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Science Unit: Earth Science and | Systems | Lesson 3: Spheres as Earth Systems Student Guide Lesson 3: Spheres as Earth Systems The whole earth system can be divided into subsystems, which in turn are composed of their parts. The earth's subsystems are often portrayed as dynamic and interacting spheres. Goals for the Lesson Identify and define the spheres that make up the earth system (atmosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere). Explain the interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere. Materials Student Guide Earth Science: A Reference Guide Keywords and Pronunciations atmosphere : a layer of gases that surrounds a planet biosphere ( BIY-uh-sfir ) includes all living things cryosphere geosphere : the zone of life on the earth that : all frozen water, on land and sea, on earth : the solid earth; that is, all rock on earth hydrosphere ( HIY-druh-sfir ) : the liquid layer of the earth, made up of the earth´s waters; the oceanic parts of the hydrosphere cover about three-fourths of the earth´s surface Explore As you read through the lesson, use the space below to take notes. Word Bank gasoline Earth is a dynamic system. temperature power heat systems five motion spheres electricity The earth is a system of many parts. Consider your family car. Although it has lots of parts, those parts are organized into various _______-groups of interacting parts that form a complex whole. The engine generates the__________. The electrical system generates and delivers __________to the lights and instruments. The fuel system delivers _________ to the engine. The transmission and drivetrain convert the engine power to __________. The cooling system removes excess ______ from the engine. The heat and airconditioning control the cabin ________. The earth is made up of ______ different systems. These earth systems are often represented as interacting____________. Read the following list: redwood tree lava iceberg mountain range Lake Erie clouds soil elephant Organize the list into groups of items that are similar in nature. Write the groups down on a sheet of paper and name each group. As you learn about earth's spheres and their interaction, you may alter and add to your groups of like items as you begin to see them as components of earth's various spheres. The cryosphere is all of earth’s ____ on land and sea. The cryosphere is all the _______ water on the earth’s surface. Ice occurs in many places. Continental ice sheets are found on ___________ and Antarctica. ___________ are on every continent except Australia. Sheets of ice ___________ in the oceans and seas, usually around the poles. Ice also forms on________, streams, ponds, and________. The ________ changes over time and space. Land ice, such as snowfall and glaciers, ___________ and melts seasonally. Glaciers wear down mountainsides. Floating sea ice moves in the __________, driven by winds and _____________. The cryosphere has greatly increased over millions of years because the ________ has experienced several ice ages during its history. The atmosphere controls and distributes heat. The sun’s _______ strikes the atmosphere. The composition of the atmosphere is important. Carbon dioxide and water ________ in the atmosphere ________ heat energy that is given up by the water and land below. This ______________ Word Bank Ice Lakes currents Greenland Ocean phenomenon earth Float vapor cryosphere rivers Frozen Freezes retain Glaciers energy is called the ____________ ____________. Clouds and ___________ in the atmosphere reflect the sun’s energy. Ozone in the ________ atmosphere protects the earth’s surface from dangerous _________ radiation. Patterns of air _________ in the atmosphere, such as the trade winds, distribute heat energy across the globe, from the ________ to the poles. Weather systems, such as air masses, fronts, and ________ storms, distribute moisture across the land. The hydrosphere is made up of all water on earth. Word Bank Circulation oceans particles wider surface inside equator The hydrosphere includes freshwater bodies such as rivers, lakes, ponds, and streams and saltwater bodies such as oceans and seas. hydrosphere The oceans are the largest part of the _______________, accounting for about 97 percent of the earth’s water and covering over 70 percent of the earth’s __________. Earth’s oceans vary in________, with an average of 3,800 m, or about 12,500 ft. depth The ________ are not evenly distributed over the globe. Most of the ocean area is in the Southern _____________. rocks largest tropical Hemisphere solid greenhouse effect The geosphere consists of the _______ on the surface of the earth and _______ the earth. The geosphere is the _______ portion of the earth. It is made of rock and consists of the surface (continents and seafloor) and the earth’s interior. The geosphere is the __________ sphere on the planet. It is not a perfect sphere in that it is ________ at the equator (6,378 km) than at the poles (6,357 km). upper ultraviolet The geosphere is made up of the following parts: Crust—The surface layer varies in ____________ to about 100 km deep. The continents are thicker than the seafloor. Mantle—The ________ lies beneath the ________ and is 2,900 km thick. Core—The core is made of ________ and. It is 3,480 km in diameter and consists of a _______ outer core and a solid _________ core. Word Bank Mantle Crust organisms Forests changing The biosphere is all ________ things on earth. single-cell All living things on earth, from the smallest ________ organisms to the largest plants and animals, make up the biosphere. The ___________ in the biosphere are ________ into ecosystems. Ecosystems consist of both living and nonliving parts. Some examples of ecosystems are deserts, __________, tundras, ___________, grasslands, and oceans. The living parts of ecosystems are called__________ , which are groups of __________ species that live in the same area. Iron The biosphere is constantly____________. Ecosystems can also _______ and shrink with changing environmental conditions. Over time, as species evolve, some become____________. The earth’s spheres interact. The hydrosphere provides the _________ that forms the frozen ice of the cryosphere. The atmosphere gets its __________ from the hydrosphere. The hydrosphere interacts with the geosphere in the ______________ of pieces of earth's crust—a bit like the role of oil in ___________ the moving parts of your family car's engine. And liquid water is essential to life on earth, the biosphere. Living Organized Interacting movement Extinct moisture communities expand marshes inner lubricating water liquid thickness nickel