Download Unit 3: Ancient Greece

Unit 3: Ancient Greece
Pre-test
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1. Where is Greece located?
2. Is Greece an island? Y or N
3. Name a Greek city.
4. Name a person from Ancient Greece.
5. What was the Trojan Horse?
6. Were the Greeks polytheistic or
monotheistic?
7. What event started in Ancient Greece?
Geography:
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Made up of over 2000
islands.
Three major seas
surround Greece:
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Ionian
Aegean
Mediterranean
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Many of the islands
are rocky and
unsuitable for
agriculture
Less than 20% could
be farmed.
Main crops: figs,
olives, corn, grain.
Sheep and goats.
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Many of the people
lived within 70km of
the ocean.
Largest island was
Crete, which was
where the earliest
Greek civilization was
established.
Effect of Geography:
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1. Difficult to conquer by land.
2. Relied on the sea for food and trade.
3. Very few natural resources.
4. Small, isolated communities that did
not communicate with each other.
Ancient Greece was never unified under
one main government and leader.
Map Assignment: 25 marks
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Use page 129. Colour the map.
Macedonia
Sparta
Thrace
Knossos
Asia Minor
Ephesos
Crete
Troy
Olympos
Peloponnese
Delphi
Athens
Aegean Sea
Olympia
Mycenae
Ionian Sea
Hellespont
Attica
Mediterranean Sea
Salamis
Minoans and Mycenaeans
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The Greeks trace their
culture back to these
two groups.
Named after the
legendary King Minos.
A large palace had
been discovered at
Knossos.
King Minos and Knossos
Theseus and the Minotaur
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The Mycenaeans were
from the
Peloponnesian
Peninsula.
They invaded and
conquered the
Minoans on Crete.
The most famous of
the Mycenaean kings
was named
Agamemnon.
The Trojan War
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Homer – a great
Greek poet wrote the
epics The Iliad and
The Odyssey that told
the story of the
Trojan War between
the Mycenaeans and
the Trojans.
Did it really happen?
The Dark Ages
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Began with the decline of the
Mycenaeans. The greeks divided
themselves into three main groups:
Ionians, Aeolians and Dorians.
Dorians used Iron weapons and were very
fierce warriors. They were able to move
through the Greek mainland and conquer
a lot of it.
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This period is known as the Dark Ages
because the Dorians were not interested
in maintaining the Greek culture, writing
down the history, maintaining farming
communities.
They were interested in a military type of
existence.
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The result was famine
and a severe drop in
population.
Sparta was developed
as the main city-state
of the Dorians.
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To survive, other Greek communities
developed into polis.
They also developed apoikoi for survival.
Text work: Pages 138 - 140
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Why do historians call the years from
1100 BCE to 800 BCE the Dark Ages?
What did mainland Greeks do to avoid
the invading Dorians?
Make a list of all the things ‘lost’ because
of the invading Dorians.
What is a polis?
How big was a polis? What were the two
exceptions?
6. Why did the Greeks need to find
additional land by the middle of the 8th
century BCE?
7. What is an apoikoi and where were
many located around the Mediterranean?
8. List 5 achievements of the Greeks that
marked the period of colonization
Greeks in Battle:
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Two main city-states:
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Athens and Sparta
Athens – men between
20-50 must fight if
needed.
Sparta – all men
fought no matter the
age.
Soldiers were called
hoplites.
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Helmet – bronze, tall
crest of horsehair
Body armour –
leather or bronze
(iron too heavy), shin
plates
Shield – usually wood
with bronze; family
crest painted on it
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Greek ships were
called triremes.
Used up to 170
oarsmen (usually
slaves).
Pointed hull made of
iron or bronze
valuable for ramming
enemy ships.
‘Scary’ designs
The Persian Wars
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Were a series of conflicts
between several Greek
city-states and the
Persian Empire.
Not all Greek city-states
fought against the
Persians; some were
neutral and others allied
with Persia, especially as
its massive armies
approached.
Background to the Persian Wars:
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Greek city states in Asia Minor came under
Persian control.
Ruled under tyrants who made Greek
citizens serve in the Persian Army and pay
high taxes.
Rebellion occurred and a Persian leader
asked for help from the Greek Mainland
city-states.
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Sparta was asked 1st and said ‘No’.
Athens gave 20 triremes and joined the
revolt.
After a few years, Athens lost interest and
went home.
Persia never forgot and their leader Darius
vowed vengence.
490 BCE: What began?
Flipbook
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Find the following for each battle:
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2.
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5.
When the battle happened?
Where the battle occurred?
Names of people involved and their role.
5 significant facts about each battle
Final outcome of the battle.
Battle of Marathon:
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490 BCE
Leaders: Militades
(Athens)
Darius (Persia)
Met on the Plains of
Marathon.
