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Parts of Speech Study Guide Nouns o A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. Ex: girl, building, lamp, pain, love, courage o A collective noun names a group of people or things. Ex: crew, group, herd o Common nouns can name any person, place, or thing. Ex: boy, state, lake o Proper nouns name a particular person, place, or thing. A proper noun begins with a capital letter and may include more than one word. Ex: Rob Mason, Tennessee, Lake Louise o A compound noun has more than one word. Ex: study hall, mother-in-law, skyscraper Pronouns o A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns. o An antecedent is the word or group of words that a pronoun replaces or refers to. List of Personal Pronouns First person Singular Plural (speaker) I, me, my mine we, us, our, ours Second person (person spoken to) Third person (person or thing spoken about) you, your, yours you, your, yours he, him, his she, her, hers it, its they, them their, theirs Other Kinds of Pronouns o Indefinite pronouns – usually doesn’t have a definite antecedent; refers to an unnamed person or thing. Common Indefinite Pronouns all another any anybody anyone anything both each either everybody everyone everything few many most neither none no one nothing one several some someone something o Demonstrative pronouns – point out persons and things Demonstrative Pronouns this that these those o Interrogative pronouns – are used to ask questions what Interrogative Pronouns which who whom whose Verbs o An action verb tells what action a subject is performing. o To find an action verb, first find the subject of the sentence and then ask yourself, What is the subject doing? o Action verbs can show physical action, mental action, or ownership. Physical action – The frog swallowed the fly. Mental action – I forgot his name. Ownership – Jeffrey has a new bicycle. Linking Verbs o A linking verb links the subject with another word in the sentence. The other word either renames or describes the subject. be is am are was were appear become feel Common Linking Verbs shall be have been will be has been can be had been could be could have been should be should have been would be may have been may be might have been might be must have been Additional Linking Verbs grow seem look smell remain sound stay taste turn Linking Verb or Action Verb o Some of the additional linking verbs are not always used as linking verbs. o Those words can also be used as action verbs. o Ask yourself, What is the verb doing in the sentence? o If the verb links a subject to a word that renames or describes it, it’s a linking verb. o If the verb is used to show action, it’s an action verb. Helping Verbs o A verb phrase is a main verb plus one or more helping verbs. Common Helping Verbs be – am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been have – has, have, had do – do, does, did others – may, might, must, can, could, shall, should, will, would o A main verb may have one or more helping verbs. o One or more words may interrupt a verb phrase. o Not and its contraction n’t are never part of a verb phrase. o To find a verb phrase in a question, turn the question into a statement.