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Name:________________________
Period:________________________
Mr. Hayward
Adventures in World History
Ancient China (古老中國)
Directions: Follow along with the PowerPoint presentation and fill in the
blank spaces accordingly.
I. Geography of China
For thousands of years, the ancient Chinese thought they were pretty much
alone on the ________________. They knew there were people to the north,
the Felt Tent People - _____________ - but they did not know that other
advanced ancient civilizations existed anywhere else.
China's natural barriers to the west, south, and east helped to ______________
these early people from _________________.
China's natural barriers include seas - the __________ Sea and the
______________ Sea, both located in the _____________ Ocean. These seas
provide a huge coastline, which provided trade routes and easy access to food.
II. Early China & Xia Dynasty - 10,000 BCE to 1500 BCE
Chinese civilization started around ______________ BCE, when a group called
the __________________ settled near the Huang He River.
Archaeologists have uncovered many _______________ in __________ China.
About 3,000 BCE, another farming group appeared the __________________.
The Lungshan were very ______________ for their time.
They _______________________, and used it to weave fine fabrics. They used
the potters wheel. They ________________________ in ovens, and used them
to build their _____________________.
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Ancient Story
Ancient Story: On a warm spring day, in Xia times, some children went out in
the fields to play. In those days, if you had a problem you went to see the local
wise woman. In this village, the wise woman's name was Loawnu.
Alarmed at what they saw in the fields, the children ran up the hill to Loawnu's
house. "Loawnu," they shouted. "The sky is falling down!" Loawnu smiled at
the children. "Don't be worried. Find all the pieces of sky that have fallen, and
bring them to me. I'll sew them together again in time for the festival."
The spring festival was nearing. This was a time when the young people
gathered from many villages to meet one another and to find husbands and
wives. The children's village had been honored this year as the meeting village.
It would be a horrible time for the sky to fall down. The village would be
disgraced!
Off the children ran to pick up the pieces. But some were missing! "Loawnu!"
cried the children, as they tore up the hill, breathing heavily. Loawnu only
smiled.
The next day, the children ran outside and looked up. The sky looked as it
always looked on a warm spring day, clean and fresh and blue. They were so
happy.
That night, they were amazed! The sky had always been dark at night. That
night, it was filled with light! Loawnu had patched the missing pieces of sky
with bright twinkling light! How beautiful! How clever! We shall have the
happiest spring festival in all the land! How lucky we are to know Loawnu! All
the village agreed.
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III.
Shang & Chou/Zhou Dynasties
Shang and Chou times are known for their use of ______, bronze, horsedrawn chariots, _________________, highly organized armies, and
_________________________
Cities were surrounded by ___________________ walls. One city was
surrounded by a wall ______ feet high________ feet thick, and ________
miles long!
Inside these walled cities lived the ________, priests, and warriors.
______________ and __________________ lived in mud houses built up
against the outside walls of the cities. Farmers lived in nearby _________.
_______________________, which changed the way people ate their food.
Ancestor worship
Ancestor worship was very important to the early Shang kings and nobles. It
was a way of life.
When a man died, the ancient Chinese believed his spirit lived on in the
afterworld. They believed their ancestors had magical powers. These magical
powers allowed their ancestors to punish them or to help them.
To keep their ancestors happy, they brought gifts of food and wine to special
places or temples. They held many celebrations to honor their ancestors.
Oracle Bones: To communicate with their ancestors, the Shang kings used
oracle bones (sometimes called dragon bones).
Here's how it worked: The king or emperor would ask a question, for example,
will it rain tomorrow? The priest would carve the king's question on an oracle
bone, which was just an animal bone or turtle shell. (Will it rain tomorrow?)
Then, the priest would heat a bronze pin and hold the hot pin to the bone. This
created a pattern of cracks over the bone. The priest (who was usually a
woman) would study the cracks to find the answer to the question.
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Archaeologists have found over 100,000 oracle bones. Since many
questions were asked about daily life, we know something about this
civilization. The thing is, they didn't exactly ask "Will it rain tomorrow?"
