ending).
3. They all have a stem change EXCEPT for the nosotros and vosotros forms.
4. They’re also called boot verbs because if you draw a shape around the verbs
forms that have a stem change and you leave out the nosotros/vosotros forms,
the shape looks like a boot.
5. The two stem-changing verbs that you need to know for this chapter are: dormir
(to sleep) and poder (to be able to/can).
Dormir is an O  UE Stem Change and a Regular –IR Ending
yo duermo
nosotros/as dormimos
tú duermes
vosotros/as dormís
usted/él/ella duerme
ustedes/ellos/ellas duermen
Poder is an O  UE Stem Change and a Regular –ER Ending
yo puedo
nosotros/as podemos
tú puedes
vosotros/as podéis
usted/él/ella puede
ustedes/ellos/ellas pueden