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Unit 2 – The End of Absolutism and the French Revolution Change to the old system is best exemplified by the ideas of the French Revolution. This unit emphasizes the events of the French Revolution and their impact on the way people thought. The unit starts by looking at the 1600s and the idea of absolutism. We then study the causes of the Revolution. The events of the Revolution are broken into 3 phases – Moderate, Violent and Reaction Phases. We end with the coup d’ Idea Progression Calls for change Absolutism and the Old Regime Calling of the Estates General The Moderate Phase begins the Citizen Tennis Court Oath Flight of the King Declaration of Pillnitz Radical Phase Begins New government (National Convention) The rule of the Directory People and Terms to Know + Rights of Man and Taking of Church lands and the Civil Constitution of the Clergy Revolutionary Wars (against Austria + Prussia) Reaction Phase begins Immediate Causes Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789) National Assembly (abolishes Feudalism ) Women’s March on Versailles Rise of the Political “Clubs” Long Term Causes of the Revolution Reign of Terror (1793-94) Coup d’Etat lead by Napoleon Bonaparte (1799) (remember to identify who/what they are AND their significance) Rousseau Three Estates Huguenots Louis XIV Louis XVI Tennis Court Oath Voltaire Louis XIV Constitution Absolutism Marie Antoinette Bastille Assignats Declaration of Pillnitz Reign of Terror September Massacres Civil Constitution of the Clergy Paris Commune Maximillian Robespierre Coup d’etat Renaissance Versailles Old Regime 3 Estates Estates-General Declaration of Rights of Man + Citizen The Great Fear Sans-culottes Committee of Public Safety Consulate Enlightenment Henry IV Jacques Necker Nationalization Bourgeoisie Liberty, Equality, Fraternity Jacobin Club Girondins Guillotine Conservative French Revolution Big Ideas - How do the changes of the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment (the last unit) pave the way for the French Revolution? - What are the forces of change that cause or contribute to the French Revolution? - What impact does the French Revolution have on European society (you will need to use other units to assist you in this question for the final) ? What is the legacy of the French Revolution? Was the French Revolution a success? Questions to Consider Pre-Revolution Describe how France and other European nations were ruled by absolute monarchies in the 1600 and 1700s. How is Louis XIV a great example of absolutism? What measures did Cardinal Richelieu and later Louis XIV use to centralism power? Causes of the Revolution What are the 4 long term causes of the Revolution? Be able to support each with at least 2 pieces of evidence. What are the immediate causes of the Revolution? Explain the 3 estates of French society in the 1700s. Who made up each group and what percentage of society did they make up? Know some other facts about each estate. What are the expectations of each estate going into the Meeting of the Estates general? (Be able to break down the 3rd Estate into its sub groups and know their expectations) The Revolution begins Describe the meeting of the Estates-General. How did the voting system work? How did the meetings break down and lead to the King losing control? The Moderate Phase Know the characteristics, events and the goals of this phase. Describe the events surrounding the Fall of the Bastille. What were some of the reforms of the National Assembly? Describe how the power of the church was weakened significantly in this phase. Describe the attempted escape of the king in some detail and why this is a turning point in the Revolution. Explain the idea of mob mentality. How does the Paris mob influence the French Revolution? The Violent Phase Why does the Revolution turn violent? Describe the decision to convict the king of treason and then have him executed. What are the goals of the violent phase of the Revolution? How do Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety gain control of the National Convention? Who are the san-coulette? How do they impact the Revolution? Why does the violence come to an end? The Reaction Phase What are the characteristics and goals of this phase? Describe the type of government that rules during these 5 years. Why do people eventually turn against the Directory? Describe the coup d’etat of 1799. Overall Is violence ever justified in seeking historical change? Explain using examples from the French Revolution What was the legacy/impact of the Revolution? Why do we still study it today?