Oracle bones say things like: "If we sacrifice 10 men or 5 oxen, will it rain
tomorrow?"
The Shang kings sacrificed a great number of people to talk to their ancestors.
Some of those sacrificed were enemies, captured in war. Some were slaves or
people who were sick or deformed. Some were merchants, craftsmen, or
farmers who had upset the nobles. Some were nobles who had upset the king.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Family: For both the rich and the poor, the family was all important.
The _________________ was the head of the family. If one member of a
family did something wrong, the entire family was in ______________.
In the nobles, marriages were _____________________ to strengthen or to
create a union between two __________________________________.
The young ________________ their _____________ without a fuss.
This was an important part of ancestor worship. Even a ___________________
with many servants might patch his father's robe with his own hands.
Children looked forward to the day when they would be _______________,
and their children would honor them.
The role of the _________________ was to be gentle, calm,
_________________, and to ___________________ her husband.
In ancient China, ______________________________ were so important that
they were nearly sacred.
Shang & Chou kings and nobles: The rich lived in _________________ and
palaces made of ________________and _______________.
They had tall _________________ candlesticks. They used bronze drinking
cups. (Shang leaders were famous for their drinking bouts.)
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They loved to ______________. Their bronze weapons were decorated with
elaborate designs.
____________________________ was very popular, both as a sport and, in
late Chou times, as a method __________________________. (Chariots had
not worked very well as the landscape was rather bumpy and rugged.)
The nobles wore elaborate gowns of _____________ and lived in large, brick
homes with tiled _______________________.
They were lavishly decorated and ______________________. Jugs of
______________ lined the walkways.
The air was _____________________with flowers in the gardens and
___________________ from pots of food steaming on stoves.
They were buried in ___________________________.
Unlike the ancient ___________________________, the Shang and Chou were
buried with ____________________________.
In their ________________, archaeologists have found entire
___________________, objects of art, and the remains of
__________________ and ____________________ who accompanied kings to
their _____________________.
Warriors: The leaders of different ________________ were continually
waging war with each other.
Warriors were ________________________in bronze armor that went to battle
in _______________________________ made of wood and bronze.
They wore bronze __________________ and carried daggers,
___________________, and axes.
Each chariot had a _____________________, a spearman, and an
__________________.
Behind them, came the _______________________, who were usually
____________________, forced to leave their fields.
Foot soldiers wore ____________________ and
__________________________.
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Farmers: Most people were ________________ (peasants).
Their life was ________________________. Farmers lived in nearby villages.
Their homes were very ___________________. In the summer, peasants lived
on the ____________________ near their fields.
Summer homes were made of ______________________ branches. In the
winter, they moved to their _______________________ homes in the villages.
Winter homes were drafty, one room houses with _______________________
or tile roofs, dirt floors and no _________________________. The walls were
made of mud. Doors faced south. Each family had their own
_______________________.
They farmed small plots of land with primitive _____________ and
____________________tools.
They did not _______________ the land. They worked the land
______________ to them by the royals and the nobles.
They had to give the ____________________ part of the
__________________ they grew. They were also expected to give
_____________ to the nobleman of ______________or silk.
They worked without _________________ on the noble's house, roads, and
bridges. They pretty much ________________________ all the time.
Their gods were the gods of ______________, the ___________ god, the
________________god, the ___________________ god. They believed in
many gods, but the most powerful was the sky god, __________________ the
king of gods.
To the peasants, T'ien was more brilliant and more powerful than any
___________________ king.
As in Xia times, the earliest times, each year they celebrated the
_______________________ Festival.
Several _________________________ would gather for the Festival. Unlike
the nobles, __________________________ were rarely arranged.
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Boys and girls met each other at the Spring _______________________. This
is when young boys and girls found __________________ and
__________________.
Girls were about _____________ years old when they married. Boys were
about the same age, or a little older.
It was during ___________________ times that the Spring Festival evolved
into what we call today _______________________________.
