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Chapter 5 review of Concepts
APES
Answer the following questions in preparation for your test.
1. What are the four factors that influence the rate of whether or not an organism will adapt?
Explain which is better (slow, they will adapt?? Etc.)
a.
b.
c.
d.
2. Define and give an example of each of the following concepts.
Definition: Ecosystem
Definition: Species diversity
Definition: Genetic diversity
diversity
Example: Ecosystem diversity
Example: Species diversity
Example: Genetic diversity
3. Define and then draw a picture that explains the difference between species richness and
species evenness.
Definition: species richness
Definition: Species evenness
Picture: species richness
Picture: Species evenness
4. Draw a phylogenic tree (it doesn’t have to be real/accurate) and explain which species is the
common ancestor to all and which are more closely related:
Chapter 5 review of Concepts
APES
5. Define and give an example of micro and macroevolution.
Define: Microevolution
Define: Macroevolution
Example: Microevolution
Example: Macroevolution
6. Describe artificial and natural selection. Which occurs faster and why? Give an example of
each.
7. Define and draw a picture that represents each of the random processes of evolution.
define
picture
Bottleneck
Genetic drift
Mutation
Founder Effect
8. What is the difference between sympatric and allopatric evolution? Give examples.
9. Draw a picture of the figure on page 135 (figure5.18) and label all the following: Limit of
tolerance, range of tolerance, realized niche, fundamental niche, the “amount of existence”
(reproducing, living, growing).
Chapter 5 review of Concepts
APES
10. What is the difference between realized and fundamental niche?
11. When was the largest mass extinction? What mass extinction is most famous? How many, what
types of organisms went extinct during this period.
12. Do the following problem (example on page 124 of your Friedland text):
Imagine a community of 100 individuals that are evenly divided among five species, so that the
proportions (pi) of all the species equals 0.20. Calculate Shannon’s Index:
Now, take the same population, but after an exotic species had been added, 1 of the endemic
species was now 80% of the total population and species 2-5 are represented as follows:
species 2:10%, species 3: 2%, species 4: 4% and species 5: 4%. Calculate Shannon’s Index.