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Transcript
Chapter 1-3 Forces Shaping the Earth Pg 34 Inside the Earth - Three layers Layers of the earth - o Core Center of the earth Inner core Solid hot iron and other metals Outer core Liquid hot iron and other metals o Mantel Surrounds the outer core 1,800 miles thick consists of 2 parts part nearest the core is solid rock on the outer mantel sometimes melts o comes out of active volcanoes known as magma when it is still within the crust known as lava when it comes outside the crust o Crust Uppermost layer Thin Only 31-62 miles thick Thinnest on the ocean floor Thickest on the 7 continents - Continents o Massive land areas North America South America Europe Australia Asia Africa Antarctica Forces Beneath the Earth’s Crust - earthquakes and volcanoes Plate Tectonics-Movement - Theory o States that the crust in not an unbroken shell but consists of plates Huge slabs of rock that move Floating on liquid rock just below the crust Move in different directions - Pg 36 Plate Tectonics o Notice how the pieces of the puzzle fit together. CD 3-D atlas S. America fits into Africa o Pangaea Page 45 Pangea Super continent A single landmass that existed millions of years ago. Broke apart through tectonic activity Still moving today Aka “continental drift” Alfred Wegener 4 inches per year same rate as my beard grows western edge of SA moves about 1.8 inches per year o similar to the rate at which your fingernails grow When Plates Meet - Sometimes the plates spread away from each other - Sometimes the plates move toward each other o If the 2 plates are “continental plates” the collision produces high mountain ranges – Himilayas o If one plate is continental and one is oceanic the collision thicker continental plate slides over the thinner oceanic plate Forms volcanic mountains o Sometimes the plates move by sliding next to each other. This movement creates faults Cracks in the earth’s surface Sudden movements can cause earthquakes - A sudden movement in the earth’s crust Can cause severe damage o Pg 37 o San Andreas fault California San Fran 1906 Loma Preada 1989 New Madrid New Madrid Alaskan Can cause a tsunami o A tidal wave o Causes severe coastal flooding o Indonesia December 2005 Tsunami Forces Shaping Landforms - Weathering and Erosion Forces on the earth’s surfaces that create change in landforms Weathering - the process of breaking surface rock into boulders, gravel, sand, and soil - Mechanical weathering o Frost wedging Water seeps into cracks of rocks freezes and expands o Plant root growth - Chemical weathering o Acid rain Pollution mixes with precipitation and falls to the earth The chemicals eat away at the surface of anything o Carbonic acid Water mixes with carbon dioxide and forms a mild acid that causes rocks to break down chemically Creates caves o Stalagmites stalagmites o Stalagtites Stalagtites Erosion - Process of wearing away or moving of weathered materials - Water o Most powerful agent of erosion o Grand Canyon National Park, Photos - Wind o Video: The Dust Bowl o Create “wind dunes” – Loess o Loess - Glaciers o Glacier Classification o Continental Antarctica Greenland o Mountain Thousands found around the world Melting due to global warming o When a glacier melts it is known as a “receding glacier” o Leaves behind debris Moraine Glacier moraine SD Glacial Lakes Chapter 3 Assessment pg 38