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Chapter 14 Learning Goals 14.1 Evaluate the medical model and identify the most commonly used criteria of abnormality. 14.2 List three stereotypes of people with psychological disorders. 14.3 Outline the history and structure of the DSM diagnostic system. 14.4 Discuss estimates of the prevalence of psychological disorders. 14.5 Identify five anxiety disorders and the symptoms associated with each. 14.6 Discuss the role of biological factors and conditioning in the etiology of anxiety disorders. 14.7 Explain how cognitive factors and stress can contribute to the development of anxiety disorders. 14.8 Distinguish among three somatoform disorders. 14.9 Analyze how personality, cognitive factors, and the sick role contribute to somatoform disorders. 14.10 Distinguish among three dissociative disorders. 14.11 Discuss the etiology of dissociative identity disorder. 14.12 Describe the two major mood disorders and their relation to suicide. 14.13 Clarify how genetic, neurochemical, and neuroanatomical factors are related to the development of mood disorders. 14.14 Explain how cognitive factors can promote depression and describe the Featured Study on negative thinking and depression. 14.15 Outline the role of interpersonal factors and stress in the development of mood disorders. 14.16 Review the general characteristics of schizophrenia. 14.17 Outline the classification of schizophrenic subtypes and the course of schizophrenia. 14.18 Explain how genetic vulnerability and neurochemical factors can contribute to schizophrenia. 14.19 Analyze the role of structural abnormalities in the brain and neurodevelopmental processes in the etiology of schizophrenia. 14.20 Summarize how family dynamics and stress may be related to the development of schizophrenia. 14.21 Discuss the nature of personality disorders and problems with the diagnosis of such disorders. 14.22 Describe the antisocial personality disorder and discuss its etiology. 14.23 Articulate the legal concept of insanity and clarify the grounds for involuntary commitment. 14.24 Compare the relativistic versus pancultural view of psychological disorders. 14.25 Assess the extent of cultural variability in the existence and presentation of mental disorders. 14.26 Identify the four unifying themes highlighted in this chapter. 14.27 Describe the subtypes, history, and prevalence of eating disorders. 14.28 Outline how genetic factors, personality, culture, family dynamics and disturbed thinking contribute to eating disorders. 1 14.29 Understand how mental heuristics can distort estimates of cumulative and conjunctive probabilities. 2