Merchants and Craftsmen: Since this group did not produce
___________________ and were not part of the _______________________,
they were outside the class structure.
Like ___________________, they were hardly considered
________________.
In times of _________________, when the city was __________________,
they were not taken inside the _____________________ walls, but were left to
fend for themselves as best they could.
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IV.
Qin Dynasty (pronounced chin) 221 BCE - 206 BCE
Many dynasties in Ancient China lasted for hundreds of years.
But the Qin Dynasty lasted for only ______________________. Yet, First
Emperor _______________accomplished an amazing amount of change!
Qin was the first man to control all of _____________________.
He did not want to be called a _________________. He called himself First
____________________ Qin.
He died of _________________________ causes.
But in the short time that he ruled China, he readied China to be pulled together
as ________________________. But at what cost?
First Emperor Qin was a legalist.
Legalists believe that people are basically __________________.
They believe that it is necessary to ________________ and
_________________ every minute of people's lives.
Qin ran his dynasty with _____________________________ and swift harsh
___________________________.
It was illegal to _____________________ about Qin's government. If you
simply suggested that things might be improved, you could be put to
_____________________ without a trial.
Qins’ changes
Bureaucracy - He divided his empire into ______________________. Each
province was divided into _______________________. He put two
government officials in charge of each province.
Spy System - People had to spy on each other - it was the ________________.
Land: First Emperor Qin took land away from the ______________________.
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Law Code: He introduced a new law code that applied to
___________________.
Peasants: Peasants were ____________________ a job. They were either
assigned the job of _____________ or of a___________________ maker.
Censorship: Qin practiced total censorship. All ________________ he
considered useless were ______________________. The more time people
spent _______________________, the less time they had to grow food.
Standardization: He introduced one system of _________________,
measures, _________________, written language, and ________________.
End of Qin Dynasty
Qin did not think his _____________ was ________________________.
He did do many good things – Dams, __________________, Great Wall began.
Saved thousands of _________________
He died of _____________________ causes in 210 B.C.E.
______________________ took over
Was overthrown by a man who started a new dynasty – The _______________
Dynasty.
V.
The Han Dynasty 200 BCE to 200 CE
Han Introduction: This was not the_______________________ Age of
China, but life was very good for many of the people because of the demand for
_______________________________.
The creation of the "_________________________" - the trade routes across
the fierce deserts - allowed ______________________ to flourish more easily
with the _________________________ Empire.
People __________________________together into one civilization during
Han times.
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The Arts & Sciences:
They created new works of _____________________ and music.
Beautiful _________________________ were painted on the walls of
_____________________.
___________________ was used for making __________________ and other
cast iron objects.
Their _______________________ was advanced.
They invented _____________________.
These ancient people invented ___________________________.
They also invented an instrument that told them when an __________________
was happening, somewhere in the Empire, so they could send troops and food
to help. It was called a ______________________________.
They had a common _______________________________. Even in remote
sections, district officials copied the manner of the imperial court.
____________________________ built homes and plowed their fields in the
same way all over China.
Public Schools:
One of the Han emperors (Emperor Wudi), around 100 CE, agreed with
Confucius that ___________________________ was the key to good
government.
He started a system of ___________________________________, for boys
only, taught by Confucian teachers.
Jobs:
Jobs were given to ____________________________ people, as well as
_________________________________.
People were __________________________ for their work.
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Merchants & Craftsmen:
As in Shang times, ______________________ were hardly recognized as
______________________.
Life in the Country:
Country folk were ____________________________.
Several _________________________ lived in one house to allow them to
work their fields together.
_______________________________had learned to team up. This solved a
major problem.
Together, they were able to produce more _________________________,
some years, than they needed, which allowed them to _________________
food for other items.
They _________________________ much of their food over boiling water on
stoves.
In the south, they _________________________, steamed dumplings, and fish,
flavored with ____________________________________.
In the north, they ate much the same, only they ate
_________________________instead of rice.
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