Download Conestoga High School

Conestoga High School
Accelerated Biology
Final Exam
Test Date: Wednesday, June 18th at 9:30 AM
Format: There are two parts to the exam – a multiple choice section and
a free response section.

Part I: 100 Multiple Choice Questions – distributed as follows:
Unit
Genetics
% of Questions
23%
DNA Technology
12%
Evolution
17%
Ecology
40%
Taxonomy/Survey
of Kingdoms
8%
Chapters
9: Fundamentals of Genetics
11: Inheritance Patterns and Human
Genetics
13: Gene Technology
12
15: Theory of Evolution
16: Population Genetics and Evolution
18: Introduction to Ecology
19: Populations
20: Community Ecology
22: Humans in the Environment
17: Classification of Organisms
TOTAL # OF MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

# of Questions
17
6
11
6
15
5
8
12
8
100
Part II: 50 Free Response Questions (very short - words or 1-2
sentences)
UNIT 1 – GENETICS
Terms to Know:
Genetics
Mendel
Dominant
Recessive
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment
Genotype
Phenotype
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Sex chromosomes
Sex linked traits
Incomplete dominance
Co-dominance (and give example)
Polygenic Trait (and give example)
Define 7 words
For questions 1-3 use the following gene letters. For each cross, please show the parental genotypes, a
punnett square, phenotypic and genotypic ratios.
T = Tall
t = short
A = Axial
a = terminal
1. Two heterozygous tall pea plants.
2. An axial plant is crossed with a terminal plant and some of the offspring have terminal flowers.
What are the genotypes of the parents? (also show the square, genotypic and phenotypic ratios)
3. A heterozygous tall, heterozygous axial plant is crossed with a heterozygous tall plant that has
terminal flowers.
4. A woman of blood type A marries a man of blood type B. Is it possible for them to have a child with
type O blood? __________ Explain by showing the cross below:
5. Who displays sex-linked traits more frequently, males or females? _____________ Why?
UNIT 2 – DNA TECHNOLOGY
Terms to Know:
Genetic engineering
Genome
DNA Fingerprint
Restriction Enzymes
Plasmids
Recombinant DNA
Cloning
Define 5 words
6. Briefly outline the steps that use recombinant DNA to produce a useful protein like insulin:
1.
2.
3.
4.
isolate bacterial plasmid and gene of interest
cut both with same restriction enzyme
insert gene of interest into plasmid
put plasmid into bacterial cell to be copied
7. Briefly explain how gene therapy works.
1. Gene of interest is cut with restriction enzyme
2. gene inserted into virus
3. patient “infected” with virus so gene can be copied
8. Briefly explain how gel electrophoresis can be used to create a DNA fingerprint.
1.
2.
3.
4.
copy DNA using PCR
cut DNA with restriction enzymes
run gel- sorts DNA by size & charge
compare DNA
UNIT 3 – EVOLUTION
Terms to Know:
Define 5 words
Darwin
Fitness
Adaptation
Natural selection
Homologous structures vs analogous structures
Vestigial structures (and give examples)
Genetic drift
Species
Geographic isolation
9. Why must organisms compete for resources?
Resources are finite, niches overlap
10. How can similar anatomical features (homologous structures) give evidence of evolution?
Proves organisms share a common ancestor
11. What can be learned by comparing DNA sequences (or amino acid sequences of proteins) of
different species?
How recently the organisms being compared shared a common ancestor
12. Explain the differences between stabilizing, disruptive, and directional selection. Use graphs to
help you answer the question.
13. What determines whether a new allele (from a mutation) increases its frequency in a population?
Gene flow, genetic drift, mutations, nonrandom mating & natural selection
Terms to Know:
Ecology
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Habitat
Niche
Producers vs Consumers
Herbivores vs Carnivores vs Omnivores
Food chain vs Food web
Symbiosis
Limiting factors
Carrying capacity
Succession
Desertification
Species diversity
Ecological footprint
UNIT 4 – ECOLOGY
Define 7words
14. What are the major processes of the water cycle and how are they related? (a diagram may help)
Transpiration, evaporation, precipitation. Each process powers the other
15. What are the major processes of the carbon cycle and how are they related? (a diagram may help)
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis. They are the opposites of one another.
16. How can humans affect the carbon cycle?
Burning fossil fuels
17. What organisms carry out nitrogen fixation?
Bacteria
18. List and describe the three kinds of symbiotic relationships that can occur in an ecosystem
1. mutualism- win/win
2. parasitism- win/lose
3. commensalism- win.nothing
19. What factors play a role in population growth rate?
Birth rate, death rate, immigration, emigration
20.Explain the difference between logistic and exponential growth. Include graphs.
21. Explain the difference and give examples of density-dependent vs. density-independent limiting
factors.
Density-dependent are based on the # of individuals in a population. Ex: disease, competition,
predation
Density-independent have the same effect regardless of population size. Ex: weather, natural
disasters
22. Explain the difference and give examples of renewable vs non-renewable resources.
Renewable- can be replenished within a reasonable amount of time. Ex: solar, wind, water
Nonrenewable- does not renew itself at a sufficient rate. Ex: fossil fuels, animals
23. What is the effect of CFC’s in the atmosphere?
Deletion of ozone layer
24. What is the greenhouse effect?
Atmosphere’s ability to trap heat from the sun
25. What is the goal of sustainable development?
Meeting human needs in such a way that humans can survive indefinitely without destroying our
environment
26. Why is biodiversity important? What are some threats to it?
Different species provide many different benefits to people. Threats are pollution, habitat
destruction, etc.
UNIT 5 – TAXONOMY/SURVEY OF KINGDOMS
27. Explain how binomial nomenclature works.
1st name is the genus name and is capitalized. 2nd name is species name and is italicized.
Ex: Homo sapien
27. List the levels of biological hierarchy from kingdom to species.
Kingdom, phylum, chess, order, family, genus, species
28. Complete the following chart that compares the kingdoms of life
Kingdom
Archaea
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Pro/Eukaryote?
Pro
Pro
Eu
Eu
Eu
Eu
Uni/Multicellular?
Uni
Uni
Both
Both
Multi
multi
Autotroph/Heterotroph?
both
both
both
both
Auto
hetero
Cell wall contains
Peptidoglycan
n/a
n/a
Chitin
cellulose
n/a