First ‘marathon’ by
Phedippedes.
Surprise attacks caused
the Persians to lose
1000s; Athenians lost 192
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Significant facts:
Battle of Thermopylae:
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480 BCE Persia has a new
king, Xerxes.
Xerxes brought 1200
ships and 170 000
hoplites.
Greeks had 200 triremes
and 7000 hoplites.
Sparta was the leader in
this battle, led by King
Leonidas and his 300
Spartan warriors. All
perished at Persian hand.
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Significant Facts:
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“Passerby, tell Sparta that her soldiers aren’t
missing in action; they made their last stand
here and died” (rhymes in Greek)
Battle of Salamis:
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Greeks not killed at
Thermopylae escaped to
the Island of Salamis.
Persians were tricked to
believe the Greeks would
try to escape.
The Battle became a
great Greek victory and
the Persians retreated
back to Persia.
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Significant Facts:
Assignment: Pick a Side
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You are a reported for the PNN or the
GNN (Persian National News or Greek
National News)
You just sat on the hill and watched the
Battle of Salamis as it happened.
Report your details two ways:
1.
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Write an article about the battle.
Your article must include:
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A title
A brief review of events leading up to the
battle
A description of the battle
The outcome of the battle
Any other important info
1 page minimum
2
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A verbal report on the battle
Must include:
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A brief review of events leading up to the
battle
A description of the battle
The outcome of the battle
Any other important info
Must be 3-6 minutes long.
Society
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Athens and Sparta’s Social Organization
Peloponnesian War
(431-404 BCE)
After the huge success of the Persian Wars,
the 2 main city-states and their allies
formed the Delian League.
Together, these 150 city-states worked
together to build triremes, train hoplites,
and plan military strategy, to protect the
Greeks from a possible invasion.
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Athens and Sparta are once again mortal
enemies.
Athens had naval supremacy in the region.
Sparta had an enormous hoplite army.
Both wanted to control all the Greek Islands.
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Athenian power in the
Mediterranean was
lost to the powerful
Spartans.
(Especially when the
Persians got
involved.) 
Text book: Pages 146-148
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1. What was Pericles’ strategy to defend
Athens?
2. What was the fatal flaw in his strategy?
3. Why was the truce in 421 BCE shortlived?
4. Why did the Athenians want to invade
Syracuse?
5. What did the Spartans do to force
Athens to surrender?
Greek Laws and Justice
Oligarchy – Sparta
Democracy – Athens
When Athens was the most powerful citystate, they wanted the ideas of democracy
to be spread around their Athenian
empire.
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Solon was given the
job of re-writing the
laws for everyone.
He had them
displayed on stelas
around the various
city-states.
He tried to please
everyone and made
the laws fair to rich
and poor.
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Draco – was first
chosen to codify the
Athenian laws.
He determined the
difference between a
minor or major crime
and their punishment.
Draco preferred very
harsh punishment!
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The only Draconian
law that still exists
today is one for
murder.
He distinguished
between murder and
man-slaughter and
the punishment for
both.
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Greatest innovation of Greek laws was the jury.
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Greek trials were held in the town squares and had
juries from 201 to 1501 members.
Juries ‘cast their votes’ by throwing bronze disks.
Solid for innocent; hollow for guilty.
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Read pages 159-160.
Answer questions 1, 2 on page 160.
Alexander the Great
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Alexander was a
prince, the son of
King Philip of
Macedonia.
Born in Macedonia in
356 BCE.
Macedonia was not a
Greek city-state. It
was a huge country
north of Greece.
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Alexander had Greek teachers, one of which was
Aristotle.
He spoke Greek and knew Greek history.
He believed in the Greek gods and his
mother told him he was a descendent of
Achilles.
At age 20, he became the leader of
Macedonia and set out to conquer the
world.
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He brought an army
of 30,000 foot
soldiers and 5,000
cavalrymen.
Along with the army
he took engineers,
surveyors, architects,
scientists and even
historians.
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Everywhere he went, he
introduced the newly
conquered people to
Greek literature, myth,
dance, language, money,
medicine, art, and
theatre.
He allowed conquered
people to run their own
country as long as they
learned the Greek ways.
The Phalanx
Alexander’s Empire
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Alexander died at age 33 from malaria.
He had conquered Asia Minor, Egypt,
Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia and
India.
70 cities were named after him.
Upon his death, his empire collapsed.
Page 148-151
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Why is the period that begins with
Alexander’s conquests known as the
Hellenistic Age?
What were Alexander’s intentions with all
his new territories?
What are some of the accomplishments
of this age?
Do you think Alexander deserves the title
‘the Great’? Why or why not?
Test: May 14, 2009